Ruijin Torch Tower is a device to avoid lightning strikes

The construction of the tower began in the first year of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1049), but there is no exact record of when it was completed. This is one of the great unsolved cases in the history of the tower. According to the research of Wei Qianzhi, a professor at Henan University, in the fourth year of Shenzong Xining (1071), Wang Yi wrote a "North Dao Journal Mistaken Chronicles", which recorded a lot of famous places in Beijing (Kaifeng), but only kept silent about the Kaibao Temple Tower. In October of the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Xining of the Northern Song Dynasty (1072), the Japanese monk Cheng Xun visited and worshipped at Kaibao Temple Fushoin Temple and other places, and his account of the scene at that time said that the Buddha relics originally hidden under the wooden pagoda of inspiration are now "staying" in "a small hall". The purpose of building the pagoda is to enshrine the relics, and the relics are placed in the "small hall". Indicates that the new tower has not yet been built. According to Professor Wei Qianzhi bowed down to the tower to investigate, the third layer of bricks on the tower body appeared on the name of the fourth year of Zhiping (1067, the last year of Yingzong's reign), and the top of the tower found the glazed brick with the words "Xining" (the first year name of Shenzong). Referring to the relevant records of the Japanese monk Chengxun's "Legend of Wutai Mountain", this shows that the last completion time of the iron tower was probably in the later part of the Xining period of Shenzong, that is, between 1073 and 1077.

Function: Conventional lightning protection can be divided into direct lightning protection, induction lightning protection and comprehensive lightning protection. The lightning protection device that prevents direct lightning is generally composed of three parts, namely, the lightning receiver, the down conductor and the grounding body, and the lightning receiver is divided into lightning rod, lightning cable, lightning belt and lightning protection net. The lightning protection principle with lightning rod as lightning receiver is: lightning rod is connected to the ground through the wire, forming an equipotential difference with the ground, and using its own height, the electric field of the lightning cloud that increases the electric field intensity to the limit value is distorted, and begins to ionize and descend the pilot discharge; the lightning rod produces a tip discharge under the action of a strong electric field, forming an upward pilot discharge; the two converge to form a lightning path, and then pour into the earth to achieve the lightning protection effect. In fact, the lightning rod is a lightning rod, which can attract and discharge the surrounding lightning in advance, and transmit the lightning current to the ground through its own grounding conductor, so as to avoid direct lightning strikes on the protected object.

The protection range of the lightning rod tower should also be calculated according to the rolling ball method to calculate the protection radius and protection range. The lightning protection tower is mainly used for lightning protection projects of various buildings, especially oil refineries, gas stations, chemical plants, coal mines, explosives depots, flammable and explosive workshops, and should be installed in a timely manner. The principle of lightning protection towers is the same as that of lightning rods. Reduce lightning hazards.

Therefore, instead of spending a high price to buy such a so-called special lightning rod to protect the building, it is better to carefully investigate the site in accordance with the scientific principle of the rolling ball method, carefully design, calculate and verify, honestly carry out on-site construction in accordance with national specifications, and use ordinary lightning rods, lightning belts and other lightning receivers to put the protected places in place, so as to achieve the purpose of being both safe and reliable and economical. The so-called rolling ball method is based on the assumption that a sphere with a certain radius (100 meters, 60 meters, 45 meters, 30 meters, etc.) rolls along the outer surface of the building, and when the sphere only touches the flash receiver and the ground, but does not touch the part that needs to be protected, the part is protected by the flash receiver. In layman's terms, the place that the sphere can reach is the place where the lightning can hit, and the place where the sphere cannot reach is within the protection range of the lightning receiver.

1. All metal parts must be galvanized, pay attention to protect the galvanized layer during operation. Shandong Kunxuan Steel Co., Ltd. sdkxgcyxgs

2. The needle tip is made of galvanized steel pipe, the thickness of the pipe wall shall not be less than 3mm, and the length of the needle tip shall not be less than 70mm. 3. The lightning protection tower should be installed vertically and firmly. The permissible deviation of perpendicularity is 3/1000.

4. Welding requirements: Lap welding should be used, and the lap length must meet the following requirements:

5. Flat bars are twice their width (and welded with at least 3 edges).

6. The round bar is 6 times its diameter.

The modern lightning rod was invented by the American scientist Benjamin Franklin. Franklin believed that lightning was a phenomenon of electrical discharge. To prove this, he risked being struck by lightning on a thunderstorm day in July 1752 by flying a kite with a long metal wire tied into a thunderstorm cloud and attaching a string of silver keys to the ends of the wire. When the lightning strikes, Franklin's hand approaches the key, and a string of electric sparks erupt from the key. There is also numbness in the hands. Fortunately, the lightning that came down this time was relatively weak, and Franklin was not injured. Note: This test is very dangerous, so don't try it without permission. In 1753, the famous Russian electrician Lichmann was killed by lightning in order to verify Franklin's experiment, which was the first victim of the lightning experiment.

7. When the round bar is connected with the flat bar, its length is 6 times the diameter of the round bar.

8. The lightning protection tower is generally made of round steel or steel pipe, and its diameter should not be less than the following values:

a. The independent lightning protection tower is generally made of galvanized round steel with a diameter of 19mm.

The lightning protection tower on the roof is made of galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 25mm.

c. The lightning protection tower at the top of the water tower is made of galvanized steel pipe with a diameter of 25mm or 40mm

D chimney top lightning protection tower with a diameter of 25mm galvanized round steel or a diameter of 40mm galvanized steel pipe e lightning ring with a diameter of 12mm galvanized round steel or a cross-section of 100mm2 galvanized flat steel, its thickness should be 4mm.

AC gapless metal oxide arresters are used to protect the insulation of AC transmission and transformation equipment from lightning overvoltage and operational overvoltage damage. It is suitable for overvoltage protection of transformers, transmission lines, distribution panels, switchgears, power metering boxes, vacuum switches, shunt compensation capacitors, rotating electrical machines and semiconductor devices. AC gapless metal oxide arrester has excellent nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics, good response characteristics, no freewheeling, large flow capacity, low residual voltage, strong ability to suppress overvoltage, pollution resistance, anti-aging, not constrained by altitude, simple structure, no gap, tight sealing, long life and so on. Under the normal system working voltage, this arrester presents a high resistance state, and only microampere current passes through. Under the action of overvoltage and high current, it presents low resistance, which limits the residual voltage arrester at both ends of the arrester is divided into many kinds, including metal oxide arrester, line metal oxide arrester, backlash line metal oxide arrester, fully insulated composite jacket metal oxide arrester, and detachable arrester.

9. The lightning tower should be made of round steel or welded steel pipe, and its diameter should not be less than the following values: the needle length is less than 1m: the round steel is 12mm, the steel pipe is 20 mm, the needle length is 1-2m: the round steel is 16mm, the steel pipe is 25mm, and the needle on the chimney top: the round steel is 20 mm, and the steel pipe is 40 mm.

The tower is located in the eastern half of the tower park on the north gate street of Kaifeng City, Henan Province, is an important cultural relics in the park, but also the main scenic spot, was built in 1049 A.D. (the first year of the Northern Song Dynasty Emperor), is one of the first national key protected cultural relics announced in China in 1961, known as "the first tower in the world". The iron tower is 55.88 meters high, octagonal thirteen layers, so the place was once Kaibao Temple, also known as "Kaibao Temple Tower", and because of the brown glazed bricks all over the body, mixed like iron casting, from the Yuan Dynasty the folk called it "Iron Tower" [1], in more than 900 years, after 37 earthquakes, 18 gales, 15 floods, and stand majestically.

According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, shortly after a fire broke out when Weiyang Palace and Bailiangtai, which were important palaces at that time, a monk named Yongzhi suggested to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty that "pluters" be installed on the roof of the palace to prevent disasters. After two thousand years, most of the roofs of ancient buildings in our country are installed with this kind of metal tile decoration, some are dragons, some are flying fish and roosters, although they have different shapes, but they all have sharp objects pointing to the sky, although there is no guide line to connect with the ground, but the eaves and walls wet by heavy rain naturally play a role in connecting the ground. Because this type of tile decoration is higher than the building, even if a mine is violently landed, it is usually only a matter of destroying the tile decoration and retaining the main body of the building. Because the lightning rod needs a certain installation height according to the requirements of the protection range, and later on this basis, there is a lightning rod tower, that is, a tower lightning rod (lightning protection tower), which is commonly used in the following specifications: GFL angle steel lightning rod tower, GJT round steel lightning rod tower, GH steel pipe rod lightning rod tower and other forms of metal towers, the right figure shows the GFL series of angle steel lightning rod tower.

According to historical records, the predecessor of Kaifeng Iron Tower is a wooden tower, located in the Fusheng Courtyard of Kaibao Temple, was built in Taiping Xingguo seven years, also said to be 982 AD, built in Song Taizong Duan Gong two years, called the Fusheng Tower, Song Zhenzong Dazhong auspicious charm six years, "there is a golden light out of the phase wheel, the car is lucky, the relics are seen, because of the name of the inspiration tower", it is used by Song Taizong to worship the Ashoka Buddha of Wu Yue Kingdom to pay tribute.

Independent lightning rod refers to the lightning protection device formed by assembling and erecting special towers (such as iron towers) and installing lightning receivers on them without the help of other buildings and structures. The reason for installing an independent lightning rod is to prevent (or reduce) the probability of counterattack discharge to the protected object when the lightning rod is struck by lightning, and for this reason, it is generally recommended that the independent lightning rod adopt an independent grounding device separated from the protected object. For example, the lightning rods erected around the large substation in the open field belong to independent lightning rods. For more details, please refer to the power industry specification DL/T620-1997 "Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination of AC Electrical Installations" independent lightning rods are divided into GFL series, GH series, and GJT series, ranging from more than 10 meters to more than 40 meters.

The arrester is connected between the cable and the earth, usually in parallel with the equipment being protected. The arrester can effectively protect the communication equipment, once there is an abnormal voltage, the arrester will act and play a protective role. When the communication cable or equipment is operating at the normal operating voltage, the arrester will not have an effect and will be considered an open circuit to the ground. Once there is a high voltage and endangers the insulation of the protected equipment, the arrester immediately acts to direct the high voltage impulse current to the ground, thereby limiting the voltage amplitude and protecting the communication cable and equipment insulation. When the overvoltage disappears, the arrester quickly returns to its original state and makes the communication line work normally. Therefore, the main function of lightning arrester is to carry out amplitude to the intrusion flow wave through the action of parallel discharge gap or nonlinear resistance, reduce the overvoltage value of the protected equipment, thereby play the role of protecting communication lines and equipment.

Power surge protector (SPD) is also known as surge arrester, surge protector, surge protector. In today's information age, computer networks and communication equipment are becoming more and more sophisticated, and the requirements of its working environment are getting higher and higher, and lightning and instantaneous overvoltages of large electrical equipment will invade indoor electrical equipment and network equipment more and more frequently through power supplies, antennas, radio signal transceiver equipment and other lines, resulting in damage to equipment or components, casualties, interference or loss of transmitted or stored data, and even misfunction or temporary paralysis of electronic equipment. Systems are stalled, data transmissions are interrupted, and LANs and even WANs are disrupted. The harm is shocking, and the indirect losses are generally far greater than the direct economic losses. A power surge protector is a device that uses modern electricity and other technologies to prevent lightning strikes.