The more Kong Jidao talked, the more excited he became, and the students who went to the second floor of the convenient cafeteria to eat listened to him talk about the academic world, although he didn't seem to understand it, he was also fascinated, and he also felt that it was a very magical thing to be able to focus on one thing for the rest of his life.

After this stop, the students all waited eagerly, waiting for Mr. Kong to continue talking, and for a while they even forgot about their bitter hatred for Mr. Kong.

After taking a bite of the beef pie, Kong Jidao said with a smile: "If you want to say that this Fermat theorem is much more famous than the four-color theorem, you must first talk about this Fermat, who is it! Why is this conjecture named after this person." ”

"Fermat, a French lawyer and amateur mathematician, was no worse than a professional mathematician in mathematics, most interested in number theory, and contributed to the establishment of modern calculus, and was known as the king of amateur mathematicians. ”

Liu Meng immediately felt funny when he heard it, isn't Fermat just a soy sauce player in the kingdom of mathematics, and he has made such an outstanding contribution, he can be regarded as a big bull in the soy sauce party.

I still remember when I was bored reading the post before, I saw a joke about Fermat, saying that Newton and Leibniz were arguing about a calculus topic, at this time Fermat came over with a bottle, because Fermat is also very authoritative in the field of calculus, the two of them asked Fermat for advice together, and asked him to comment, these two are great gods, how dare Fermat talk nonsense, but he waved his hand, held the bottle and said: "I'm here to play soy sauce." ”

However, in the field of scientific research, it is really strange, except for this amateur mathematician. There is also a emperor who is also a soy sauce party, and that is Albert Einstein, who is a patent examiner at the right time. Liu Meng often laughs at himself, he is also a soy sauce party in the kingdom of mathematics, but he is quite similar to Einstein, and he has the most contact with patents.

"Fermat, born on August 17, 16o1 in Toulouse, in the south of France. Although Fermat was not a child prodigy, he was also quite smart, and what is even more rare. Fermat studied very hard, and he was not bad at liberal arts and science, but. My favorite homework is math. ”

"In 17th-century France, the most important profession for men was to be lawyers, therefore. It became fashionable for men to study law. At his father's behest, Fermat became a lawyer, a full-time job he continued ever since, and mathematics remained his hobby. ”

"Fermat never received a special education in mathematics in his life, and the study of mathematics was a hobby. However, there is no mathematician in 17th-century France who can match him: he was one of the masters of analytic geometry, second only to Newton and Leibniz in his contribution to the birth of calculus, the main founder of probability theory, and the man who singled out the world of number theory in the 17th century. Furthermore. Fermat also made important contributions to physics. Fermat, a generation of mathematical geniuses, can be called the greatest French mathematician of the 17th century. ”

"Fermat developed the basic principles of analytic geometry independently of Descartes. Before 1629, Fermat had begun to rewrite the lost Plane Trajectory of the ancient Greek geometer Apollonius in the third century BC. In 163o he wrote an eight-page treatise in Latin, "Introduction to Planes and Solid Trajectories". It is these eight pages that show Fermat's present, and each equation corresponds to a trajectory, which can depict a straight line or curve. The book also discusses the equations of lines and circles in general, as well as hyperbolas, ellipses, and parabolas. ”

"In the 16th and 17th centuries, calculus was the most brilliant jewel after analytic geometry. Newton and Leibniz are known to be the creators of calculus, and before that, at least dozens of scientists had done foundational work on the clarity of calculus. But among the many pioneers, Fermat is still worth mentioning, and he made a significant contribution to calculus by establishing methods for finding tangents, maximums and minima, and definite integrals. ”

The students sitting there nodded their heads one after another, nodded and began to grit their teeth, it turned out that the tangent, extreme, and definite integrals in "Advanced Mathematics" were found by this old boy, which caused us to study hard, and the final exam was still hanging, thinking of this stubble, I couldn't help but cast a hateful look at Kong Jidao who was dancing with his eyebrows, but I was still very interested in listening to the following, and saw how many achievements Fermat, an amateur math practitioner, had made!

As early as the ancient Greek period, the question of the relationship between chance and necessity aroused the interest and debate of many philosophers, and in the early 16th century, the first problem of probability theory was to study the opportunity of the dice game used for gambling and explore the division of bets. By the 17th century, Fermat considered 16 possible outcomes for four gambles, and all but one of the outcomes in which the opponent won in all four gambles, the first gambler won and the probability of the first gambler winning was derived. ”

A classmate in the audience couldn't help but ask: "Does Fermat like to gamble money?" He studied probability theory, and if he wins money every time, will Fermat's leg be broken by the casino owner?"

Liu Meng also laughed, saying that it was not uncommon for mathematical geniuses to use the knowledge they had learned to sweep the casino.

In the 90s of the 20th century, a group of college students from MIT, one of the most famous universities in the world, put a lot of their brain power into an extracurricular activity - gambling, especially playing "blackjack". Using the mathematical principles they mastered, they managed to beat the dealer.

And they set up an organization called "Blackjack" in the 9o's, regularly going to casinos in Las Vegas and winning a lot of money.

The Blackjack organization uses a method called card counting, which allows players to know which card is in their favor when the dealer is dealing. If savvy players know which cards are out and which are still in the shoe, they will keep "crunching" and roughly estimating how many "high cards" are left in the shoe. Once the calculator calculates that the shoebox is "high", they start making big bets until the calculator shows that the situation is not in their favor.

MIT college students weren't the first players to count cards. But they use mathematical methods, combined with advanced computer simulation systems. They have reached the point of perfection in their deception. They specialize in prescribing several computer programs, formulating the best plan for a particular situation, and then using the experience they have gained in practice to upgrade the program.

The practice of counting cards is not illegal. Nor is it considered fraud. However, because casinos are private establishments, they can shut out anyone they deem a threat to the casino, regardless of whether they break the law or not.

The casino employs a professional security agency that puts them in charge of monitoring potential frauds and card calculators. The MIT Blackjack organization knew that their behavior was banned by the casino, so they used different pseudonyms to evade security surveillance.

By the end of the '90s, the casino's security agencies were targeting the MIT students. These agencies are responsible for tracking players who are not popular with them for many casinos in Las Vegas. And take pictures of these people. Soon, the security guards of all the casinos in Las Vegas began to recognize the members of the Blackjack organization, who could no longer enter the casinos.

Of course. It is said that the owners of the casino first kindly invited the math geniuses to a cup of coffee, and gave them a large sum of money to stop going again, because they opened casinos to make money. You math nerves can't be used as ATMs. If you don't have any money, you'll go get two!

Of course, Uncle Sam thinks that what he is best at is the policy of candy and sticks, and he gives candy here, and wields a stick in his hand there, so he agrees or disagrees, and if he really doesn't agree, he can only find someone to kill you scourge.

Liu Meng himself has a deep mathematical attainment. When I was researching the Sitapan conjecture, I saw such a news. At that time, I secretly calculated in my heart that if I spent a while researching, I would be able to build an advanced simulation system for gambling games, and it would be easy to win occasionally, but if I wanted to make a career out of it, I was afraid that I would soon become an unpopular person in the casino.

If you're lucky, the casino will give you a sum of money to get out, and if you're unlucky, I'm afraid you'll disappear into the world silently.

Kong Jidao was very dissatisfied with the student who asked this question, and said angrily: "With Mr. Fermat's love for mathematics and noble character, how can he use what he has learned in gambling, let alone study probability theory in order to win money, this qiē is just because of interest, interest is the best teacher, understand?"

Liu Meng smiled secretly in his heart, if he went to the United States, he really wanted to try his skills in Las Vegas, Mr. Kong said this, he disagreed with ten thousand, he can't because Fermat has achieved so much, he suddenly elevated his personality and became a saint, on the contrary, Liu Meng thinks that the more vulgar people are, the more people who pursue selfish desires, the stronger the motivation, the more unexpected achievements can be achieved.

The reprimanded student was a girl, stuck out her tongue, and hurriedly buried her head in eating, Kong Jidao still glared at her fiercely, mathematics was like a pure goddess in his eyes, this female classmate said this, it was like forcing her goddess to go out to pick up customers to make money, it was a great insult to Kong Jidao.

I really didn't expect Mr. Kong to be so angry, although Liu Meng disagreed, but he respected Mr. Kong's purity, people of his age mostly maintain a pious attitude towards faith, and today's young people, on the contrary, are giggling and not taking it seriously.

"Why should the teacher be angry, this classmate just said casually, Fermat's predecessors would never be so profane about their love for mathematics, please continue to talk about it, we are all looking forward to it, wait and see." Liu Meng smiled and comforted.

Kong Jidao was still panting angrily, and he could see that he was indeed very angry, so that his chest rose and fell, and his anger was attacking, and after calming down, he continued: " The above achievements are just Mr. Fermat's nothing to do, he is really interested in number theory, known as the 17th century number theory of the world, the achievements are really earth-shattering ghosts and gods, hehe, this is quite similar to you, number theory seems to be born sensitive, at a young age to solve the Sitapan conjecture, maybe, you are our Chinese Fermat. ”

Liu Meng thought about it, it was really impossible.

"Mr. Fermat's achievements in number theory are innumerable, such as our common Pythagorean theorem can actually be regarded as a special case, the most important of which is the emergence of the second pair of affinity numbers, people talk about friendship, interestingly, there is a similar relationship between numbers, mathematicians call a pair of numbers with special relations zài as affinity numbers. As the saying goes, soulmates are hard to find, and finding affinity numbers makes mathematicians rack their brains. Affinity number is a small flower in the kingdom of number theory, which has a long modern history and beautiful and moving legends. ”

"Affinity numbers are an ancient number. In ancient times, there was a special relationship between certain natural numbers: if the sum of all the factors of any one of them is equal to the other number, then the two numbers are said to be a pair of affinity numbers. The first pair of affinities is 22o and 284, for example, the sum of the factors 1, 2, 4, 5, 1o, 11, 2o, 22, 44, 55, and 11o in addition to itself is 284, and the sum of the factors 1, 2, 4, 71, and 142 in addition to itself of 284 is 22o. ”

It is said that one of Pythagoras's disciples asked him the question: "When I make friends, is it useful to save the number of zài?" and Pythagoras replied without hesitation: "Friends are the shadow of your soul, as intimate as 22o and 284." And he said, "What do you mean by a friend?" like these two numbers, one is you and the other is me. Later, the Bi school propagandized that friendship between people is also "love for each other". From now on, 22o and 284 are called "affinity numbers" or "friend numbers" or "blind date numbers".

A classmate couldn't help laughing when he heard this: "There are still people who love each other, isn't it the same as people?"

Kong Jidao glared and said: "Everything in the world can be regarded as evolving from numbers, and can be described by numbers, if you study hard, you will know how interesting mathematics is, and it is much more fun than those boring computer games." ”

Liu Meng nodded, it is true, if you like mathematics, if you study it to a certain extent, you will see the beauty of mathematics, it is indeed very fun, I am afraid that Fermat just regards mathematics as a pastime in his spare time.

The girl who said the wrong thing before was fascinated by it, and couldn't help asking: "Then there is really only one pair of affinity numbers in the natural number?" As soon as the words came out, she remembered that Kong Jidao said before that one of Fermat's contributions to number theory was the emergence of the second pair of affinity numbers, and she couldn't help but stick out her tongue. (To be continued......)

ps: Affinity numbers are really fun, and you will find it fun when you delve into them.

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