In China, academic misconduct is a more common problem than politics. The use of scientific research funds for daily expenses is already an unspoken rule, and unlike the government, there are very few institutions that manage and supervise academic expenditures.

Academician Zou Chenglu once cited an academic person, saying that this gentleman has published 1,500 papers in 30 years, an average of one per week, and his person just doesn't do anything, and he doesn't have time to copy papers, which is really incredible.

Foreigners are not more ethical, and researchers at the University of Edinburgh conducted a statistical analysis of 21 academic misconduct surveys conducted in the United Kingdom between 1986 and 2005 found that one in seven researchers knew that colleagues had violated academic norms, such as falsifying scientific research results, and about 46% of scientists reported that the behaviour of some of their colleagues in academic research was "questionable", such as "selectively" reporting research numbers. Revision of research conclusions due to pressure from research funders, etc.

A beautiful Japanese researcher is even more famous, and her paper that creates fake numbers and images almost goes to the Nobel Prize, is an example of trying to cheat academic funds and accidentally going over the top.

Of course, in the early 80s, Chinese academia was even more loosely regulated. For the sake of "scientific progress", in order to save time and research funds, it is also common for researchers to falsify scientific results under pressure from political figures.

However, when the emperor's new clothes are not dismantled, they are new clothes, and if they are dismantled, it is a scandal, and the same is true of the output of 10,000 catties per mu and academic misconduct.

Yang Rui is not sure whether Li Xin will really cheat academically, but light industry-related papers are also very difficult, there will be a lot of calculations, a lot of physics and chemistry, much more than the amount of tasks to write winter vacation homework, and to put it bluntly, not every researcher's calculation level is passable.

Li Xin is in his Chinese New Year's Eve, that is, born in the 50s, and spent his primary and secondary schools basically in the revolution, in this case, he can complete his graduate education, obviously with many times the effort, or dozens of times the resources of ordinary people.

Yang Rui didn't look for anyone to help, and he looked for Li Xin's paper under the entry of East China Institute of Textile Technology.

The library at Peking University was well organized, which took Yang Rui some effort, but he still found three papers published in three Chinese journals.

After three years as a graduate student, he published three papers, which is a very good result, no wonder Li Xin wants to continue to do academics.

Yang Rui nodded. Most of the graduate students in later generations started to do research in the second year, and only those who are more powerful and meet powerful supervisors can start from the first year, so the graduate students of later generations will publish one or two papers in three years, with the goal of getting a SCI paper.

Graduate students in the 80s were actually later, they often needed to make up for classes in the first year of graduate school, and attend classes in the second year of graduate school, but fortunately, they didn't have to look for a job, there was always about a year and a half of research time, and three papers were quite good grades.

Yang Rui borrowed three periodicals and roughly flipped through them first.

In the 80s, the domestic journal evaluation system was very chaotic, but the number of journals was still small, and the overall number was high-end.

Li Xin's papers are all in good position, and all three of them are real papers on amorphous metals. Amorphous metal is actually metallic glass, which was a hot topic in the 80s, and it is indeed a very good direction to continue research with a doctorate.

However, when Yang Rui read the paper specifically, he found a problem in the meantime.

In two of the three papers, the number jù is the same real yàn.

This is actually very easy to understand, some of them are time-consuming, laborious and costly, and the success rate is also small, so it is not easy to make it, and you definitely want to make full use of it.

However, there are many ways to use it, and it is the most legitimate procedure to study and cite the previous article, but on the other hand, once the previous article is cited, the originality of the paper is greatly reduced, and the probability of rejection is high when encountering strict or unserious reviewers.

For example, the inventor of PCR, Muris, whose first PCR paper was published in Nature, was redone in depth after that, but was rejected by Science because he did not explain the difference from the paper published in Nature, and finally had to go to Enzymatic Methods.

In order to reduce the chance of rejection, many authors of papers do not cite the previous text of the same truth.

It's a gray area, unpopular, but it does exist.

The reviewer has not read every paper, every paper remembers, even if he finds out that it is rejected, in fact, there is not much trouble, and the reviewer is not an academic policeman, even if he talks a few words, it will not be good.

Only a few countries will have strict academic management, but even so, scholars are so busy with such high-end academic things, and it is difficult to achieve real strict management.

Moreover, many scholars are not afraid of punishment, and it is a big deal to quit their jobs and work in private companies. In the 80s, in China's environment, a researcher with an average level may not be able to mix well in Beijing, but as long as he is willing to leave Beijing, the whole country is full of places to go, and there will still be many local companies to recruit, so it is more cost-effective to grasp the current situation and quickly improve his title and reputation than the weak punishment of academic misconduct.

Li Xin obviously took a small shortcut.

He did not cite his previous paper, thus making his second paper a completely new one.

Yang Rui read them carefully and quickly understood why.

Li Xin's two articles are fundamentally the same.

That's a lot more than two articles using a real yàn.

After determining this point, Yang Rui took out a pen and paper and calculated it silently.

After a while, the secrets of Li Xin's two papers were revealed, which were nothing more than a number game.

The first paper discusses the success rate, the second paper discusses the failure rate, the first paper does the function curve, and the second paper is replaced by a table.

If you don't look closely, you will think that he is overusing it, and if you look closely, it is actually a rewriting of a paper.

Of course, this is much easier than doing it once, and maybe you can save money to eat a few good meals.

"If it is reported, it will at least be an internal scandal. Yang Rui thought about it, put away the three periodicals, and prepared to borrow them to read again, which was naturally another privilege he had in the library.

When Yang Rui picked up the third journal, he suddenly thought: This product was successful once, why did he write a completely different paper? If the paper is true, why don't you reuse it again?

The so-called dog can't change the ****, Li Xin's current means are still relatively fresh skills, and he finally learned it, and it's a pity to use it only once.

Yang Rui then sat down, reopened the third paper, and carefully "tasted".

As a Chinese graduate student, you must have the ability to distinguish between true and false papers, especially the number of papers published in Chinese journals and the results, and don't use them if you can, otherwise you will be building your thesis on sand. And if you are preparing the cost of the essay yourself, it is even more so, you can't build sand on sand, it will collapse too quickly.

Compared with the cost methods of later generations, Li Xin's methods are much more traditional and classic.

Yang Rui quickly found a beautiful real yàn line from his real yàn number.

It's so beautiful that it fits perfectly with the paper.

"Looks like we'll have to find someone to redo the paper. Yang Rui's mind turned, and he thought of Wei Zhenxue.

……