Recently, it's too professional, but it's also very necessary, and it's done, when you're a liberal arts girl, you can take it out and show off, and it looks more cultured. The fat man also spent a lot of brain cells, trying to say it as plain and interesting as possible.

……

Andrew Wiles was born in Cambridge, England in 1953 to a professor of engineering. As a teenager, Wiles was already fascinated by mathematics. In his later recollections, he wrote: "At school I liked to do problems, and I took them home and wrote them into my own new problems. But the best topics I've ever found are in our community library. ”

One day, little Wiles saw a book in the library on Milton Street, and the book had only one question and no answer, and Wiles was intrigued. Wiles3o years later recalled the feeling of being led to Fermat's theorem: "It seems so simple, but all the great mathematicians in history have failed to solve it." Here is exactly what a 1o year old can understand, and from that moment on, I know that I will never give it up. I had to fix it. ”

It was the culmination of a boyhood dream and 8 years of hard work, and Wiles finally proved his talent to the world. The world no longer doubts the proof this time. These two papers, with a total of 13o pages, are the most thoroughly verified mathematical manuscripts in history, and they were published in the May 1995 issue of the Annals of Mathematics.

Wiles was once again on the front page of the New York Times with the headline "Mathematicians Say Classic Mystery Solved." Prestige and honor poured in. In 1995, Wiles received the Schok Prize in Mathematics from the Royal Swedish Society, and in 1996. He received the Wolf Prize and was elected a Foreign Member of the National Academy of Sciences.

Wiles said, "There is no other problem that has the same meaning to me as Fermat's theorem." I have such a rare privilege. In my adult life, fulfilling my childhood dreams, that exceptionally long period of exploration has come to an end. My heart has been at peace. ”

The story of Fermat's theorem can finally come to an end. This Fermat's theorem, which can be understood by middle school students, heroes from all walks of life, some retreat, some are ashamed of their powerlessness, and some only grasp one scale and half a claw with all their might, and even the almighty computer is helpless.

Kong Jidao's face flushed and said excitedly: "However, we must not only see its difficulties, but also see the meaning behind the difficulties. Fermat's theorem is a goose that lays golden eggs: because of it, it expands the application of the infinite descending method and imaginary numbers, gives birth to Kummer's ideal number theory, promotes the verification of the Model conjecture and the Taniyama-Shimura conjecture, expands the application of group theory, deepens the study of elliptic equations, finds the growth point of differential geometry in number theory, and promotes the overall development and research of mathematics. ”

"Fermat's theorem has given rise to a number of heavyweight mathematicians, which is a real fact and a real power. Only when a nation has some people who pay attention to the sky can they have hope, but if a nation only cares about the things under its feet and only cares about its money bags, it has no future. ”

Fermat's theorem was finally finished, and Kong Jidao said sternly: "The vast majority of our students in China have spent twelve years of their lives. Six years of primary school, six years of middle school, serious study of mathematics, we only know that mathematics is an exam. It is a stepping stone to the door of college, and since I entered college, this thing has been regarded as the most painful experience in our lives. Deleted. ”

The student who had been listening to the lecture said sincerely, "I have always disliked studying mathematics, but. After listening to Mr. Kong's "Fermat's Great Theorem", I knew. It turns out that mathematics is so charming, its charm is so radiant, attracting so many people with outstanding intelligence to sacrifice their lives, and the whole history of mathematics is a magnificent epic. ”

Another classmate also said: "At this time, I learned the beauty of mathematics, any monument in the field of human knowledge and intelligence, never built with a strong purpose, every brick and every tile is piled up by interest, interest not only leads to the final success, but also lights up every brick, every tile, every person's life." ”

Kong Jidao looked at Liu Meng deeply, and said sonorously: "If you have a great goal, you have a strong purpose, but you lack interest, you will achieve nothing. ”

Seeing that the time was almost up, Kong Jidao stood up and spoke for almost two hours, which was equivalent to taking a big class, Kong Jidao's face was ruddy, but he was panting, and he had a feeling that he was overwhelmed, and he was about to leave when he greeted Liu Meng.

The students listened to the magnificent mathematical epic, as if it was the rising peak of human intelligence, just like the continuous pursuit of the fastest degree within 100 meters on the track and field, or the world is competing to build the tallest building, always competing for this first person.

The students couldn't help but say, "Mr. Kong, we are all fascinated by what we heard, didn't we say that there are three conjectures? You have only talked about two, and we want to continue listening." ”

Kong Jidao took a few deep breaths, his face calmed down, and said: "Hehe, the reason why I don't talk about this last conjecture is because this conjecture has not been solved, and everyone must know that the last unsolved conjecture is the famous Goldbach conjecture, and the biggest progress is the 1+2 made by Mr. Chen Jingrun, a mathematician in China, in 1966. Nearly 5o years have passed, and no progress has been made, but a little further and this conjecture will be solved. ”

There were many liberal arts students present, and one of them shouted, "Isn't it 1+1? I have heard my parents talk about this allusion since I was a child, and everyone said so." ”

Kong Jidao's strange expression flashed in his eyes, and he replied: "It's all just a rumor, and the correct way to say it should be 1+2." ”

"Mr. Kong, you can tell us about it, how Goldbach guessed that it became 1+2, isn't 1+2 just 3, what is there to prove this? ”

Many students have responded, and indeed in everyone's memory, they all know what Chen Jingrun proved 1+1 and became a world-renowned mathematician, but they are all very strange, what is there to prove about 1+1.

The surrounding classmates refused to give way. I want to hear Mr. Kong talk about it again, and everyone knows that Mr. Kong is the last class. In fact, there is no sense of loss in my heart, Mr. Kong is an indispensable symbol of the career of the Basic School. The students who entered Bingcheng University of Technology were basically destroyed by Mr. Kong, but after graduation, in retrospect, they all missed this period of youth when they studied "Advanced Mathematics" hard.

It's not so much that I want to listen to Kong Jidao talk about Goldbach's conjecture, but that I feel that I can no longer hear Mr. Kong's class, and I remember his demeanor again.

Kong Jidao pondered for a moment and said, "Okay, it's not too early to come." Liu Meng and I still have some things to talk about, since everyone has a misunderstanding of 1+2 or 1+1, then I will talk about what the Goldbach conjecture is all about. ”

The students were calm and curious, and they were all curious to solve this misunderstanding that had been in zài since childhood.

In a letter to Euler in 1742, Goldbach proposed the following conjecture: Any integer greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two prime numbers. What does a prime number mean? Also known as a prime number, there are infinitely many of them, meaning a natural number greater than 1, except for 1 and itself. Not divisible by other natural numbers, such as 2, 3, 5, 71, 73, 79, 241, 991, etc., are prime numbers. ”

Goldbach himself came up with the problem, but he could not prove it himself, so he wrote to the famous mathematician Euler to help prove it. You say that this Euler is also unlucky, because his reputation in the mathematical community is too high, whether it is Fermat's theorem or Goldbach's conjecture. Everyone expected him to solve it, but until he died. Euler was also unable to prove either of these conjectures. ”

"Because of odd numbers, such as 3 = 1 + 2, 9 = 2 + 7, 21 = 2 + 19, etc., it can easily be proved that they can be represented by two prime numbers. Therefore, in his reply, Euler proposed another equivalent version of Goldbach's conjecture, that any even number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two prime numbers. Goldbach's conjecture is common today as Euler's version. ”

"This conjecture is the same as Fermat's theorem, like a dog biting a hedgehog, there is no way to say it, there are four ways to study the Goldbach conjecture of even numbers, the most important and most commonly used is the method of prime, what is this prime?"

"The so-called prime number is an odd integer whose number of prime factors is nothing more than a fixed constant. For example, 15 = 3x5 has 2 prime factors, 19 has 1 prime factor, 27 = 3x3x3 has 3 prime factors, and 45 = 3x3x5 has 3 prime factors. ”

In this way, an even number n greater than 2, although it cannot prove that n is the sum of two prime numbers, is enough to prove that it can be written as the sum of two prime numbers a and b, that is, n = a + b, and further think that the number of prime factors of a and b is only a and b respectively, obviously, Goldbach's conjecture can be written in the form of 1 + 1, so the public does not understand, I don't know where to know about Goldbach's conjecture, so they shout 1 + 1, and when it is passed to the back, it becomes proof that 1 + 1 = 2, which misleads you, this thing 1+1=2 What's the matter? ”

"In 192o, Norway's Brown proved the form of 9+9; in 1956, China's Wang Yuan proved the form of 3+4, and later proved the two forms of 3+3 and 2+3; in 1966, it was the mathematician Chen Jingrun of China who proved the form of 1+2, which must be well known to everyone, and if it can be further solved. ”

Kong Jidao straightened his voice and said loudly: "The biggest progress of Goldbach's conjecture has always been completed by our Chinese mathematicians, and I believe that this conjecture must eventually fall into our country, then, we will also have a real world-class mathematician in China, who will remain in history, and I will not repeat the specific exhibition process with you, I think one day, Liu Meng will tell you about this process in detail." ”

At this moment, the students all looked at Liu Meng quietly, but their hearts were warm, according to the law of mathematics under forty years old, they all seemed to think that they could finally solve the Goldbach conjecture, and compared with Wiles, only Liu Meng was the only one.

A rush of blood boiled. (To be continued......)

ps: I must have read this chapter, everyone knows what 1+1 is that I was familiar with when I was a child, but don't talk nonsense. It's still very tall to show off in front of the girls.

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