Chapter 114: The King of Difficult Births
Without the obstacles made by Austria, the London Peace Conference moved in favour of the Kingdom of Prussia. On September 1, 1867, an armistice was signed between Prussia and Denmark.
There was no way to cut the land, and the two Duchyes of Schleswig-Holstein were eaten by Prussia, so naturally it was impossible to spit it out.
There is no need to think about the reparations, and the Kingdom of Denmark has a new backstage - the Nordic Federation. This still forming state, although not as strong as the Kingdom of Prussia, has no problem protecting itself.
The Swedes did not win the Duchy of Schleswig-Holstein, mainly because they feared that Denmark would be too strong for their control of the country.
In addition, Karl XV of Sweden wanted to annex Finland, which would have to stand on the opposite side of the Russians, and then there would be a conflict with Prussia, and the pressure on defense would be too great.
Even so, Sweden helped Denmark ask for a symbolic amount of compensation, about 2 million Aegis, which took care of the Danish emotions.
This is all small money, and no matter how poor the Kingdom of Prussia is, it does not lack this little money. In order to settle the bag as soon as possible, the Berlin government readily agreed.
Because of the presence of a common enemy, the Russians, the forthcoming Nordic Confederation of Prussia will have a lot in common. If it weren't for the Danish invasion, the Swedish government would have fallen into the trap of the Russians a long time ago.
In this respect, Prussia's abandonment of Jutland in exchange for an ally was a good deal.
The foundation of the Russian Empire was too thick, and even if it was weakened, no one dared to despise them.
If they continue to decline, it will be fine, in case the Russians become strong again, and the Kingdom of Prussia will bear the brunt of it.
It was necessary to plan ahead, and with one more Nordic Confederation to restrain the Russians in the north, Prussia would be much less stressed.
For this, none of the Skagerrak (Jutland) Kingdom of Prussia made a claim.
Of course, Prussia's pocket-sized navy was also one of the reasons for the Berlin government to abandon it. With their current naval strength, it would be useless to occupy it.
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After the signing of the Prussian-Danish armistice, the tsarist government also made concessions. On September 26, 1867, an armistice treaty was signed between Prussia, Poland and Russia.
This time the Russians were hemorrhagic and recognized the independence of Poland as inevitable, and the tsarist government was forced to accept almost all of the territorial claims of the two countries.
Poland became independent, Lithuania was lost, Latvia was abandoned, Belarus was not saved, and Ukraine was cut off a piece of meat.
This is already beyond the scope of Russian Poland, the total area of the territory lost is close to 790,000 square kilometers, the total population is as high as 20 million, and the total amount of industry is suddenly reduced by nearly three layers.
At the end of the 18th century, the Russians received the largest share of about 460,000 square kilometers in the partition of Poland, and at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, they received part of the territorial compensation of Prussian Poland. (Warsaw area)
Combined, these territories are less than 600,000 square kilometers, and now they have lost their money with interest, which is enough for Alexander II to suffer for a long time.
Concessions were made on the cession of land, and the tsarist government would naturally not give the reparations. Prussia and Poland, which wanted to survive the financial crisis with war reparations, miscalculated this time.
The money of the tsarist government was also to be used to suppress the rebellion, and Alexander II did not dare to let his guard down in this regard.
The threat posed by Prussia and Poland was only a minor problem, similar to a cold and a cold; The threat posed by the rebels is cancer, although it is still in its early stages, and if it is not treated in time, it will kill people.
The lesser of both worlds is harmed, so naturally you can only compromise with Pubo first. The land will not run away, even if it is ceded out, and they can get it back when they are sick.
Money is different, there is no way to suppress the rebellion without money, and the rule of the tsarist government will be threatened if it does not take out the rebellious party.
According to the terms of the treaty, the Kingdom of Prussia would receive the regions of Lithuania, Latvia, and most of Belarus, with a total area of 286,000 square kilometers and a total population of about 4.7 million.
Poland, on the other hand, received the remaining area, with a total area of about 504,000 square kilometers, including the Warsaw region, the core of Poland, parts of Belarus, most of Western Ukraine, and the border line extended to the Kiev region.
Apparently this time the Russians lost a lot of money, even the Smolensk region, which is only 360 kilometers from Moscow.
It was occupied by the Poles in 1611 and was considered an old Polish territory in negotiations, including the Belarusian region.
It was not that the tsarist government was weak, but that it was actually occupied by the enemy, which created an established fact. Unless force is used, it will not be taken back.
Most of the ceded land was actually controlled by the enemy, and they recovered a lot of territory through negotiations, and in the winter battle, the Russian army lost too much territory to the enemy, causing them to have no confidence in the negotiations.
The newly independent Kingdom of Poland inherited Russia's legacy and became a newly rising European power with a population of more than 15 million, about the size of the pre-war Kingdom of Prussia.
Although the industry is not very good, the agricultural base is still good. The land is basically plain areas, and it is not a problem to farm and become well-off.
However, this did not satisfy the Provisional Government. In the maritime era, how can you be embarrassed to call yourself a big country without access to the sea?
Well, independence has just been achieved, and the Poles have already begun to dream of great power.
Theoretically, Poland still has a basis for its rise. Although the total population is not high, they have a high birth rate.
The industrial scale is not large, but the Russians have left a lot of important industrial systems, and integrating them can save a lot of time.
Indigenous resources are abundant to meet the needs of the early stage of the industrial revolution. Some minerals are also abundant, such as silver, so you don't have to worry about currency.
If there is a surplus of grain, it can also be exported in exchange for foreign exchange to develop the domestic economy.
This is only theoretical, but in practice, the biggest flaw is the lack of "talent". Do not count on the intellectuals left to them by the tsarist government, who are basically on the revolutionary road and ready to make a big political move.
Many intellectuals are spraying the sky, the earth, and the universe, and they are sorry that their practical ability has not been cultivated.
Of course, there are occasional exceptions, but there are too few. The second industrial revolution has begun, and what a country needs is a large number of knowledgeable and skilled engineers.
In terms of the quality of the population, the German region currently has an advantage. At present, the countries that have completed compulsory education are concentrated in Germany.
Compulsory education is not universal in Britain and France, let alone other countries. Reading is the preserve of the wealthy, and church schools occasionally teach civilians, but this is not enough.
Only then did the country become independent, and the Poles had not yet floated. Despite their dissatisfaction with Prussia over the issue of access to the sea, the two sides did not tear their faces.
The Kingdom of Poland is still short of a king, and everyone is still worried about the king's problems.
According to Polish tradition, it is necessary to find the king outside, and several major kings in the German region are alternatives.
There are so many issues to consider, as well as the diplomatic game of various countries, the Polish parliament is currently in a fierce quarrel, and the Polish king may be in a difficult birth.
At present, it is clearly added to the battle for the throne that is King Wilhelm I of Prussia, and once Poland and Prussia are co-king, the Prussian union will be possible.
Theoretically, it would be in the interests of both countries to form a federal empire. They face a common threat - Russia and Austria.
These two enemies are too strong to be opponents alone, and only by joining forces can they have the strength to fight against them.
Obviously, this is only theoretical. The question of who is the boss is a headache, and Poland's illustrious history has become the biggest obstacle to this alliance.
Before the Russian threat disappeared, the Polish Provisional Government needed the help of the Prussians and almost compromised with the Berlin government, but the international environment at that time did not allow it.
France and Austria did not want to see the Prussian-Polish merger and issued stern warnings. At the critical moment of the war, the Berlin government did not dare to offend France and Austria, and this plan ended in nothing.
At that time, it was all reluctant, but now that the real threat is gone, the Poles are even more reluctant to be the little brothers.
Of course, the call for the union of the two countries has always been very high, and the support rate of Wilhelm I as the king of Poland is still not low.
However, the candidate with the highest support rating was kicked out from the start.
At the same time, it was strongly opposed by France, Austria and Russia, and even if the Polish parliament unanimously supported it, Wilhelm I did not dare to sit on this king.
If the two countries were merged, Wilhelm I would have dared to take the risk of trying. Just the re-monarch was about to be opposed by the three great powers, and Wilhelm I was still very cowardly.
It is not only his problem, but the key is that the Polish parliament is even more intimidating. Faced with the intervention of the great powers, they did not dare to vote.
Of course, the Berlin government has not completely given up, and now there are endless disputes in the Polish parliament, largely due to them.
In this joint Prussian-Polish anti-Russian war, the Kingdom of Prussia also took advantage of the situation to complete the infiltration of Poland, and now there are more than eight layers of officers and soldiers in the Polish army, all of whom have been trained by Prussian instructors.
The pro-Prussian forces in Poland were also very strong, and although everyone did not want to be Prussia's younger brother, it did not mean that everyone rejected Wilhelm I as the king of Poland.
With such a big advantage, the Prussians naturally had to fight for it. Declaring defeat without making an effort is not their style.
The international opposition is strong, mainly in Austria. The attitude of the Russian Empire can now be almost ignored, and until they end the civil war, they will not have the time to interfere with the Polish throne.
The British did not explicitly support and oppose it, which can be considered neutral. There are a large number of small European countries, most of whom are opposed, but their opinions are not important.
The acquisition of the Polish throne was crucial for Prussia's annexation of Poland. If they couldn't get their hands on it, they preferred to leave the Polish throne vacant first.