"Mr. Qiongshan Haigong Gangfeng Taijian:

Mr. Jiu admired his name and has not been met so far, this student has regretted for many years. Although the students are late in school, Mr. Su Zhi is loyal and bright, and the world believes in him. However, Mr. Yikao's politics have not been stopped, and it is really a strange thing. In the past, his uncle Xin Zheng Gao Wenzheng once said privately: "Qiongshan should sit in the town of elegance and vulgarity, and should not be bothered by civil affairs, and be honest and honest, and sign the Department of Discipline and Discipline." Now it is also a place for the world, and the world is very fortunate.

Mr. Wen presided over the southern investigation, and the upright people of the Manchu Dynasty were encouraged by it. Although students send private letters, they do not dare to speak privately.

Today's northwest is peaceful and the world is eventful. The feudal domains waited and watched, doubting the use of the imperial court to open the domain; Hesitant in various places, taking advantage of the private interests of wealthy businessmen and resisting taxes.

The former student said that he was a taxman, neither owned by the imperial court nor by His Majesty, and this wealth was taken from the people and used by the people.

The students are stupid, thinking that there is no distinction between the north and the south in the world, there is no other household registration, and every household has the responsibility to pay taxes. Those who remember their poverty may pay less and pay less; Whoever finds out who is rich will do more than he can. This is not against the foundation of the capable, but also the huge difference between the rich and the poor, isn't it the ancient sages who never forget?

Mr. should know that the students have learned a lot from the practice of the world, so they have asked for tax payment several times over the years, not to mention ten times that of others. However, today's court officials, there are not many people involved in business in their families, but how many people are willing to pay this business tax?

In the northern provinces, students are forced by Jinghua to lure them, and now more than eight or nine out of ten people are willing to pay business taxes. In the provinces south of the Yangtze River, the students were beyond the reach of the whip, and they were really unable to order them to do it, but they were slandered and slandered, and they were imprisoned several times.

Student Su Xin: The official is an official, not especially distinguished and respected, but proud of contribution; A scholar is not proud of his knowledge, but should be proud of his virtue.

Since Mr. Jin is the main observer of the south, he hopes to be cautious and not only to observe his greed and non-greed, diligence and industriousness, ability and inability, but also to observe his virtue and immorality.

The constitution of the plan is in place, and there is no room for discussion. However, although the legislation is good, those who follow the law may not be exhausted. The gentleman's voice resounded in the sea, and it was expected that he would be painstakingly lonely and lonely, so that the seemingly loyal traitors would not escape the law of the country, and that the diligent and virtuous would not be dethroned by the awards. In this way, although the students are thousands of miles away, they should be the head of the south to worship Mr. Houguo's virtue.

Nian Zi is sincerely afraid. I don't know what to say.

After the end of school, Gengchen is on the list of new Zheng boys, and he is pragmatic. ”

This private letter written by Gao Pragmatic to Hai Rui was delivered to Nanjing at a very fast speed, not only quickly, but also at an extremely accurate time - Hai Rui had just learned that he was going to be the main inspector of Nancha, and Gao Pragmatic's private letter was then sent in.

Even Hai Jui, who is known for his integrity, knows that this faith is anything but ordinary. This means that Gao pragmatic not only has a transportation channel that is comparable to the speed of the transfer of imperial documents, but also knows exactly when and where every official letter he wants to know the location will arrive.

However, Hai Jui doesn't care about that.

Gao pragmatic, a young descendant, is probably still a relatively positive image in Hai Rui's eyes. Although Hai Jui's evaluation of a person's quality sometimes goes to extremes, he can generally adhere to the "dichotomy".

The high pragmatic "academic performance" won the dynasty, and Hai Rui looked at it indifferently; The high pragmatism of military merit is the crown of the world, and Hai Jui is unmoved. Of course, high pragmatism is often stigmatized as "coercing wisdom to dictate private interests" and "fighting for the people's interests by virtue of divine grace", and Hai Jui is also disdainful.

The reason is not complicated: although the pragmatic Jinghua is rich in the world, Hai Rui has not heard of any tricks and grabbing, and he has always done business in a proper manner. And what is even more commendable, as he said in this private letter: "Over the years, I have asked myself to pay taxes several times, let alone ten times as many others." ”

Hai Rui knows that Gao Pragmatic's words are not exaggerated at all, and he is even a little modest - judging from the situation that Hai Rui has learned from his inspection of various private ports in Nanzhili in recent years, Gao Pragmatic is really "coercing wisdom to specialize in private interests" and "fighting for the people's interests with the grace of God", he can pay at least nearly 1780,000 taels of silver less in taxes a year.

This is already the case in a Nanzhili region, and Gao Pragmatism is notoriously high in taxes across the country, and even sets up a special tax for himself (in Guangxi), which is enough to prove that Gao Pragmatism is "different".

Therefore, Hai Jui basically believes that Gao Pragmatism is to practice what he said in his letter: "Those who think of their poor may pay less and pay less; Those who check their wealth will be more than Nabena".

This is in stark contrast to Xu Jie's back then, and he can naturally gain Hai Rui's favor.

But after all, Hai Rui is well aware of his reputation, and his every move may set off huge waves in the government and the opposition, and he is also very cautious with his pragmatic letter.

He knew that such a major event as Nancha was extraordinary for the imperial court, especially for the princes of the current dynasty, and it had a huge impact. To put it simply, whoever is rewarding the people and whoever is judging the others, one will certainly have an impact on the situation between the DPRK and China.

Of course, Hai Rui himself doesn't care about this, he is a person who insists on "gentlemen are not parties", although he has been an official for many years, he has neither a backer nor a helper, and his ups and downs in the early years of the sea are also because of this.

No matter how the pattern of the DPRK and China changes, what is the matter with my Haigang Peak?

What he really cautious about is that he is worried that he will be taken advantage of by Gao Pragmatism.

Everyone in the world says that Gao Pragmatic can have today's situation, one is the political shadow left by Gao Gong, the second is the emperor's infinite trust in him, and the third is that he did well in the exam that year. As for the side work or something, it's just icing on the cake.

But Hai Jui never saw it that way, no matter how good the political resources obtained by Gao Pragmatic were not effectively used, they would be given in vain; No matter how heavy the emperor's trust is, things will be lost if things are not done well; As for the exam, there are so many champions in the world, who has such a smooth career?

At that time, Yang Shennai was the son of Yang Tinghe, and his political resources were not bad than Gao Pragmatic, and he was also the champion and the first, so what? It's not that Yunnan is demoted, and it's the border.

But when Hai Ruizai carefully read the letter three times, he finally let go of his long-frowning brow.

In Gao Shishi's letter, there really doesn't seem to be any hint, everything he said seems to be for the sake of the imperial court, but I just hope that Mr. Hai, who presided over Nancha, can be stricter and consider virtue more.

Pay attention to virtue, this statement Hai Rui fully agrees, after all, he himself is a person who pays great attention to virtue.

However, Hai Rui also knows that Gao Pragmatic's suggestion seems to be a bit troublesome in the system.

The detailed rules for the punishment of officials in the Ming generation have the so-called "eight eyes" and "four sections".

The so-called "eight eyes" refer to the dismissal of officials who are incompetent in the evaluation, and they are "said to be greedy, cool, impetuous, inadequate, old, sick, resigned, and careless."

The "four subjects" are divided into different areas in combination with the content formulated by the "Eight Eyes", "greedy, cool, and for the people; Imprudent, soft, crown and idle; Old, sick, and zhishi; Talentless, impetuous and shallow (that is, shallow and ugly, probably a fake word), demoted to a foreign post".

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There is no accurate record of when the "Eight Eyes" of the investigation began; However, it was finally formed in February of the first year of Hongji.

In the twenty-second year of Chenghua, before Li Yu was appointed as the secretary of the ministry, the Ming Dynasty did not have the name of "eight eyes", but "four eyes". Shi Zai: "There are four stories to investigate: old disease, softness, greed, and carelessness. (Li) Yuyan people are different in material, paranoid and cool, sluggish and soft, and begging for talent is not enough to make a way, in order to cherish talents, the emperor is good, and then he is an order. ”

It is not difficult to see from here that the so-called "four eyes" are actually the predecessors of the "eight eyes", and the "eight eyes" only subdivide the "four eyes", and change the name of "disease" to "disease", and add the two eyes of "inadequate" and "impetuous and shallow".

The article "talent is not enough" is set up within 13 months between October 22 and November 23 of Chenghua when Li Yu served as the secretary of the ministry; The "impetuous and shallow dew" article was on the occasion of Jingcha in February of the first year of Hongzhi, at the request of Wu Tai, then the imperial historian of Nanjing Henan Province, and other ministers, and the then secretary of the Ministry of Shangshu Wang Shu reported to Xiaozong for approval, and was used in real time when Jingcha was in that year, and deposed Li Shen, the secretary of Taichang Temple.

Regarding the general principles of the use of the "Eight Eyes" and "Four Branches", Shen Defu once said: "In Beijing, the officials below the fifth rank have old age and illness, are weak and inactive, are not careful, impetuous and shallow, and have no talent. In addition, the officials below the fifth grade are old, careless, and impetuous." This is also recorded in the articles related to Jingcha in the "Ming Shilu".

However, because the regulations on the "Eight Eyes" are extremely simple, there is a certain degree of arbitrariness and ambiguity when determining the "Eight Eyes", and there are even some cases where the names do not match the facts.

For example, "greedy, cool, for the people". Corruption can be determined on the basis of the facts of corruption by officials, but in the Ming Dynasty, the punishment for corruption was relatively large, and although it was stipulated that "the corrupt are for the people," in fact those who committed major acts of corruption were often punished more severely, so the target was only for officials who embezzled a small amount. In addition, once corruption is discovered, it is often not necessary to wait for Jingcha, but to deal with it immediately. However, the "cool" behavior itself is more difficult to determine, and if it is "cool" due to official business, the punishment is often lighter. And let the private act be cool, and the disposal is heavier.

Speaking of which, Hai Jui himself has been impeached many times for the reason that he is "cool". However, "cool" does not fit in with the point mentioned in Gao Shi's letter.

As for "old age, sickness, and wisdom". Old age and illness are the two eyes that are easier to determine the standard, because both have accurate standards to measure, and they have nothing to do with the main points in the high-level pragmatic letter.

Then there is "not careful, soft, crown and idle". Strike soft, usually refers to the period of the official's reign, do nothing or have a slight loss of character, such as "Sichuan Kuizhou Prefecture Governor so-and-so, two county pastors, rarely have the cloth of Zeze, the so-called soft and inactive, hereby his people", that is, there is little incumbent incumbent to do nothing;

Another example: "Mr. (Zhang Mao) said: The ancients were upright and established a dynasty, and a certain one was soft" refers to a loss of conduct. Although the Ming court had a certain characterization of imprudentness: "those who have the central government to entrust them will be dismissed with imperceptibility", but in fact, the scope of the word "imprudent" can be greatly extended.

It can be a lack of prudence in the conduct of the resident officials, or it may be a lack of prudence in the administrative process, so the name sometimes plays its normal role in punishing officials who are not prudent in words and deeds; It is sometimes used as a means of attacking political opponents.

Such as "Illustrated Dictionary Gengxu will try." Tang Binyin, the official of the branch school, wanted to be private with Han Jing, and he and Zhigongju Wu Daonan were in a hurry. …… and investigation, note that bin yin is not careful". The note here is not careful, but there is a practical way to follow, and it is already a lack of integrity for a branch official to protect his protégé; In addition, slandering Shangguan is even more careless in words and deeds. With this note, the name is justified.

Another example is Xu Dahua, "To Beijing to investigate the official, and then to the snake, to the Ministry of Industry." Sun Piyang inspected the capital and did not sit down in his post". According to the common sense of Jingcha, once he is deposed, he will not be used again, and Xu Dahua can be degraded again, which is obviously the result of strong reinforcement from Ba Fu, so it is not too much to sit still.

However, there are also cases of cracking down on dissidents in the name of imperceptibility, taking Ding Yuanjian (Jinshi in the 14th year of Wanli) as an example, Ding "took the official of Xinhai March, Shijing Chafu Jun, and Dazai Sun Fuping (Sun Piyang) was condemned by the opponents, and his party and it were all over the place." If there is no solution, Mr. rises up and resists neglect...... Stay in the middle and don't report it, and under the book, the language is more exciting, and it is not reported. Ding Sijing investigated, so he was cut off from his post without prudence."

Ding Yuan's imperceptibility is not because of any fault in conduct, just because he offended the powerful, he was not careful. Moreover, the punishment of decommissioning is heavier than that of "staying idle", which shows that the "eight eyes" and the "four departments" are not closely opposed, and there can still be differences according to the wishes of those in power.

Hai Rui thought about this article carefully, and felt that it could be related to virtue, so he couldn't help but secretly make a note in his heart.

As for "lack of talent, impetuousness, and demotion". Similar to "imprudent", "inadequate" and "impetuous" are also easy to be exploited by those in power because of their ambiguity.

As far as the goal of "talent is not enough", Feng Qi said: "I have never investigated, and there are two ends of those who are inferior. The talent is short and can not be rushed, the strength is weak and the shoulder is not enough, and the real talent is not as strong as the one. There are also lines of lightness, the heart of speed, not proficient in practice, involving Zhou Zhang, this is not true talent, but is talented and not good at using the ear."