Chapter 172: Constitutional Monarchy

Not competing does not mean not participating in the competition, even if you are not interested, you can join in the fun.

With Austria's current strength, no one can ignore it, and it is indispensable to have that part.

Even if you don't fight for colonies, you can be rewarded. Concessions are made here, and losses can be made up from elsewhere.

The exchange of interests is the essence of international diplomacy. I just want to take advantage and don't want to pay the price, so how is that possible?

The benefits are all taken by your family, how can other countries mix up? I can't afford to provoke it, I can't hide it, I just don't play with you.

It is not yet the era of one dominance, and no country can cover the sky with one hand. If you don't want to be alone, it's better to follow the rules of the game.

Once the rules of the game are broken, the biggest loss must be the rule-maker. Because the rules themselves are set by the makers in order to protect their own interests, no one can guarantee that they will be able to dominate the reshuffle.

Unfortunately, Britain, France, and Austria were all old empires, personally participating in and leading the formulation of the rules of the game, and the rules of the game themselves represented the interests of Austria.

Once the general policy was determined, the specific negotiation work did not need to worry about Franz. What you can get will only be known through negotiations.

It is impossible for Franz to judge the strategic goals of each country, and the so-called pre-targeting is complete nonsense.

Just like the diplomacy of the British, those who do not know think that the British have drawn up a series of plans, and the Foreign Office will carry out diplomatic work according to the plans that have been drawn up in advance.

However, as far as Franz knew, British diplomacy did not have a so-called long-term diplomatic plan at all, and there was only one thing at the heart of diplomatic work - national interests.

Specific plans are drawn up on an ad hoc basis based on the actual situation. Detailed planning in advance does not apply diplomatically.

International diplomacy is changing, today is an enemy, maybe tomorrow will become a friend, even friends and foes cannot be determined, how can you guarantee that other countries will follow your plan?

Any successful diplomatic power will flexibly adjust its foreign policy plan around international interests, rather than mechanically following the plan.

Franz saw this very accurately, and twenty years ago Austria's most important foreign policy was the Russian-Austrian alliance, but now it has become the British, French and Austrian Triple Alliance.

……

The coordination of international relations, the easing of conflicts between the major colonial empires, and the distribution of the remaining colonies, obviously cannot be completed overnight, and the negotiations are destined to be protracted.

Jerusalem, a meeting of European countries on the mediation of the Turkish-Polish conflict has begun. Prior to the meeting, the Ottomans and Persians had already exchanged fire on the border several times.

It's just that they have scruples about each other and are trying to exercise restraint as much as possible, and the conflict has been suppressed by the high-level leaders of the two countries.

On the whole, the two sides won and lost each other, and Persia suffered a little. This result was very disappointing to Franz, who had originally planned to support Persia to cause chaos to the British, but now he had to regret dismissing this idea.

Even fighting against the devastated Ottoman army could not achieve an overwhelming advantage, and such a pawn was not worth investing in.

It's better to support Afghanistan, although this chess piece can only be used as a small soldier, people are also small soldiers who have crossed the river. Although the volume is small, the combat effectiveness is still reliable.

With the support of Russia and Austria, Afghanistan has also trained a new army in recent years. Unfortunately, Afghanistan was too poor and limited by financial resources to train only three infantry divisions that were not fully staffed.

This is already the result of the Afghan government's reckless use of military force and the addition of Austrian funding. Otherwise, they can't even afford to raise a modern infantry division.

In contrast, the situation in Persia is much better, and even if it is already in decline, the family background is not comparable to that of Afghanistan.

If the government's capability is strong enough to train a modern army of 100,000 or 200,000, it will not be difficult to do so. There were so many troops that it was enough to discourage the ambitions of the British.

In general, the feudal agrarian countries were not suitable for the era of thermal weapons, and their meager fiscal revenues determined the upper limit of their strength.

The Jerusalem Conference was in a difficult situation from the outset, and it was clear to everyone that there would be no outcome here.

Whether it is the Ottomans or Persia, there are great powers behind them, and as long as the boss behind the scenes is still arguing, they can only hold on.

It is a pity that Britain, France and Austria are still in the midst of a wrangling, and it is naturally impossible to produce a result at the negotiating table.

Persia demanded compensation from the Ottoman Empire, and the Ottomans demanded compensation from Persia, and the atmosphere was very tense, and the representatives of the two countries almost engaged in a duel.

……

At the same time as the Jerusalem Conference was deadlocked, the British also fulfilled their promise to the Ottoman Empire, and the first three million pounds of war loans were in place.

For Prime Minister Midhard, this was the first good news he had received since he took charge of the Ottoman Empire.

With this money, it will be possible to suppress the rebellion in the country and restore order in the country. Then carry out social reforms to re-emerge the Ottoman Empire, and then take revenge on Austria and Russia.

Well, that seems like a bit of a thought. However, idealists are still understandable, and their ideas are always beyond their capabilities.

Al-Shabaab official Mehadra reported in a low voice: "Prime Minister, in recent days, Your Majesty has frequently summoned conservatives and religious leaders.

All the conversations were done in secret, but judging by the expressions on the faces of the men leaving, they should have had a good time.

After coming down, these people are unusually low-key, and even daily interpersonal communication has been reduced.

At the same time, their secret letters have also increased, including many military generals who have been in contact with them. At first glance, their plot is directed against us. ”

Al-Shabaab came to power in a coup d'Γ©tat, and Abdul Hamid II was also single-handedly supported by them.

However, the Sultan was not settled. Before he succeeded to the throne, he supported the Ottoman Shabaab, otherwise it would not have been his turn to succeed him, but after the succession, the situation changed.

Abdul Hamid II was not willing to be a puppet sultan, and he was originally close to Al-Shabaab, but he naturally fell to the conservatives under the impetus of power.

Now that the Ottoman al-Shabaab is in power, Abdul Hamid II is still a little weaker than he can do even if he co-opts conservatives.

But things changed as the refugee crisis was resolved, with conservatives putting all the blame on the government, and the popularity of the Ottoman al-Shabaab plummeted.

This gave Abdul Hamid II an opportunity to make small moves, and in many cases the al-Shabaab government could not step down.

Naturally, this caused dissatisfaction among the Al-Shabaab, and relations between the two sides were very stiff. As the leader of Al-Shabaab, Prime Minister Midhart is naturally not going to sit still.

Unlike the European nations, the Ottoman Empire was accompanied by bloody killings in that every transfer of power. The current situation is that a step back is not a sea and a sky, but an abyss, and it is not surprising that Midhart sent people to spy on the Sultan.

If it weren't for the need to avoid civil unrest, perhaps Midhat would have sent someone to kill Abdul Hamid II, who had deposed a sultan, and he wouldn't mind having it again.

Midhart said fiercely: "Inform the cabinet and the ministers that they will meet here tomorrow afternoon to discuss the reform of the constitutional monarchy." ”

Just because Abdul Hamid II can't be deposed doesn't mean Middhart can't fight back. Reform of the constitutional monarchy is the best option.

At present, most countries in Europe have adopted constitutional monarchies. However, there are many kinds of constitutional monarchies, some countries have many restrictions on the rights of the monarch, and some countries are only in name only, and there are no restrictions at all.

Of course, in general, the monarchs of this era have real power, and no one has fallen so hard that they have been reduced to rubber seals. The monarch's power is still at its peak, and he is the most powerful person in a country.

This does not prevent Midhat from using the reform of the constitutional monarchy to overthrow Abdul Hamid II, because the constitutional monarchy itself has no uniform standard.

For example, the real effect of Austria's constitutional monarchy is that the emperor's annuity is clearly stipulated, and the emperor cannot use the additional money from the state treasury for pleasure.

In other respects, there are almost no restrictions, and they have even been strengthened. The so-called constitutional monarchy laws were drafted by Franz himself, and the emperor had the right to change them at any time.

Another example: the British constitutional monarchy, the king's rights are more restricted, but in general, the king is still the supreme leader and holds the power of the country.

The most prominent is the constitutional monarchy of the Russians, which does not even have specific legal provisions, and God knows what limits the tsar's power.

The main basis for the belief that Tsarist Russia was a monarchy rather than a constitutional monarchy was that the Tsarist government legally had few restrictions on the rights of the Tsar.

These are all minor issues, as long as they are carried out in the name of a constitutional monarchy. Although Midhart was an idealist, he was not so radical, did not have the arrogance to abolish the Sultan, and went straight to the republican era.

Playing a republic in a country with strong religious beliefs like the Ottoman Empire is very nonsense in itself, and it is not clear that all the religious leaders who are elected to power are the people.

So in the name of constitutional monarchy reform, it is enough to turn Abdul Hamid II into a rubber stamp, and further that will be a ball.