Chapter 1191: Invincible
After the recovery of Jiangnan, although the situation was favorable to Zhao Yu, he also understood that politically, his succession to the throne was supported by the government-in-exile, not the orthodox succession to the throne, and Emperor Deyou was still alive, so in the eyes of some people, his throne was flawed. Financially, the tax source will certainly be alleviated with the expansion of population and territory, but it also needs to recuperate after the cruel exploitation of the Mengyuan Dynasty, so it is not optimistic, and more seriously, the high degree of land centralization.
China is a traditional agrarian society, and this situation has not changed until modern society, and the fundamental financial problems of agricultural society are land and people. After Zhao Yu occupied Jiangnan, he naturally hoped to gain the support of the people in Jiangnan and obtain stable financial income, but he found that it was not easy.
First of all, since the Jingkang Incident, a large number of northern soldiers and civilians fled to Jiangnan due to war, and many northern aristocratic families also went to the south to buy and occupy land, and land has become a scarce resource. This has resulted in a situation where there are many people and few places, resulting in a large number of displaced people. Secondly, after the occupation of Jiangnan by the Mongol and Yuan dynasties, the magnates plundered a large amount of land, and the Song Dynasty's policy of not suppressing land annexation led to the concentration of land in the hands of bureaucratic families, making it difficult to redistribute land.
After the Meng Yuan occupied Jiangnan, they only used it as their own wallet and granary, and did not implement effective land redistribution, so it was difficult to change the land tenure structure. At that time, the Song Dynasty implemented a policy of preferential treatment for scholars, and officials could not only occupy dozens of times more land than ordinary people, but their land was also tax-free, including their relatives, and even sheltered a certain number of tenants, food and clothing.
Therefore, in order to evade the taxes of the imperial court, many yeoman farmers put their land in the name of officials, and even gave away their land for nothing, acting as tenants, thus forming a large number of fugitives. As a result, a large number of tenants were not registered with the state, did not need to serve in the military, but only paid food to the families to whom they depended.
The bureaucratic caste is limited in number, but they can have a large "client" class. When the number of "customers" increases, the number of taxpayers decreases dramatically. When the number of tenants increased, the government's tax revenue and military resources were affected. The remaining land was no longer enough to feed the entire huge bureaucratic class and army.
After Zhao Yu occupied Jiangnan, the first thing he did was to inventory the land and population as the basis for taxation. At that time, some people suggested that it was inappropriate to check household registration and land so early, because it was precisely because the Qin Dynasty established a strict household registration system to prevent the people and levy strict taxes that the people abandoned them. We should do the opposite, not to build a tight household registration network, and not to interfere with the lives of the people and make them happy. The government will only be prosperous if the people live and work in peace and contentment, otherwise, it is useless to register household registration and land.
Zhao knew that the intention of these people was to retain their privileges and restore the lost land tenure relationship, and most importantly, to use the Shiren group to rule the entire country. But he didn't think so, the imperial family was already very little under the suppression of Meng Yuan, resulting in his own roots in Jiangnan were not deep, and he didn't want to be held hostage by the scholar group and fall back into the whirlpool of power struggle, so he had to break the solidified state structure.
Therefore, when formulating the financial system, Zhao Yu used the excuse that due to the war in the south of the Yangtze River, the land had changed hands many times, and it was difficult to restore the land ownership relationship of the previous dynasty. Therefore, when the imperial court rebuilt the system, he took the opportunity to tighten his power, and he was also considered to have fought the world by force, which determined that the administrative efficiency should be high, and took advantage of the opportunity to eliminate the Mengyuan forces and traitors, impeached many local wealthy families and families, confiscated a large amount of land, and laid the foundation for the unified planning and distribution of land by the imperial court
In order to be able to smoothly inventory the population and land, Zhao Yu broke with the practice of granting land by Ding for thousands of years, and implemented the distribution of land according to the method of dictating land and paying taxes by the government and the people, so that many fugitives could be renaturalized, and they were freed from the control of officials and families, and the social system was rebuilt. In fact, this method is similar to the story of the three and four days, including women in the scope of land distribution, and abolishing the ding tax, which seems to increase the contradiction of more people and less land, but in fact it also increases the source of taxes.
In order to stabilize people's hearts and let the people recuperate, Zhao Yu implemented a policy of light taxes and thin taxes, which reduced the financial revenue of the imperial court. Therefore, some courtiers proposed to use public land to implement military cantonments, so as to solve the problem of military food supply, but he knew that the army's participation in management would inevitably lead to corruption, which would lead to a decline in combat effectiveness. In addition, the military tun has always been inefficient in peacetime, and this kind of tuntian system with the elements of state-owned enterprises has become a drag on output because it cannot stimulate people's enthusiasm for production, and has also caused widespread dissatisfaction in society. And once the military goal is achieved, the tuntian will either be converted into private land or gradually abandoned.
In order to solve the military rations and local financial expenditures, Zhao Hao's idea was to turn the confiscated land into public land, and recruit a large number of displaced people to cultivate the land and implement the Mintun. According to the policy, tunhu can lease public land for a long time, and if tunhu has his own cattle, the grain for farming will be the same as that of the imperial court; If there are no cattle in the tunhu and the government provides the cattle, then the grain grown will be divided between fifty and fifty points with the imperial court.
At the same time, the imperial court ensured that the tunhu would not pay any miscellaneous taxes except for the field tax, and would not be forced to perform military service and conscription, so that the life of the tunhu was more comfortable than that of ordinary peasant households. In order to solve the problems of production, the imperial court also issued policies to encourage people to learn technology, use the agricultural leisure to develop handicrafts and animal husbandry, and after earning money, they can buy cattle and production tools, and also obtain fertilizer, greatly improving the efficiency of farming.
The good income has increased the enthusiasm of the tun households, and in order to produce more grain, they consciously participate in the construction of water conservancy and the transformation of farmland and other infrastructure. The imperial court not only ensured the supply of military rations and obtained a stable supply of meat, but also brought these people under the direct rule of the imperial court and obtained their support, making it difficult for the scholars to control public opinion.
Since this system is completely new, there are no intertwined conflicts of interest, and there are no irresolvable social blots, which immediately show great superiority. Therefore, whether it is the implementation of the policy of granting land according to the people's tun or according to the oral law, and even under the implementation of the policy of light taxes and light taxes, grain production has been greatly increased. Although the imperial court does not seem to have received any benefits, the people still store a large amount of grain for sale, and if necessary, as long as there is money, they can buy it, which is also the reason why Zhao Hao is not worried about the lack of grain storage in the official warehouse.
In addition, Zhao Yu knew that the money still needed to develop maritime trade, which not only filled his wallet, but was actually beneficial to the country and the people. The imperial court could obtain a large amount of customs duties and commercial taxes, and received a huge inflow of gold and silver as a reserve for the issuance of currency, thus ensuring the stability of the currency value. The large increase in the demand for foreign trade products will inevitably have a guiding effect and promote the prosperity of the ceramics, textiles, tea-making, and shipbuilding industries.
At the same time, the prosperity of economy and trade will also lead to the development of related industries such as catering, manufacturing, transportation, etc., and bring a large number of employment opportunities, so that landless farmers can get a job, alleviate the contradiction between people and land in the south of the Yangtze River, and also have an immeasurable role in social stability.
Although Zhao Hao's series of fiscal policies are still far from "rice flowing fat and corn white, and public and private warehouses are abundant", they have also stepped on the accelerator of economic acceleration, and the demand for money as a medium for wealth flow will also increase. Therefore, he chose to issue more money at this time, which would not produce uncontrollable inflation, but could prosper the market through government purchases and promote the reproduction of materials.
Therefore, Zhao Yu was able to raise troops from a small place in Qiongzhou to achieve a series of victories, precisely because at the same time of the war, he would develop the economy wherever he went, ensuring that the imperial court could obtain enough finance to support the war. It was his far-sighted spirit that enabled him to give the country a huge potential to support the war effort.
More importantly, only when the finances are fully prepared can the stability of the regime be maintained after the pacification of the Central Plains, rather than adding new instability as spending expands. For Zhao Hao, in fact, the victory or defeat of a battle is far less important than a perfect financial system. Even if the Northern Expedition failed, he was still able to quickly recover through a sound financial system and continue to complete the great cause of the Northern Expedition.
On the other hand, the current Mengyuan regime, which inherited the 'ancestral industry' at about the same time as Zhao Yu, tried to use the power in his hands to carry out political reforms, forcibly adopted the Han method to break the social blob, tried every means to develop finances, and tried to become the ultimate victor, but he only hit the head and broke the blood. And this is precisely because although he inherited the ruling power of his ancestors, he also inherited many problems accumulated by the previous regime.
The internal structure of the regime is intertwined, forming a huge inertia, which makes real gold helpless. Let him understand that it is difficult for such a regime to redesign the political and economic system, and can only make small changes on the basis of the previous dynasties, and can only be maintained, acknowledging that the reality is a tinkering approach, and that its ambitious reforms can have a blueprint, but never bear fruit, and in the end they will find that everything is just in vain.
Therefore, Zhao Yu thought that the victory of the Mongols could be said to be the victory of a group of geniuses rather than the victory of the system, and they had been unable to effectively organize their finances, and then through the erosion of the magnates and bureaucrats, coupled with the financial overruns caused by years of war, there were huge hidden dangers. Now in the face of the Northern Expedition of the Great Song Dynasty, he can only continue to move the last resources, struggling under the spell of finance, but in the end, it is difficult to escape the fate of falling apart, from this point of view, Zhao Yu is already invincible......