1261 Weigh the Pros and Cons
Zhao Yu has been in this world for more than ten years, during which he has been constantly adapting to and studying this society, trying to seize the rare transition period to find a broad road suitable for the Great Song Dynasty. With the deepening of research, from the previous disapproval of Confucian culture and even the rejection of some ideas, it began to change, and found that there is some truth in it.
First of all, the Song Dynasty opened the floodgates of fair competition in the imperial examinations, and children from all walks of life, including industrialists and merchants, could ascend to the top of the ranks. The entire bureaucratic contingent is mainly selected from the scientific field, and although they are of high or low rank, they are "equal to the master" and are equal in legal status. The landlord class no longer has a "distinction between the gentry and the gentry," and land rights have begun to be frequently transferred by economic means, and landlords, yeoman farmers, and tenants may all have their positions rise and fall because of the gains and losses of land.
Not only arable land tenants, but also relatively equal contractual relations began to enter many economic activities, and farmers and craftsmen began to have the right to move and move, which promoted horizontal and upward mobility among various classes. All these changes have given birth to a vague yearning for equality. Among them, Song scholars advocated that "the people are compatriots, and the things are with us", which emphasizes this concept of equality.
In society, the traditional thinking of agriculture as the foundation and industry and commerce as the end has been challenged, and the concept of equality between the four people of agriculture and industry has emerged, which Zhao Yu thinks is nothing less than a revolution in the concept of identity before the emergence of modern citizenship, expressing a strong demand for social equality. Compared with the previous generation, this sense of equality is a new factor, and of course, in his view, there is still an essential difference from the modern concept of equality.
Secondly, compared with the previous generations, the political atmosphere of the Song Dynasty was relatively relaxed, and the spirit of compatibility also came into being. During its formative years, Song Xue adhered to an inclusive and open attitude, with a skeptical spirit and innovative vitality. At the same time, he was quite tolerant of the coexistence of religion and the scriptures, and objectively affirmed the merits of other sects, so that Buddhism integrated Confucianism and Taoism in theory, Taoism drew nourishment from Confucianism and Buddhism, and the supreme ruler also handled religious relations in a spirit of compatibility, and the peaceful coexistence of the three religions became the norm. In the inclusiveness, Shinong Industry and Commerce can also continue to absorb, learn from, and integrate other heterogeneous cultures to produce new cultures.
Confucianism at this stage can be called a WTO entry culture in essence, paying attention to practice, emphasizing the world, fundamentally concerned about how the people survive and develop, how the country is peaceful and strong, and embodies the feeling of "taking the world as its own responsibility". The elite among them claimed to be the actual bearers of the safety of the world and the welfare of the people, and issued an appeal to the emperor to "rule the world with scholars", showing a consciousness that was very different from that of the previous generation of scholars. The "inner sage" kung fu that aims to pass the "inner sage" kung fu of learning things, enlightenment, sincerity, righteousness, and self-cultivation finally falls on the way of the "outer king" of the Qi family, governing the country, and leveling the world.
In the process of rebuilding Neo-Confucianism, Zhao Yu also found that scholars advocated honor and integrity, so as to urge outstanding scholars and bureaucrats to "seek progress in vain", and consciously believed that "punishment and reward are a temporary honor and disgrace, and its power lies in the ruler of the time; The name is the honor and disgrace of eternity, and its power is in the clear discussion", and the evaluation of the present and future generations regards themselves as an eternal value that is higher than rewards and punishments and transcends life. However, with the development of history, the position of scholars has been stabilized, and negative factors inevitably begin to appear, and the pros and cons are often entangled and symbiotic.
By the time Zhao Yu arrived, the Great Song Dynasty was already full of holes, officialdom was corrupt, the economy collapsed, and the world was declining. As far as the political legacy he has acquired is concerned, although the design of his system has ensured the centralization of monarchical power and eradicated separatism, it has always and everywhere "prevented things from doing things and bent them according to the system." In the military, the malaise of fragmentation, lack of coordination, and difficulty in overall planning has been closely followed, which has seriously weakened the combat effectiveness of the army.
Administratively, it is not uncommon for there to be multiple government departments, redundant officials, and inefficiency. As a result, when the strong enemy is pressing the situation and the situation is chaotic, it lacks vitality and is shorter than responding. As far as the spiritual heritage is concerned, Neo-Confucianism, as the core of spiritual culture, has indeed injected many new elements into the times, but with the pressure of the external environment and the strengthening of internal autocracy, science has gradually gained respect as the mainstream of Song studies and has been promoted to official learning.
These ills accumulated over more than 100 years are now all transferred to Zhao Yu, and if he wants to do something, he must transform this crumbling dynasty if he wants to prosper the Great Song Dynasty. At this time, the imperial power was declining, the scholars had occupied the court and controlled the public opinion, and his living environment was already very bad, and he would feel constrained in whatever he wanted to do.
To give a very simple example, "the whole world is not the king's land, and the shore of the land is not the king's minister" is a very familiar sentence, in our understanding that the land of the world is the emperor's; All the people who lived in the land were subjects of the emperor, and they did have the flavor of "family in the world". Of course, this sentence is not a description of the ownership of property rights in the legal sense, but only a declaration of sovereignty in the political sense.
However, the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty had another explanation, and its meaning was reversed: "The one who builds the king has no other, takes the world as his home, the land is not his field, and the people are not his sons. According to the biography of the calendar, since "Yu Gong", I have not heard that the Son of Heaven has private wealth. According to this interpretation, that is to say, "under the whole world, it is not the king's land" does not mean that the people have no selfish property, on the contrary, "under the whole world, it is not the king's land", that is, it means that the son of heaven has no selfish wealth, but takes the world as his home.
Further deduce: since the Son of Heaven is rich from all over the world and takes the world as his home, then he must not collect money privately, let alone spend extravagantly. The monarch's daily expenses are not a private matter, but a public matter, so they need to be regulated by the government. In Zhu Xi's words, "(The monarch) all the food, wine, clothes, secondary houses, utensils, bribes, husbands, eunuchs, and palace concubines are all led to the tomb, so that they can move and be still, all of them are controlled by the law of the division, and there is no gap in the mustard, and there is no fleeting moment, so that they can hide their selfishness." ”
According to the modern interpretation, Tsukazai is the head of the government, the prime minister, and Dafu refers to the government's treasury. It means that the emperor's rights come from the prime minister, whether it is eating, drinking, or marrying and having children, the living expenses must abide by the rules set by the prime minister. This view can be said to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the Southern Song Dynasty, where science was prevalent, and was especially praised by scholars.
But the scholars did not take into account the emperor's feelings. Forget where their power comes from, who gave it to them and nurtures them? Zhao Yu can be said to be the most democratic-minded person in this era, and he also knows that the essential purpose of power is not enjoyment, but contribution. As a suprasocial energy, how power serves the state and society is fundamental. And Zhao Hao, as a person in power, can also accept the constraints of reason and the supervision of society, so that the operation of power is in line with the original purpose.
But Zhao Hao couldn't accept that all his privacy was exposed in front of others, and every penny spent had to be approved by his subordinates, and he asked them to help him go on a blind date first to marry a daughter-in-law. This is not at all the life that an emperor should have, but a puppet that is held high. Therefore, Zhao Yu has just come to this world and is fighting against Xiangquan, trying to take back power, so it is logical to crack down on the Shidafu group.
After more than ten years, Zhao Hao can only be said to have a slight upper hand in this battle, and he has not been able to completely win. But now there is actually an opportunity to turn the situation around, not only he can see it, but the ministers of the court and the central government can also see it. In the last year, a group of old ministers, including Ying Jieyan, Liu Huang, Ma Tingluan, Chen Zhongwei, etc., all wrote to ask for Zhishi, but it was only delayed because of the sudden outbreak of the war. At the same time, the right minister Wen Tianxiang has gone to Sichuan and Shu to preside over the battle of Shu, and the governor Jiang Xuan organized a reserve army in Jiankang.
Therefore, only Lu Hidefu, the left minister, and Liu Huang, the governor of the government, were in charge of the government, and the most important household departments and military departments of the six chiefs had been replaced, and they were all close associates of Zhao Yu. The squires and directors of the departments below the level of the various departments have basically completed the replacement of the old and the new, and most of them were cultivated and promoted by him in Qiongzhou; The main local state officials were also selected from Zhao Yu from among the earliest officials.
It can be said that if Zhao Yu proposes to abolish the prime minister at this time, he will not be met with too much resistance in the officialdom, and a smooth transition can be completed. Even if there are people who oppose it, more of it comes from the squires and famous Confucian families, but they have no position or power, and they can't set off any big waves. And he brought the power of the Northern Expedition to Beijing with a hundred elite soldiers, which was enough to deter those who were about to move and completely suppress the opposition voice.
Wang Yinglin proposed this time to let Zhuang Gongcong serve as the guard of Yingtianfu, and recommended Chen Pu to raise Hongqing Palace, so that Zhao Yu immediately became vigilant, realizing that the officials of the DPRK and China were afraid of the abolition of the prime minister, and wanted to weaken the strength of the Imperial Front Office by releasing several directors of the Imperial Front Office to draw salaries from the bottom of the kettle, so that it could not assume the responsibilities of its prime minister's administration. The reason for recommending Chen Pu to the government again is to use his prestige among the scholars to strengthen his voice in the court, and to enter the ranks of the chief executive after a group of old ministers have made their way to prevent Zhao Yu from abolishing the prime minister.
However, Zhao Yu should say that he has the idea of abolishing the phase, but in fact, he has no plans to rush to implement it, although this is conducive to his strength, but the abolition of the phase is not just as simple as canceling an official position, which also involves many deep-seated problems, and there are many insurmountable sequelae......