Chapter 380 Learning

After speaking, he said with a smile: "In short, there are still a lot of similarities between the two schools of Guan and Shu, and the elements are combined with yin and yang to become compounds, which has also been proven." ”

"In the same way, we also believe that everything has its positive and negative sides, and this theory is also true when it is transferred to Mr. Gang's problem."

"There is no absolute gentleman in the world, and there is no absolute villain. A gentleman may have poor personal morality and may not be close to people. ”

"And a villain, but everyone may find it amiable, may be a good father, a good husband."

"All schools of Confucianism are important to the world, but Shu is more important."

"The development of Meishan is largely due to the achievements of engineering, so the theory formed will inevitably bring some colors of Mohists."

"Shu Chinese people are good at writing, so the famous sayings also absorb a lot."

"The translation of Tianzhu Yinming was completed in the Jin Dynasty, and Long Lao combined with the actual situation in Dali, and it was even more clear."

"The business is prosperous and developed, so there are many contracts, and the atmosphere of Meishan people who are good at litigation has been cultivated."

"All these things, together with Confucianism, have been developed for more than ten years to form a set of knowledge about the laws of thinking, and apply them to production practice."

"This set of knowledge is an important branch of Shu Studies, and it is a rigorous system."

However, because it was originally more manifested in the processing of language and words, it was called the study of inquiry. And because it is like a dense network, it is modified by logic, which is called logic. ”

Zhang Zai asked, "Can you give an example to illustrate this science?" ”

Su You said with a smile: "Da Su once fought with the great monk Daolong in Daxiangguo Temple, and Da Su asked Daolong: Can the Buddha Wan?" ”

The monk replied, "Yes."

Da Su asked again: But can the Buddha make a boulder that he can't lift?"

Zhang Zai felt something a little hazy: "If the Buddha can lift the boulder, then the second question is not valid, and if the Buddha can't, then the first sentence is not valid." The first sentence and the second sentence form a ...... Paradox. Mingrun, if you are a monk, how should you answer? ”

Su You said: "According to logical induction, if two hypotheses form a paradox, one must be untrue, and if either of the two questions is no, the logical assumption is true." Therefore, the monk can put it another way: the Buddha is not omnipotent, but it is close. ”

Zhang Zai suddenly said: "That's really the case." ”

Su You said with a smile: "Of course, this is the correct solution of logic, and the great monk is a master, so he used another sentence to answer Da Su." ”

Zhang Zai asked, "What words?" ”

"The great monk replied with a smile: 'What the monk said is full of words.' ”

Zhang Zai is also a smart person, and he grasped the trick at once: "This is also a logical paradox!" If what the monk said was all false, then his words became true and not true. If what the monk said is not a lie, then the fact that he said the truth also denies the content of this sentence! Monk Daolong, the wit is really powerful! ”

Su You continued: "But this is the two of them playing Zen machine. In short, after such a long period of development, this set of knowledge has gradually moved away from the path of sophistry. Instead, it introduced a term in Heavenly Master Dao medicine - dialectic. From cause to clarity, it rises to dialectic. ”

"The three principles of dialectical logic, namely, the unity of opposites, the negation of negation, and the mutual transformation of quantity and quality."

"There are five other dimensions, namely, cause, primary and secondary, general and particular, relative and absolute, holistic and partial."

"These are the two sides of the five opposing conflicts, which are completely consistent with your exposition of Qi - one thing, two bodies, and every movement must be organic."

"But a little more – development in conflict."

"For such a conflict, we adopted the allusion of 'the spear of the son, the shield of the attacker' in "Han Feizi", and called it 'contradiction'."

"Dialectical logic is the logic of using contradictions to discuss problems. In terms of methodology, dialectical logic requires that problems be viewed from a comprehensive, developmental, connected, and contradictory viewpoint, that specific problems be analyzed concretely, that the premise categories of problems discussed should be clarified, and that there should be definite truths under certain categories. ”

"It believes that contradictions are universal and everywhere."

"In so many contradictions, we must analyze the priorities in order to grasp the key points of the problem and solve them."

"In addition, contradictions have the attribute of unity of opposites."

"Opposition refers to the development and change of all things, which are caused by the conflict of contradictions."

"Unity, on the other hand, is coexistence – in the same thing, contradictions must coexist, and the two will transform each other."

"There is a similar description in the knowledge of the gentleman, no matter how it is expressed, but we are cognitively unified."

Jang Jae nodded.

Su You said: "In this way, the gentleman and the villain, we can see it as a contradiction. But the essence of Shu is that although we try to extract a single pure theorem to describe the world, we also recognize that the world is complex. ”

"No single individual has a single attribute dimension—the same is true for gentlemen and villains."

"A gentleman is morally pure, but he is often rigid in thinking, or he is too talkative, so quiet, good at criticism, not good at construction."

"The villain is slippery, morally corrupt, unscrupulous, and mostly for his own selfish interests. However, because of the pursuit of profit, he is generally good at doing things, good at enterprising, and good at speculation, which often makes contributions. ”

"Therefore, the way of a gentleman should be more to deal with self-cultivation and internal pursuits, which is the requirement of one's own moral standards, which is what Mr. said'change temperament', rather than being used for external audits and becoming a rigid rule for forcing others."

"In the eyes of the so-called gentlemen, they are all gentlemen, and in the eyes of villains, they are all villains."

"Is Guan Zhong a gentleman? Whether in terms of private morality or official affairs, his performance is definitely not a gentleman. But it did not prevent him from creating the hegemony of Qi Huan, and it did not prevent Confucius from giving him a very high political evaluation. ”

"From a dialectical point of view, there are two attributes in a person: a gentleman and a villain. As long as the attributes of a gentleman are much greater than the attributes of a villain, this person is a gentleman, and vice versa. ”

"In the same way, in a court, it is impossible to be all gentlemen without villains, even if there is an accident, it is a special state in a special period, and it will change soon."

"A gentleman cannot be without the slightest mistake, and a villain will not be without a trace of merit. Everyone is flesh and blood, not a sage. ”

"Today's villain may not be a gentleman of his day, and he is everywhere;"

"Today's gentleman may not be the villain of his day, Wang Mang is."

"So jumping out of this question, we have to seriously analyze, what is the main problem of the Great Song Dynasty? It is redundant officials, redundant soldiers, and redundant politics. ”

"Distinguishing the difference between gentlemen and villains, is it the most important contradiction in the court and in the two governments and three divisions?"

"I think the biggest problem for the government is how to run it effectively. Therefore, the biggest contradiction is the contradiction between efficiency and resources, and the contradiction between the exercise of power and supervision. ”

"How to use limited manpower and material resources to operate as efficiently as possible, so that the country has normal vitality, this is the biggest problem that the Great Song Dynasty should solve now. The biggest problem is how to properly and rationally accomplish the exercise and supervision of power. ”

"The governance of the Yellow River has been discussed for 12 years! Many documents of the three divisions are not allowed to be signed for seven years! Whether it is the Zhongzheng Ying Dynasty or the treacherous and evil power, it has not solved this problem, right? This is the current situation of the Great Song Dynasty! ”

"So the contradiction between the gentleman and the villain is a secondary contradiction. In other words, in Taichang Temple, the Imperial Academy, the Imperial History, the Attendant, and the East Palace accompany the reading, these positions should be led by the gentleman. As for the rest of the positions, let's grasp the main contradiction first. ”

Zhang Zai took a long breath: "People are sophisticated, Mingrun has seen more clearly than me, but he still doesn't care about reputation, and he is upright and daring." Mingrun, you are a gentleman among gentlemen! ”

Su You said: "Mr. has an overreputation, Shaanxi has been soldiers for twenty years, and a whole generation has been wasted. Whether it is Guanxue or Shuxue, relying on a few people can not support the great cause, the education of Weizhou scholars and children, the cultivation of talents, I would like to ask Mr. Deacon. ”

Zhang Zai said with a smile: "Mingrun's today's argument, throwing away the door, shows the liver and gallbladder. It would be a shame for me to be hypocritical. The two sects of Guan and Shu have so many references and mutual evidence, fortunately, the school palace is not far from the yamen, so I received an errand, just to learn from each other and improve together! ”

Su You was overjoyed and said with a smile: "That's great, little seventh brother, go and call Yuanzhen, I found him a gentleman who is righteous and reasonable!" ”

After a while, Zhang Qi came back: "Young Master, Young Master Yuanzhen, he is gone!" ”

Su You was shocked: "What? ”