Chapter 1317: Wenwu Shutu

Zhao Yu sent Wang Yinglin to Dengcheng to raise the army, which seemed to be a light weight, but in fact, he was quite apprehensive. He knew very well that although this incident could not lead to the defection of the officers and men of the Eighth Army, if it was handled improperly, it would inevitably lead to a split of the Eighth Army, which would then lead to a great decline in combat effectiveness. And at the critical moment when the current war is imminent, he does not want to see it, and he does not want a situation that is difficult to control.

Therefore, although Zhao Yu was not in Dengcheng that night, he could still imagine the difficulty of Wang Yinglin's trip, not only to persuade the troops who were going to come not to take drastic actions, but also to appease Zhang Ba and other commanders of the Eighth Army to recognize the current powerful relationship, not to lose the big because of small losses, and to make misleading behaviors for the country and themselves, so as to isolate themselves from the Great Song Dynasty, and it is difficult to look back.

Tossing and turning all night, after dawn Ni Liang reported that Fancheng had been completely controlled, the battle annihilated more than 5,000 enemies, captured more than 7,000 enemies, Jingxiang marching governor Shi Bi and Fancheng city guard Alihan fled to Xiangyang on the other side of the river by boat after the city was broken, because the pontoon bridge was destroyed, the ships were all looted or burned by the defeated soldiers, they could not pursue, until they escaped.

After the battle, due to the short and fierce battle, and the main direction of attack was chosen in the relatively empty east of the city, and the enemy army fled quickly, it was not enough to coerce the people in the city to evacuate. As a result, most of the houses in the city were preserved, and the people were not affected much. Cleaned up the official shop, obtained a total of 100,000 stones of grain and grass, a number of weapons and armor, seized 60,000 pieces of gold and silver, 30,000 ingots of counterfeit Mongolian Yuan banknotes, and part of the document atlas.

This morning, Ni Liang has already set out the list to calm the people, dispatched officers and soldiers to count the casualties and property losses of the people, and help the people repair the damaged houses. At the same time, the head of the guild in the city was convened to help the army clean up the streets and alleys, bury the corpses, and the merchants were open for business. And the two gates in the city were opened, and the people were allowed to go out of the city to collect wood, and the caravans entered and exited normally. Under a series of measures, the hearts of the people in the city gradually stabilized and orderly, and later after the government was cleared, the holy car could enter the city.

Zhao Yu then ordered the camp to be raised, packed up, and prepared to enter the city. At this time, a flying horse entered the camp and sent Wang Yinglin's letter, and he stretched out a sigh of relief when he read it. In the letter, he told that after meeting with Zhang Ba and other chief officials, they all said that they had no intention of betraying the Song Dynasty and were still loyal to His Majesty, and the turmoil in the army was due to poor communication between the upper and lower levels, which led to the excessive behavior of some officers and soldiers.

Subsequently, Wang Yinglin read out the holy decree to the officers and soldiers of the Eighth Army, expressing His Majesty's attitude. Later, he met with the representatives of the soldiers who 'started the incident', and they expressed their indignation at Zhang Ba's refusal to meet him, thinking that his Majesty was disloyal, so they spontaneously gathered to meet them in Fancheng. He said that His Majesty was very grateful for their actions, but did not encourage such acts and would not be prosecuted. After he talked with the army again, the morale of the army had been stabilized for the time being, and the various departments of the camp had been planned.

After stabilizing the Eighth Army, Wang Yinglin held separate talks with Zhang Ba. Zhang Ba admitted that he had betrayed His Majesty's trust and done something that failed the grace of God because of his selfish intentions, but he had absolutely no intention of being betrayed by the country. But now he has made a big mistake, he is willing to go to Fancheng to see the driver to plead guilty, and insists on resigning as the commander of the Eighth Army.

After clarifying the process and results of the treatment, Wang Yinglin thought that although the Eighth Army was a little stable at present, it was not suitable to adjust the generals of various departments on a large scale, so as not to cause new turmoil. Therefore, he suggested that Xie Mingquan, the Marquis of the Eighth Army, lead the military and political affairs, because he was familiar with the situation in the army and had a high prestige among military generals at all levels; The two of them were wholeheartedly attached to His Majesty at the beginning of his reign, and they have also served the monarch faithfully and deserve the trust for so many years; The three of them had organized volunteers to resist the Yuan in Qiongzhou, and they had the function of leading the army, so they only needed to send another general who was proficient in military affairs to assist them.

Zhao Yu felt that Wang Yinglin's suggestion was very pertinent and conducive to the stability of the Eighth Army, but he was still a little hesitant. And what he was worried about was not Xie Ming's ability, but that he was worried that he would not take office, after all, when there is a clear distinction between the civil and military forces, civilian officials are unwilling to transfer to military generals......

Since the Tang and Song dynasties, with the expansion of the size of the national army and the deepening of the division between the bureaucracy and the civil and military forces, the situation of the grassroots organization of the army has become worse and worse. The underlying reasons behind this are not only the professionalization of the military and the corruption caused by the lack of supervision, but also the mobilization of resources at the grassroots level and the bureaucracy of the central government.

During the Han Dynasty, in order to mobilize more resources from the grassroots society, the central government incorporated a large number of local wealthy families into the administrative management system through the system of inspection, election, and "three elders", resulting in the tendency of the entire administrative system to be ethnic. The value orientation of the whole country was biased towards the scholars, which eventually led to the emergence of the Jiupin Zhongzheng system and the Eastern Jin Dynasty gate lord politics.

After the Sui Dynasty, the central government drastically replaced the Jiupin Zhongzheng system with the imperial examination system, but it made the central government and the grassroots society lose the direct connection between the scholars and the wealthy people, and it was difficult to effectively mobilize the resources of the grassroots society, which was precisely one of the main lines running through the great changes of the Tang and Song dynasties. Specifically, in terms of the military system, after the Middle and Tang Dynasty, with the failure of the integration of local social resources, the government military system was no longer maintainable, and the central government and local feudal towns were forced to organize professional armies, such as the central Shence Army and the tooth soldiers of local feudal towns.

However, in essence, the professional army is completely different from the government soldiers and the township soldiers. The conscription system of the Han Dynasty was generally based on the mobilization of local heroes and powers, and indirectly mobilized local military resources. Although these township soldiers in the Han Dynasty were not Haoqiang's private army, they belonged to local self-organized armed self-defense groups, and it was these local Haoqiang who coordinated and organized them.

Due to the constraints imposed by the rules of the township and clan, these local self-defense forces tend to obey the commands of local tyrants and are self-sufficient. However, when the military system collapsed in the Tang Dynasty, these newly established professional army ranks were not constrained by various informal systems in the township, and at the same time, the local government could not pay for the military expenses needed to support a large number of professional soldiers.

It is precisely because of this characteristic of the professional military system that the Central Plains and Heshuo feudal towns in the north frequently rebelled against the commanders; After neutralizing the tide of turmoil, when the central government could no longer afford to provide financial subsidies to these feudal towns, these feudal towns became independent one after another, drawing a line with the Tang court. Professional armies, of course, imply more intensive training, but their connection with their commanders is weaker.

Whether or not the armed forces can give full play to their combat effectiveness depends more on their training on weekdays and on the commanding art of their commanders. Moreover, after the Song Dynasty, the professional army was subordinate to the state, but it often led to the corruption of the army due to the difficulty of supervision, and the corruption of the Shence Army at the end of the Tang Dynasty and the Hebei Front Army at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty are good examples.

On the other hand, there is also a certain deterioration in the overall quality of officers at the grassroots level. Due to the characteristics of the conscription system and the government military system, commanders at all levels were often linked to the Hao clan before the Tang Dynasty, but after the emergence of the professional army system, the commander was decoupled from the Hao clan. This is undoubtedly a good thing from an institutional point of view, but there is another problem, which is that civilian-born soldiers are not well educated.

After the Song Dynasty, most of the private schools that emerged among the people were founded by local clans, and many of them were also clan schools that served the clans, and there were not many opportunities for civilians to receive education. Originally, if the children of these big clans were willing to enter the military system, the cultural literacy of the officers could still be guaranteed, but there was another problem involved here - that is, the problem of separating civil and military forces.

In fact, the separation of civil and military affairs was part of the reform of the bureaucracy that ran through ancient China. After the Qin and Han dynasties, China maintained a unified system for a long time, and all kinds of matters that occurred in the vast territory eventually needed to be screened and collected to the central government, which required the central government to have a higher efficiency in handling government affairs. This also gave birth to the system of three public and nine secretaries and the departmentalization of local administrative organizations.

When the Tang Dynasty was established, it further inherited the efficiency reform of the Wei and Jin dynasties, and it was the establishment of the system of three provinces and six ministries. In terms of bureaucratic groups, although there are civil and military ranks in the ranks, there are no strict restrictions on conversion, and until the early Northern Song Dynasty, there was still the possibility of "generals and military officials": bureaucrats were appointed generals when they went out, and government affairs were handled in the court. However, the lack of clarity in the division of positions has hindered the efficiency of the entire state administrative and military systems.

Modern production theory emphasizes the division of labor because the division of labor can indeed improve efficiency, and the full-time political affairs of civilian officials and the full-time military attachés are indeed more efficient in theory. The central government of the Tang and Song dynasties needed more efficient reforms than its predecessors and future generations. This is because during the Tang and Song dynasties, the administrative scope of the central government was too large, resulting in too complicated government affairs.

Under this pressure, the system of six ministries in three provinces began to transform into a system under the door of the Chinese book with higher efficiency in handling government affairs. One of the results of this is the development of a trend towards the separation of civil and military forces. It was not until the reign of Song Renzong that Fan Zhongyan, who was in charge of handling the military affairs of Western Xia, took the refusal to change military ranks as the starting point, and the occupations of civil and military bureaucrats officially diverged, and they rarely switched to each other.

Not only that, but in the Song Dynasty, there was already a separation between the bureaucracy and the military, that is, the military was subordinate to the military and the bureaucracy belonged to the bureaucratic system. The civil servants were sometimes condescending to the military ministers, but the entire bureaucratic group, including the civil and military officials, had more serious discrimination against the military group. At that time, Fan Zhongyan and other generals found in the northwest Di Qing were excluded because they belonged to the military and were not military attaches in the bureaucracy, and it was difficult for them to gain a foothold in the Privy Council.

Because of these problems, a large number of talents prefer to enter the bureaucratic system through the imperial examination, and at most they circulate in the system of military relocation, but they are not enthusiastic about joining the army. At the same time, military command also needs to have a certain degree of talent and talent, for example, the change of various formations requires a certain amount of calculation and thinking, and relatively effective arrangements are made according to the terrain and the situation of the enemy and the enemy, especially in the composite formation composed of a number of basic formations, and the commander even has to understand mathematics to be able to arrange the change of the formation.

In this way, the contradiction arises......

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