After the court, Zhao returned to work in addition to attending the necessary ceremonies. He www.biquge.info to complete the preliminary plan for military reform by the end of the month, and to hand it over to the deacons for discussion and improvement, and to make the best preliminary preparations for the recruitment of the new army, so he devoted all the available time to drafting the military reform plan. As far as he knows, the Song army also underwent several reforms after the founding of the country, but everything has changed from its origin, as the armed forces of the Song Dynasty are mainly composed of the forbidden army, the box army, the township soldiers, and the Fan soldiers, in addition, there are also native troops and archers.

The forbidden army was the central army, including the emperor's Su Guard Army and the Wu Garrison Army, which were subordinate to the Sanya. Its tasks are to defend the imperial palace, defend the capital division, prepare for the conquest and garrison the border counties and important places; The Xiang Army belongs to the local army. It is called the Standing Army, but it is actually a miscellaneous army of the state capitals and certain central agencies. It is under the control of the state government and certain central organs, and is always subordinate to the Guards Mahan Division and the Guards Walker Division. The main tasks are to build cities, make weapons, build roads and bridges, transport grain and reclaim famine, and guard and greet officials. Generally, there is no training, combat mission.

The township soldiers are also called militias. It is a local people's armed force composed of local people who are selected or recruited according to the proportion of household registration. Usually do not detach from production, farm leisure assembly training. Undertake tasks such as repairing cities, transporting grain, catching thieves, or cooperating with the forbidden army to defend the border; The Fan soldiers were the frontier troops in the northwest of the Northern Song Dynasty, composed of the Qiang people and the Qiang people in the border areas of Shaanxi, Hedong and Western Xia. The Turkish army and archers belonged to the local security forces, which were originally servants, and served as the people in turn, and later changed to hire and recruit people, and were subordinate to the county lieutenant department and the inspection department.

The armed forces of the Song Dynasty had two branches, the infantry army and the horse army, and the naval army and the artillery army were attached to the infantry army. Its establishment is divided into four levels: chamber, army, battalion (command), and capital. The chamber has jurisdiction over ten armies, five battalions under military jurisdiction, and five battalions under the jurisdiction of five capitals, each with 100 people. The commanders at all levels are: the commander of the Xiangdu, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the commander of the army, the deputy commander; The head of the capital or the military envoy, the deputy head or the deputy soldier and horse envoy. Command is the basic organizational unit of the forbidden army, and the number of troops is often calculated in terms of mobilization, cantonment, and combat. The Xiang Army, the Township Army, and the Fan Army were the same as those of the Forbidden Army.

The military attachés of the Song Dynasty were distinguished from their rank and military ranks. A military rank officer is a fictitious title that indicates the rank of an official, determines the rank and rank of an official, and has no actual position, and the promotion is called the transfer of officials or capital. Military positions are the actual positions received by officials, and their promotion is called class transfer. The officers of the forbidden army and the Xiang army are called Wei: the commander of the three yas to the commander of the Xiang is called the capital colonel, the military commander is called the general colonel, and the military head and the detained officer are called the section rank. There is no definite order for the promotion of metropolitan schools, and the promotion of schools and sections is usually once every three years. At the same time as the promotion of military ranks, the rank and officers were also promoted to the corresponding grades. The promotion within the section level is mostly based on military merit, martial arts or achievements.

Military service in the Song Dynasty was mainly based on conscription. It is stipulated that the recruitment of troops on all roads shall be carried out by the chief officials or the capital supervisors, and the "soldiers" or "wooden sticks" shall be used as the standard, and the strong and strong shall be selected to fill the forbidden army, and the weak ones shall be filled with the army. Most of the recruits are people who are hungry in disasters and famines, and a system of raising soldiers is implemented in the year of disasters. In addition, the children of the battalion are also encouraged to take over from their fathers and brothers as soldiers, or to fill the army with criminals. Once enlisted, family members can join the army, and generally retire from the army at 60, and their food and clothing supply will be halved. There are bereavement pensions for the families of fallen soldiers, and there are also provisions for resettlement for the disabled.

In order to adapt to the military recruitment system, the Song army implemented a selection system to eliminate the old and weak, and conducted training and assessment according to the upper, middle and lower standards in the spring and autumn of each year. If the martial arts are inferior to the inferior, the horse army will be reduced to an infantry army, and it will not be reduced to a box army. The old and infirm are either in a lower rank, or cut off from the military, or demoted to the surplus and for miscellaneous service in the army.

The source of junior military attachés in the Song Dynasty was mostly promoted from sergeant scarves with military achievements; A small number of people are selected through martial arts training and martial arts. The martial arts students came from the envoys who were appointed at the end, the children of Yin Bu, and the commoners sponsored by the Beijing officials. Learn the art of war, the examples of past dynasties, and martial arts such as mounted archery. Martial arts, martial arts once every three years, those who pass the rank will be awarded the officer, those who fail to pass the martial arts will continue to study in the next year, and those who fail the third test will be exterminated.

The Song Army was a professional army, and theoretically there should be no distinction between peacetime and wartime establishments. However, in fact, this set of establishments did not work well in wartime, and both Fan Zhongyan and Shenzong dynasties in the middle of the period adjusted and reformed the military system. After crossing to the south, Gaozong hastily built up the army in the midst of displacement, reorganized the 'army' as an independent tactical unit, and organized the original 'general' into a number of armies, with a commander or commander as the commander; and according to the strategic defensive direction, the general group was organized into a number of large armies, and the capital commander or the protector army was appointed as the commander. The current military of the current dynasty basically operates according to this example, but it is no longer well adapted to the situation.

Ancient armies did not have a complete division of arms and services like modern armies. Along with the changes in combat weapons, combat methods, and combat areas, some specialized units have gradually been separated, which have a certain military nature. Generally, there are four major types of troops: chariot, foot, horse, and boat. After the Han Dynasty, the chariot soldiers died out, mainly the three major arms of infantry, cavalry, and navy. However, the ancient Chinese armed forces were not mainly organized and commanded according to the branches of the army, and there was never a system of two major branches of the armed forces, land and sea.

In later generations, infantry has always accounted for the vast majority of the army. There are many types of formed infantry, but they generally still maintain the distinction between the two categories in the Qin Dynasty, and they are still mixed. The infantry of the Tang Dynasty also had "strange soldiers" (mobile teams) and "jumping soldiers" (assault teams) who were good at fighting, as well as "crossbow soldiers" who mainly fired weapons. It is worth noting that the ancient infantry tended to rely mainly on firing weapons to fight, especially in the Song Dynasty army, there were many more infantry firing weapons than combat infantry......

Zhao Yu thought that the system of the Song army was not useless from a modern point of view, and that the system of professional soldiers, the system of rotation, the system of civilian-led military affairs, and the system of military affairs were all in line with the modern military system and ideology, but due to the limitations of the times and the needs of feudal autocracy, many aspects were not perfect enough, making some defects difficult to overcome, thus seriously affecting the combat effectiveness of the army.

As for how to carry out reforms, Zhao Yujue does not need to completely overthrow the current military system, but should make adjustments and refinements according to his own existing experience, so as to improve the command system, improve the army's response ability and training level, and develop toward specialization. In addition, we should optimize the treatment and promotion channels of soldiers and soldiers, improve the morale of the army, and then improve the combat effectiveness.

Innovation must start with top-level design. Holding military power is the basis for maintaining autocracy and rule, and of course Zhao Yu cannot let go, but must further strengthen control, and there is no need to ask him to be the supreme commander of the army. Therefore, both the military and political departments and the military orders must be under their own absolute leadership, and no one can act arbitrarily without his orders. Underneath it is a special committee composed of the left and right ministers and the governors to guide and mobilize the army's major policies, followed by the two departments responsible for the implementation of military and political orders and military orders.

A direct consequence of the non-separation of military-political and military orders is that the most important performance appraisal of a soldier's promotion should be to examine his contribution to the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the troops; if the military-government-military orders are not separated, then the person who holds the power of the military-political and military orders can give a one-time assessment of an officer's ability in this regard, and has the great power of "life and death." As a result, the future of the officers and men depends almost entirely on these commanders who combine the military, government, and military commands.

After the military, government, and military command functions are separated, the administrative management of the troops is the responsibility of the administrative heads, and the military command departments will evaluate the combat capability of the officers and men and how much they have contributed to the improvement of the combat effectiveness of the troops, and it will not be a commander who has the final say. In this way, the use of different evaluation systems and different evaluation systems not only makes the assessment of officers and men more comprehensive, but also makes the promotion of officers and men more fair, and also avoids the phenomenon of being dependent on a certain general and forming gangs and gangs. In line with the principle of managing military administration and training and military orders and wars, it is inevitable that the responsibilities and powers of the military department and the Privy Council will also be adjusted.

The military department was a very embarrassing department in the Song Dynasty, and the early ministry was divided into the Privy Council and the Third Class Academy, leaving only the honor guards and the martial arts imperial examinations. After the restructuring of Yuanfeng, the situation of the military department did not change much, the functions and powers did not increase much, the military administration was still in the Privy Council, and the military attache was selected and delegated to the ministry. The headquarters is only in charge of the militia, the name of the Xiang army, the official and the subordinate bureaus. Therefore, there is a ridicule of existence in name only, and a discussion of redundancy.

In accordance with Zhao Yu's concept, the existing functions of the Ministry of War will be adjusted and substantiated, and its basic functions are: unified management of the armed forces throughout the country, including the recruitment, establishment, equipment, and basic training of the forbidden army, the Xiang army, the Fan army, and the township soldiers, as well as the production and deployment of military products, and the assessment, appointment, and punishment of the ranks and salaries of the soldiers. He was in charge of the preparation and deployment of personnel in the theater, as well as the capital hospital, military ranch, military hospital and military court. But there is still no actual military command.

The functions of the military department have changed, so in addition to being under the administration of Shangshu Province, it is also directly under the dual leadership of the emperor. The military department is still led by Shangshu, but there is a two-level difference between the level of the Privy Council in charge of military orders, and it is difficult to reflect parallel management, so Zhao Yu raised the grade of Shangshu of the military department from the second rank to the second rank. There were originally four divisions of the Ministry of War: the Department of War, the Department of Staff, the Department of Driving, and the Department of Treasury, which were respectively in charge of the affairs of the Ministry of War. Later, Zhao Yu put the Ministry of Industry and the Privy Council, which were under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Vehicles, the Ministry of Treasury, and the Metropolitan Academy, and other military departments, all under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, which had laid the foundation for this.

This time, Zhao Yu had to make a major adjustment to the Ministry of War, adjusting the irrelevant Cao Division to the Ministry of War through increases and subtractions, and some of them had to be adjusted to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. In the past, the Department of Military Affairs was equivalent to the general office, which was responsible for assisting the chief officer, and in the past, there was only one Lang Zhong to fill the position. This time, it is necessary to increase and expand the powers and transfer the promotion, examination, change, seniority, and examination of officers who were previously under the control of the Ministry of Military Affairs to the Department of Military Affairs, and the recruitment, registration, and management of relevant military personnel will all be undertaken by the Ministry of Military Affairs.

The duty of the department is to take charge of the tribute and map of the states and the general map of the states, and draw a general map of the whole country, so as to know the dangers of the mountains and rivers in the world. Later, Zhangzhou County was abolished, and Siyi was attached to the maps of the states and the whole country and the maps of the sub-roads and sub-prefectures, so as to know the number of national territory and cities, fortresses, and beacons, which was equivalent to the General Staff General Bureau of Surveying and Mapping.

The original responsibility of the Treasury Department was to take charge of military weapons, honor guards, halogen books, accompanying the army, defending the city and providing accounts, that is, when the emperor traveled, he acted as a guard of honor and a baggage team. Zhao Yu thought that letting the Ministry of War manage these two divisions was purely to find some work for the Ministry of War, so the Treasury Department and the Department of Driving were all assigned to the Ministry of Rites to manage, and the responsibility of the Ministry of War to manage military affairs.

After eliminating unnecessary divisions, Zhao Yu prepared to set up seven major departments in the Ministry of War, including the Infantry Division, the Navy Division, the Cavalry Division, and the Artillery Division, as well as the Military Division, the Baggage Division, and the Military Service Division. In order to popularize the use of firearms and raise the level of training as soon as possible, he felt that it was necessary to raise the use of firearms to the status of a branch of the military.

The main responsibilities of the infantry, marine, cavalry, and artillery divisions are to be in charge of the management and training of the services under their control, and to formulate military discipline codes, training plans, and assessment standards; The Department of Military Affairs is in charge of the personnel and organizational work of the army, formulates relevant laws and regulations, and punishes soldiers who violate laws and disciplines; The Baggage Division is in charge of military production, the mobilization and distribution of grain, armor, and military horses, and the management of military hospitals and post stations; The Department of Military Service is in charge of the recruitment and training of soldiers, as well as the placement of retired soldiers and the pension of casualties.

In terms of the setting of officials, Zhao Yu still took the secretary of the military department as the head official, and set up the left and right attendants to assist the chief officer in charge of the seven divisions, and set up subordinate institutions such as houses and cases under the department according to the situation, and appointed corresponding officials. Shangshu does not need to ask that he is still a scholar, but the department in charge of the military branch is held by a person with a military position, and the head of the squire must also be a military general, and the other three divisions related to logistics are served by a scholar or a warrior according to the situation.

The restructuring of the Privy Council was actually the biggest headache for Zhao Hao, a department that has long occupied an important position in the DPRK. It and Zhongshu Province have the east and west of the two mansions, "in charge of the army, tiger charm", if the emperor's approval, there is the right to mobilize soldiers and horses. The status of the privy envoy is slightly lower than that of the prime minister, and he is collectively referred to as the "consul" along with the governor of the council, the servant of the men, the servant of the middle book, and the squire of the scholar. The reason why the privy envoys of the Song Dynasty raised their status so high and their power was so great was related to the class contradictions and political situation at home and abroad at that time.

The class contradictions in the Song Dynasty were quite acute from the beginning. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, there was an uprising of Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun. On the border, there is also the juxtaposition of ethnic minority regimes such as the Khitan and the Western Xia, forming an urgent situation of border defense. Internal and external troubles made the Song Dynasty need a fairly large army to resist the invasion of ethnic minorities and suppress the resistance of the people at home, so a strong institution was needed to manage this army, which is why the Song Dynasty established the Privy Council......