Chapter 1296 Institutional Safeguards
Zhao Yu thought about things thoroughly before he fell asleep in a daze, and when he woke up, it was already dawn, the convoy had already set up camp, and the smoke had risen everywhere, but he didn't even notice it.
"Your Majesty, does Jiang Shuai have any objections?" Seeing the emperor get out of the car, Ni Liang came up to salute and asked softly.
"What do you think?" Although the royal car is wide, but after sitting on it for a long time, he still feels tired, Zhao Yu stretched his waist, twisted his face to look at Ni Liang, only to see that his eyes were black, and his face was worried, obviously he had been thinking for a long time after hearing his talk with Wang Yinglin last night. He asked, still moving his hands and feet.
"My subordinates don't know. But I think Your Majesty should think twice, after all, Jiang Shuai has a heavy army in his hands at the moment, and the escort is not one of them, if there is a change in his rashness, I am afraid that His Majesty will fall into it! Ni Liang is authentic.
"If Jiang Shuai really rebelled, do you think he would be able to succeed?" Zhao Yu thought that he would defend Jiang Cheng, but what he thought of was his own safety first, and his heart warmed, but his face remained unchanged and he continued to ask.
"The subordinates can't tell clearly, if they rebel against them, their subordinates may not follow them!" Ni Liang thought about it and shook his head.
"Jiang Shuai has been in charge of the forbidden army for more than ten years, and there are many generals among the Jiang clan's children, how can he not obey if he gets into trouble?" Zhao Hao asked again.
"The subordinates thought that the soldiers were taken from the people. If the soldiers are out of the army, the soldiers' families stay in their hometowns, and the officers' families also stay in the battalions and do not fight with the army. Ni Liang replied.
"In that case, why worry about me going, aren't you too worried!" Zhao Hao patted his shoulder and smiled.
"Even so, my subordinates are still worried that someone will take a risk, which will be detrimental to Your Majesty!" Ni Liang was stunned for a moment, and also realized that he had refuted himself, and Shi Shiran said authentically.
"Don't worry, Jiang Shuai has always been loyal and has no objections, I just wonder why he has the intention of retreating." Zhao Yu smiled and comforted him.
"Has Your Majesty ever figured it out?" Ni Liang secretly breathed a sigh of relief, nodded and asked.
"It's because he's thinking too much!" Zhao Hao said with a wry smile.
"Oh, that's what my subordinates think about a lot!" Ni Liang thought for a moment, although he didn't understand where he was thinking too much, but he didn't ask, and sneered a little embarrassedly.
Zhao Yu was also happy. He was confident that the generals would not easily rebel, not only from his own control over the commanders of the various ministries, but also from taking many precautions. After all, the lesson was too painful, in the Mongol-Song War, Tongchuan Fulu appeased the deputy envoy and governor of Luzhou Liu Chengshi with the 15th army, state, and household registration led by 300,000 yuan. Then the Song Dynasty along the Yangtze River Zhuzhou descended to the Yuan Dynasty, along the Yangtze River system set up the deputy envoy, Zhihuang Prefecture Chen Yi surrendered, Qizhou pacification made Zhizhou Guan Jingmo surrender to the city, Jiangzhou Zhizhou Qian Zhensun and Huaixi Road Lu'an Army Cao Ming surrendered to the city, Xiangfan guard general Lu Wenhuan surrendered to the city.
After the Yangtze River defense line was lost, Meng Zhishao, the general commander of Yuezhou, surrendered the city to the Yuan, Zhang Lin, the commander of Chizhou, surrendered to the city, Zhu Huan surrendered to the Yuan with Yangzhou, raised Lu Shikui of the Xingguo Palace in Jiangzhou, and Qian Zhensun Ying, the pacification envoy of Jiangzhou, surrendered the Yuan army, Ye Chang of the Zhinan Kangjun surrendered to the city, Fan Wenhu of Zhi'anqing Mansion surrendered to the city, Gao Shijie, the deputy envoy of Hubei pacification and the governor of Yuezhou, surrendered to the city, and Xia Gui surrendered to the 36 counties of the six prefectures of Huaixi......
The lesson of blood is vivid, and of course Zhao Yu will not turn a blind eye, he thought of this problem when he was reorganizing the new army. In addition to separating the military from the government, sending undercover agents to surveillance, and mixing the number of soldiers, the Song Army also reformed the recruitment system of the Song Army, changing the lifelong service to a limit of seven years, after which they could retire and return to their hometowns. However, after entering Jiangnan, the military system adopted by Zhao Yu was actually similar to the cantonment system founded by Zhao Gou.
The cantonment garrison system was in the early Southern Song Dynasty, and the army went through the process of dispersion to reorganization, and gradually formed five cantonment garrison armies. By the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, the imperial armies were successively set up in Xingzhou, Xingyuanfu, Jinzhou, Jianglingfu, Ezhou, Jiangzhou, Chizhou, Jiankang and Zhenjiangfu, which were under the jurisdiction of the capital and the deputy capital. In this way, he guarded the military important places for a long time to resist the invasion of the enemy, rather than the forbidden army reform implemented in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Zhao Yu followed this practice and organized the Yangtze River defense line with all parts of the forbidden army stationed in important places along the Yangtze River. However, this approach also had the drawbacks of the past, so he absorbed Cao Cao's measures to prevent the army from defecting......
At the end of the Three Kingdoms, Xiahouba's surrender to Shu Han can be called a major event, and in the process of his surrender, Xiahouba did not take a single soldier with him. Another example is Wuqiu Jian in the "Huainan Three Rebellions", in the process of the Shouchun Rebellion, the soldiers would not rebel with him at all. Zhong Hui wanted to stand on his own under the instigation of Jiang Wei. Unexpectedly, before he succeeded, Zhong Hui was killed by his subordinates.
In contrast, the situation in Wu and Shu is not so good. When Meng Da, the general of Shu, surrendered to Wei, he even brought people with him, and the situation of Wu was basically the same. After the destruction of the Shu Kingdom, the Eastern Wu Bu Shen, who took refuge in the Western Jin Dynasty, brought Xiling City and tens of thousands of soldiers with him when he surrendered. So the question is, is it the high loyalty of the soldiers of the Wei State?
Of course not. One of the biggest reasons why the Wei soldiers surrendered and did not follow the generals was the Wei system, which was the wrongful service system created by Cao Cao. The establishment of this special management system made the Wei soldiers hesitate to mutiny, and the core of the wrongful service system was to divide the flesh and blood.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the army adopted the form of "trilogy", that is, family members and soldiers were in one place. Since the warlords only occupied one state or several counties at that time, the soldiers were basically in the local area, and their families were also with them. Later, the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu also retained the "trilogy" system. However, the Wei State was a maverick, "the servants lived on one side", and separated their families from the soldiers, which was called "wrongful service".
During the Cao Cao period, this situation was quite common. For example, after Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, Yuan Shang's soldiers, who surrendered to Jizhou, were transferred to the south of Xudu to garrison. After Cao Cao drove away Ma Chao, he transferred the soldiers from the Guanzhong region to the eastern part of the country. After Cao Cao, Sima Zhao, after quelling the rebellion in Huainan, also transferred the surrendered troops of Eastern Wu to the Central Plains.
In addition to the transfer of soldiers, the families of soldiers are often transferred to other places. In Yecheng, the core area of the Wei State, there is a special group of "scholars". These people are like the hostages of soldiers. The soldiers went to various places to garrison, while their families lived near Yecheng. Not only that, but their household registration does not change, and their family members have been in the army for generations. This system is very similar to the military household system of the later Yuan Dynasty, in which these "scholars" not only lived together, but also intermarried within the "scholars".
Why is it only Cao Cao who implements the wrongful service system? This has something to do with the environment in which Wei lived. The establishment of the Wei State was achieved through the annexation of various warlords in the Central Plains. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population and economy of the Central Plains surpassed those of other regions. During the annexation process, the warlords Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Lü Bu, Tao Qian, Liu Biao, Han Sui, and Zhang Lu were not trusted by Cao Cao, so they had to isolate their families from the soldiers to ensure loyalty.
Moreover, starting from the Yellow Turban Uprising, the Central Plains suffered from war. The population has been greatly reduced and the land has become barren. And Cao Cao attaches great importance to the resumption of production. And manpower is the most important part of the restoration of production in ancient times. As a result, Cao Cao often migrated to reclaim wasteland to restore the devastated economy. Therefore, the relocation of family members is also an important measure to prevent the loss of population and soldiers.
Compared with Wei, the situation in Wu and Shu was relatively simpler. Since Lü Meng's "crossing of the river in white clothes", the main control area of Shu was Yizhou, and only the Chengdu Plain and Hanzhong were more densely populated. Although the area under the control of Wu appeared to include the southern part of Jingzhou and the vast areas of Yangzhou and Jiaozhou, in fact only a few cities along the Yangtze River were relatively densely populated. Therefore, the trilogy system has been inherited.
However, the risks of doing so are considerable. Because once a military general surrenders to the enemy, it is taken away by the roots. If one side is still too defended, then directly bring all the people in the city to surrender. The surrender of the Western Jin Dynasty was to dedicate the entire Xiling City to the Western Jin Dynasty, if it were not for Lu Kang to quell the rebellion, it is estimated that the unification of the Three Kingdoms would have advanced a lot.
Cao Cao's wrongful service law, though harsh, was effective in promoting military loyalty. The most typical example of this is the rebellion of Wuqiu Jian, "Huainan soldiers, their families are all in the north, everyone is depressed, and those who surrender belong to each other, but the new farmers in Huainan are used for it." "It can be imagined that if it weren't for the wrongful service law, if the Huainan soldiers were also in the local area like Wu Guo, they would definitely resist desperately. It was precisely because of the wrongful service law that Wu Qiu Jian could only use the newly annexed local peasants to fight.
In addition, the wrongful service law also has a certain deterrent effect on generals. Sima Yi served in the army for a long time, but when he launched the coup d'état in Gaopingling, he did not use his own army in the northwest, but his own dead soldiers. If it weren't for Cao Shuang being fooled into becoming a "rich man", Sima Yi estimated that he would also be quite weak-minded. In addition to Sima Yi, there is also Zhuge Dan of the Huainan Rebellion.
The legal system of wrongful service played an irreplaceable role in maintaining the rule of Cao Wei, and it was also inherited by the Western Jin Dynasty. In subsequent dynasties, the wrongful service law also appeared in the military system from time to time. However, in the Song Dynasty, this system was abolished because it "separated the soldiers from their families and made the management of the army too cruel." Instead, military personnel can bring their families to serve, and special buildings are built in the barracks to accommodate their families, even if the army is in a new position, and family members can move with the army.
Before entering Jiangnan to implement the cantonment system, Zhao Yu had already ordered that soldiers were not allowed to bring their families, and only officers above the command could have their families with the army, but they were not allowed to move with the army when they went out on the expedition. At first, he was only forced to adopt this method because of financial difficulties, otherwise he would not only have to build a large number of dormitories, but also take care of his family when he was transferred, which meant that 10,000 soldiers would have to be accompanied by at least 20,000 or 30,000 family members, which he could not afford at that time.
As the situation evolved, the system was adapted to the actual situation, and the shortened length of service and the triennial family leave allowed soldiers to get a little relief from homesickness......