At that time, after the news was known by Huang Taiji, he immediately sent Dolgon, Yuetuo, Sakhalian, and Haoge to lead 10,000 troops to make a third expedition to Chahar, taking advantage of the fog to surround Ezhe's camp.

In the end, Ezhe couldn't resist and surrendered to the Eight Banners with the jade seal of the country, the Mongol Empire was officially declared extinct, and all of Monan Mongolia was surrendered by the Houjin.

After Huang Taiji got the jade seal of the country, he was honored as Bogda Chechen Khan by the nineteen feudal lords of Monan Mongolia headed by Ezhe, that is to say, the Mongols degenerated to find a Manchurian as the Great Khan for themselves.

After Huang Taiji became the Great Khan of Mongolia, he changed the name of the country from Jin to Daqing in the following year, and established the Qing Empire.

Later, Huang Taiji divided the Chahar Mongols, divided the left and right wings of the Chahar Eight Banners, named Ezhe as the prince, and married the queen daughter Makatagge to him.

During the rebellion of the three feudatories, the leader of the Chahar tribe, Bulni, raised an army against the Qing and was suppressed by the Qing army, so the descendants of Lin Dan Khan were killed.

Monan Mongolia never went to war with the Qing army again.

Throughout the process of Mongol conquest by the Qing Dynasty, it was entirely caused by the Mongols' own incompetence.

Since the Ming Dynasty drove the Mongols out of the Central Plains, Mongolia was divided and attacked each other like enemies, which gave the Qing an opportunity to divide the Mongol tribes and isolate the headquarters of Lin Dan Khan.

In the end, the Qing Dynasty exterminated the golden family of Zhenggen, and the orthodox Khan power of Mongolia was seized by the Manchus, and the Mongols did not have the Great Khan of their own nation.

What's more funny is that although the Mongols couldn't win the Manchu Qing, they were very successful in marrying their daughters.

The first three queens of the Qing Dynasty were all county lords of the Horqin tribe, the most famous being the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang.

And when the children of the Eight Banners fell, the cavalry troops of Mongol became the absolute backbone of Manchu rule.

During the Second Opium War, the troops of the bloody battle between Seng Lingqin and the British and French forces at Bali Bridge were the Mongolian cavalry of Horqin.

The Khalkha Mongols were divided, and the Dzungar Khanate, which belonged to the Moxi Mongol lineage, fought with the Qing Dynasty for 70 years, and after the three dynasties of Kang, Yongqian, and the Qing Dynasty finally conquered the Dzungar Khanate.

Monan Mongols were the Mongols who truly implemented the Qing Dynasty's policy of "Manchu and Mongolian integration" and belonged to the Manchurian partners.

The relationship between the Khalkha Mongols and the Qing Dynasty was even worse.

Moxi Mongolia, this Mongol group is also divided into three forces.

Among them, the Turks were squeezed out by the Dzungars and settled in the lower reaches of the Volga River, and later were oppressed by Tsarist Russia and returned to the Qing Dynasty under the leadership of the leader Wu Baxi, and some Turks remained in Tsarist Russia.

This group of Moxi Mongols had no grievances with the Qing Dynasty and had a relatively good relationship.

The other part is the Heshuo Special Division, Qinghai Mongolia and the Shuote Department of Luobu Zang Danjin rebelled during the Yongzheng period.

The history outside the Guanwai is actually the history of the Mongols who were killed by the Manchus after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty.

Among the Manchu and Mongolian families, the scope of the Mongols is actually very limited.

The actual situation in the last years of the Ming Dynasty was that during the late Jiajing, Longqing and Wanli dynasties, the Ming cabinet, and the military and political chiefs of the border towns of Liaodong and Jizhou, they all regarded Mongolia as the most threatening enemy for a long time.

And the Ming Dynasty began to notice the threat of Jianzhou Nurhachi, which did not appear until the twenty-eighth year of Wanli, in 1600.

In this year, Nurhachi killed Mengeblu, the last chief of Haisihada, the fifth son of Wangtai, the old minister of Hada.

Although Meng Gebulu was incompetent, he inherited the titles of Dragon and Tiger General and Governor from his father in the Ming Dynasty.

Although the Ming Dynasty was also dissatisfied with Menggebulu, who had low political ability, Menggebulu also adhered to the consistent line of actively establishing relations with the Ming Dynasty during Menggebulu's reign in Hada.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the four Jurchens of Haixi, Hada was once strong, and now he has become the first to be destroyed.

After Nurhachi killed Mengeblu, the power of the Jianzhou Jurchens developed to Kaiyuan Nanguan.

The balance of power between the Jianzhou Jurchens and the Haixi Jurchens was broken, which aroused the vigilance of the Ming Dynasty.

In the first month of the twenty-ninth year of Wanli, the Ming Dynasty sent an envoy to Jianzhou, reprimanded Nurhachi on this matter, and threatened to close Fushun Ma City and cut off his rank of Dragon and Tiger General.

Nurhachi had no choice but to retreat and repent to the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty took the opportunity to say that it wanted to appoint Urgudai, the son of Menggebulu, as the new leader of Hada.

Nurhachi immediately agreed.

In July of that year, under the auspices of the Ming Dynasty, Nurhachi swore an oath outside Fushun Pass to send the Urgudai detained in Jianzhou to the Ming army, and the Ming army escorted it to Hada City to inherit the leader. But when Hada encountered a famine and was swallowed by Yehe, Urgudai was young and unable to control the situation, and more than a month later, he took the initiative to return to Jianzhou.

At this time, the Haixi Jurchen Yehe, the Inner Khalkha Mongolian fried flowers-Zaisai, etc., all showed unruliness, or often invaded the border, or frequently encroached on neighboring parts.

Even though the Ming Dynasty had become somewhat wary of Nurhachi, it only regarded him as one of the many unstable factors in the Liaodong region.

In the Ming Dynasty, starting from the Jiajing period, the main border troubles in the northern Saiwai region were still the Mongols.

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, due to the strong power of the right-wing Tumut in southern Mongolia, the "captivity" was mainly the Tumut Hada Khan.

The core area of Alda Khan is the Hetao Plain south of Dayin Mountain, which threatens the northwestern border towns of Xuanda, Yansui and Ningxia.

However, Tumut's power grew too fast, crowding out the left-wing Chahar, causing the Chahar to move eastward.

Since the middle of the Jiajing Dynasty, Tumut, which has gradually eroded eastward, has frequently entered the fortress from Xifengkou and other places, invading the Jizhen defense area east of Jingshi.

The Tumut cavalry also repeatedly threatened Shanhaiguan and Yongping, Fengrun and other places.

After Chahar moved eastward, a chain effect was formed, which also threatened western Liaoning and Jizhen.

Therefore, the "captivity" of the Jiajing period was the most serious.

During the same period, the Ming Dynasty actively supported the Hada Wangzhong Wangtai and realized the use of Hada to restrain the Haixi and Jianzhou Jurchens.

In the fifth year of Longqing, after a series of events such as the Longqing Peace Conference and the Fenggong of Yuda were reached, the right-wing Mongolian invasion activities stopped, and the border troubles in Xuanda, Yansui, Ningxia and other northwestern border towns basically ended.

Previously, the eastward migration of Chahar and the southward movement of the five Inner Khalkha tribes led to too many Mongolian forces operating outside the border wall from Jizhou to western Liaoning, and the grassland resources could not carry too many people.

The Chahar and Nekharkhal not only encroached on the territory of the former Uliangha Sanwei, but also frequently invaded the border walls.

At this time, the Ming Dynasty was the period of Longwan reform, through the opening of the sea ban, the rectification of officials, the implementation of the new tax law, the appointment of a group of young strong generals, etc., Qi Jiguang guarded Jizhen, Li Chengliang Zhenliao, and the Ming army and Chahar Tumen Khan and other forces adopted a hard-fought confrontation.

During the same period, Hada Wangtai continued to play a role for the Ming Dynasty as the leader of the Jurchen Great Chieftain League, who could command the Haixi and Jianzhou tribes. Although there are Ye He, Wang Gao, etc., with the assistance of Wang Tai, they can be easily suppressed or arrested.

In the summer of the tenth year of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng and Hada Wangtai died one after another. Yeh began to look up.

Under the auspices of Li Chengliang, the eastern Liaodong region gradually unified the Jurchens in Jianzhou by supporting Nurhachi, and reached a balance of power on a parity with the Jurchen forces in Haixi, so as to ensure that the Jurchen tribes would still not be a border trouble.

In the nineteenth year of Wanli, Li Chengliang was impeached and sent to the wilderness; The following year, Toyotomi Hideyoshi invaded the dynasty.

Due to the sudden outbreak of the war to aid Korea, the Liao army of the Ming Dynasty was transferred to Korea in large numbers to participate in the war.

The Mongolian tribes outside the border wall of western Liaoning not only took the opportunity to raise the price of horses in the horse market, as a strategic resource, after the Ming army entered the war, the demand for horses increased sharply, and also set off a continuous invasion of the eastern Liaodong region.

The career situation of the military and political chief of Liaodong in the Ming Dynasty can explain all this.

In October of the twenty-first year of Wanli, Han Zhaoshan, the governor of Liaodong, was dismissed from his post because of "the capture of Jinyi."

Surrounded the rabbit in Liaoyang, Duoyan Xiaoqing, Fuyu Boyan'er divided the Jin and righteousness, plundered the fine river, and the governor Han took the good seat and was exempted. ”

Lord Han was incompetent against the enemy, was impeached, and was laid off to ask for his guilt.

Put the rabbit, whose real name is Buyan Batur, is the head of the Inner Khalkha Bahrain Tribe; Xiao Xiaoqing, whose real name is Daiqing Du Ling, is the leader of the Ao Han tribe.

After Han Takshan, he was succeeded by Lee Hwa-ryong.

Governor Li has been in office for three years, May 22 ~ April 25 of Wanli, and his performance is not bad.

Adopt a civilian-military approach to Mongolia.

Wu, there are a series of battles such as the victory of Zhenwu Fort and the nest of Montenegro, which struck down the Nekhalkha with frequent internal crimes, and he was also rewarded by the Wanli Emperor, so the governor's position was stable for three years.

Text, the Mashi Wood Market in Kaiui Prefecture can not only appease Mongolia with economic benefits, but also quickly raise resources such as horses and timber to support the Korean battlefield.

In April of the 25th year of Wanli, Li Hualong begged for retirement due to illness, and his successor was Zhang Sizhong.

Master Zhang was the most unlucky, less than a month after taking office, the governor's position was not hot, and he was ousted.

Because the chief military officer of Liaodong at that time was Li Rusong, the eldest son of Li Chengliang.

In April, the captives committed the border again, and Li Rusong led his troops to pursue and died in an ambush.

The chief military officer of Liaodong was killed, and as the governor of Liaodong, Zhang Sizhong was unfavorable to the enemy, and he was responsible for not paying attention to the enemy's situation, and he was held accountable for his duties.

After Zhang Sizhong, Li Zhi became the governor again.

Master Li served as the governor for three years with trepidation, and the result was the same: "The fried flowers were committed in Liaodong, the deputy commander-in-chief was defeated, and the governor Li Zhi dismissed the official to listen to the investigation." ”

Li Zhizhi was ousted in the twenty-eighth year of Wanli.

At the beginning of this answer, the author said that Nurhachi's killing of Mengebulu was also in the twenty-eighth year of Wanli.

Liaodong General Military Officer, we can simply understand it as the commander of the Liaodong Military Region; The governor of Liaodong, the political and military prosecutions, etc., can intervene, and their powers are much greater than those of high-ranking officials in Liaodong.

So many Liaodong generals and governors of Liaodong were either killed in battle or removed from their posts during the defense of the Mongols, and none of them were removed from their posts because they were not good for dealing with the Jurchens.

At that time, the border situation in Liaodong was from the Jiajing Dynasty, the Longqing Dynasty, and the Wanli Dynasty to the middle and early periods, including the war to aid Korea, and the most threatening enemies in the Liaodong region of the Ming Dynasty were always the Mongol tribes in southern China, not the Jurchens.

Even in the twenty-eighth year of Wanli, after Nurhachi killed Menggebulu and annexed Hada, it aroused the vigilance of the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty did not consider Nurhachi to be the biggest hidden danger, but only ranked him alongside Neikhalkha and Yehe as one of the many unstable forces in Liaodong.

The Jianzhou Jurchen power was further strengthened and became the most threatening foreign enemy of the Ming Dynasty after the 33rd to 36th year of Wanli (1605~1608).

In the thirty-third year of Wanli, Qian Da, the governor of Jiliao, conspired with Zhao Ji, the governor of Liaodong, and Li Chengliang, the chief military officer, to abandon the six forts of Kuandian, and the Jurchen of Jianzhou had 800 miles of fertile soil outside the border wall, which could vigorously develop agriculture, which was one of them.

In the thirty-fifth year of Wanli, in the battle of Wujieyan, Jianzhou defeated Wula, and tens of thousands of Wula prisoners and Jurchen Zhuang men in the East China Sea enriched the population of the headquarters. This is the second one.

After the battle of Wujieyan in the 35th year of Wanli and the battle of Yihan Mountain City in the following year, the power of the Jianzhou Jurchens developed to the lower reaches of the Tumen River and opened up the road to the East China Sea.

As a result, the Jianzhou Jurchens began to monopolize the mink ginseng trade and raised the price on the ground. This is the third.

After the above-mentioned events in the 33rd to 36th year of Wanli (1605~1608), the real strength of the Jianzhou Jurchens began to surpass those of the Inner Khalkha of Monan, Mongolia.

There is a very important thing, in December of the 33rd year of Wanli, the five Mongolian tribes of Inner Khalkha sent envoys, under the leadership of Eng Deltaiji of the Bayue Department, to Hetu Alla to pay homage to Nurhachi, and the five Khalkha tribes honored Nurhachi with the title of "Kundulun Khan".

In the culture of the Manchu and Mongolian peoples, calling others Khan and calling themselves Khan are both things of great political significance.

The five Khalkha Mongolian nobles, who respected Nurhachi, the leader of the Jianzhou Jurchens, as Khan, recognized Nurhachi's status as higher and recognized that the Jianzhou Jurchens were stronger at this time.

And Nurhachi is also very good at advancing two and retreating one, after arousing the vigilance of the Ming Dynasty, as long as the Ming Dynasty sends someone to reprimand, he also takes the initiative to repent and work hard to mend the relationship.

Even though he was already Kundulun Khan, he was still careful to maintain his relationship with the Ming Dynasty.

At the end of the 36th year of Wanli, Nurhachi and his younger brother Shulhachi also brought a huge tributary team of more than 500 people to Beijing in the Ming Dynasty to pay tribute and show loyalty to the Wanli Emperor.

The Wanli Emperor awarded 357 tributes to Jianzhou and other guards, women, Zhiyiren, Nuer, Hachi, and Wule, as usual; Awarded to 140 tributes such as Jianzhou Right Guard, Nu Zhiyi, and Suer Hachi, as usual.

Therefore, the thirty-third to thirty-fifth year of Wanli is a key point.

After defeating Ula, annexing Ula and tens of thousands of Jurchen men in the East China Sea, opening up the East China Sea Mink Road, controlling the horse market trade, and occupying 800 miles of Kuandian to develop agriculture, the Jianzhou Jurchen became the most threatening challenger to the Ming Dynasty in Liaodong at this time.

And this time is only 12 years after Nurhachi finally rebelled against the Ming.

If you want to fully understand the social and ethnic relations in Liaodong in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and understand topics such as the Ming and Qing wars, don't just look at the information of the Ming and Jurchen sides, which is purely a blind man touching an elephant.

It is necessary to classify the five political forces of the Ming Dynasty, the Mongols, the Haixi Jurchens, the Jianzhou Jurchens, and the Joseon Dynasty, and clarify the intricate relationship between them and their interactions and mutual influences.

On this cold night, it was impossible for Ngder Taiji of the Bayute Department to surrender to Nurhachi, but he could suggest to Zoriktu: "Brother, this is not a problem, tomorrow at dawn, the Jin people will definitely beat us again, it seems that this time Nurhachi will drive us out." ”

Several other clan leaders agreed with Engdel's words and nodded their heads.

"Then what do you mean?" Zorictu frowned.

Previously, Engdel had proposed to surrender Nurhachi and respect Nurhachi as Khan.

Before reversing Houjin this time, Zhuo Liktu asked everyone's opinions, including Engdel, can't he just come out and surrender Houjin again immediately, right?

Zorictu secretly thought that if he really said that, he would be pushed out by them as a scapegoat at most!

If everyone thinks that he can save Nekharka by being a scapegoat, it will be a big deal to die, as long as it doesn't involve Drotmur and Ulan Tuyaqig.

Ulan Tuyaqige was clever and clever, and immediately guessed what Engel wanted to say, and said angrily: "Uncle Engel! Do you want to surrender to the Jin people and make my father a scapegoat? ”

"No, no, you misunderstood, how can you, do such a thing, are you still Mongolians?" Engel waved his hand and said: "I mean, let's see if we can talk to Jin Ren, they are chasing and killing like this, they will definitely not be able to kill so many of us, and in two days, we will be able to reach the edge of the Great Wall of the Ming Army." They also had to kill a lot of people. ”

"Peace talks?" Zorictu frowned.