Not only Chongzhen alone has the feeling of being in a troubled city, but Li Shouhan, the prince of Liang Guo, who commanded the army of land and water stationed in Nanjing at this time, also deeply sympathizes.

In order to avoid suspicion, but also to show his attitude, and to let his ears be quieter, Li Shouhan set up his line in Xiaolingwei outside Nanjing.

More than 10,000 soldiers and horses of the Guards Brigade and the Naval Division and the Land Battalion of the Navy, who accompanied him to the north, camped in various parts of Nanjing City according to their assigned duties. Although Li Shouhan himself never entered the city, the gunboats on the river, the soldiers and horses stationed in the city, and the streets with red and white armbands patrolling the streets with iron rulers and short sticks.

The arrival of his army immediately relieved the nobles of the Ming clan who had gathered in Nanjing like a group of flies and maggots that had been smashed into the garbage heaps and dung pits that they had been entrenched in for many years. Even if the imperial court raises the prince of the clan as a pig again, they can still hear the news that the elite under the command of Liang Guogong has switched to the north and south in recent years. The stationing of this army made their uneasy hearts suddenly calm and peaceful. Therefore, I can't take care of the court's etiquette system, and in times of crisis, my life is naturally the most important. What princes, county kings, Fengguo generals, honor guests and other members of the clan lined up to deliver their names in front of the Xiaolingwei camp to ask to see Liang Guogong.

If it is a year or half a year, maybe Li Shouhan will take the time to come out to meet this group of parasites. However, there is no time and energy for that now!

He found that after going north to Jiangnan, the Nanyue army put itself on a crater. In a dilemma!

The reason is also very simple, generals from all over the country wrote urgent reports. Report a situation they are facing.

That was the peasant movement that was called "slavery" and "tenant rebellion" by the gentry everywhere!

The slave rebellion mainly occurred in Jiangsu, Anhui and other provinces, while the tenant rebellion was mainly concentrated in southern and northern Jiangxi.

In fact, if there is no Li Shouhan's crossing behavior, the distribution range of this popular uprising will increase to Fujian.

Fujian. Because there are many mountains and few lands, a large number of people go to the sea to make a living. However, after all, it is only the coastal areas that can go to sea, and the people in southern Fujian, western Fujian, and northern Fujian are still struggling to face the loess with their backs to the sky. Compared with other regions, the people here have an extra layer of exploitation, and that is the powerful clan power generated by the mixed settlement of the Turks. However, a landlord who worships his ancestors in the same ancestral hall will not be so merciful to you because you and he were the same ancestor hundreds of years ago.

When the landlord of Ninghua, Fujian Province collects rent. "Take twenty liters as a barrel, and rent a barrel; And the 16 liters of the barrel, called the ya, along the example. "Between one entry and one exit, the burden on the tenants increases by a quarter. In addition to the regular tenant rent, the tenants were forced to pay winter animals and soybean cakes, and implemented the old practice of sending rent to the warehouse.

Similar methods also appeared in some places in Jiangxi, and the gentry also "rented grain from Zhuangtian." all changed to use Dendrobium"; Shicheng County: "The old rule is that for every stone rented, one bucket was collected." It's called Barrel Noodles. This is the so-called "big bucket in and small bucket out" in the legend. (Those who say that the landlords are benevolent elders are probably brainwashed by the works of the poor aunt.) Say something like Huang Shiren shouldn't die. To be honest, if the person who said this went to Huang Shaodong's house to borrow two buckets of rice, you saw that Mu Renzhi asked you for a few stones after the twenty-third day of the lunar month! Look at that time, can you still say that Aunt Poor Bites is right, and she is right?! ）

If there is no such high rent, plus the public expenses of the ancestral hall, the taxes of the official family. The peasants could grit their teeth and hold on, but with such a heavy burden on their heads, they had to take risks. This is why Fujian, Guangdong and other places have always been called the hometowns of overseas Chinese. Let's ask, if you can have a bowl of Ansheng rice in your hometown. Who wants to go to a wild place to make a living?

However, the people in the interior are not so lucky. If they take risks, they will be plotting rebellion and rebellion in the mouths of the official gentry.

"At the beginning, between Jiashen and Yiyou, Jizhou changed a lot. The pale head swarms, and the tenants and servants do not succeed from it. Cattle slaughtering and pig gatherings, jumping beams. Thousands of people in each village, each with a ditch, cracked clothes for the flag, the hoe for the blade, all of them are called the king of the shovel, the shovel master and servant, the noble and the low, the rich and the poor. The tenants each attacked their master's clothes, entered the high gate, divided their houses, and scattered them. bind his lord to the pillar, and whip it. When each group drinks, he orders the Lord to kneel down and drink the wine, and criticizes the number of his cheeks, saying, 'All the people, why do you call me as a slave?' Now and then the other way around. 'This wind **** in Anfu, Luling, followed by immersion and eternal new. ”

The tenants in Jiangxi proposed to abolish the so-called barrel noodles that cost one load of grain per rent, and the tenants responded enthusiastically. On this basis, the tenants were organized into field soldiers, and the content of the struggle also developed from abolishing the bad rules of barrels and noodles to reducing the amount of rent, stopping the payment of seven or eight buckets with one stone, and putting forward the demand for perpetual tenant rights. Due to the relatively strong power of the local landlords and gentry, Wu Wanqian, the head of the tenants, contacted the customers of Ningdu, Ruijin, and Ninghua, (this customer is not the company customer you mentioned, but refers to the Hakka people.) Repeatedly besieged the county seat.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Jiangxi Longnan and Dingnan had "Esoteric Yang Xilai to confuse the public with demons". Shi Zai: "Xilai is a slave of the He family in Dingnan, and has been wandering in foreign countries for several years. Returning suddenly, claiming to be guided by the teacher, now when Maitreya is in the lower realm, he threatens the foolish people with the earth's upside down, copper wind and iron rain, and he will enter his religion to avoid disaster. Because it was to incite tens of millions of men and women, a church was set up in Zhangtian, Dingnan County, and the secret practitioners all went to Longhua on the first day of June this year. For a while, the foolish people stirred up, and some abandoned their parents' and wives' property and disregarded them. In the evening, the secret of the abdomen disciples, each selected the elite, awarded the weapon, the cloud to the next division of the victory to raise the sword and shout, the city collapsed. To the division of the test of its technique failed. The battalion soldiers fired artillery and wounded several people, and everyone rushed to the ground. ”

In December of the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Hu Chenglong, Fenghua County, Zhejiang, led the local peasants to revolt in Xuedou Mountain, "claiming to be the general of Tianmeng State", "changing the Yuan Zongzhen, saying that Chongzhen removed his head and skinned it". The so-called "Tianmeng Country" is estimated to have the meaning of overwhelming the "Ming Dynasty".

As for the peasants in Henan, Biyuan and other places who rebelled for their own survival, there are many descriptions in the previous article, so I will not repeat them here. All in all, the vassal kings and gentry in various places are the best allies and staunch supporters of Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong. They were constantly provided with soldiers, weapons, and food.

This is the so-called tenant change in Fujian and Jiangxi. Because of Li Shouhan. The Nanyue Army extended its hand into Fujian and Guangdong as early as possible, implemented a new money and grain system here, and at the same time organized a large-scale population to go to sea to reclaim famine. The labour force was reduced, and the tenant rent had to be lowered. What's more, because Li Shouhan frantically attacked the clan forces, the ancestral halls everywhere were demolished, and the painting skin of the clan sacrifice public welfare organization was torn off. revealed the original face of a tool for collecting money. The ancestral hall also became no longer sacred, but only a place of worship. When there are no festivals, it is a school.

Because of these means, the tenant mutiny that originally occurred in Fujian and the slave thieves that occurred in Guangdong quietly disappeared into invisibility. (By the way, Wu Qionghua in the movie Red Detachment of Women, her identity is the slave of the Nanba Heavenly Family.) You read that right, in the more than 20 years of the Republic of China, there were still slaves in the homes of officials and social elites of the Republic of China. ）

You can say that Hainan Island is a remote and backward area. Savage Lands. Good! I don't argue with you. So, the land south of the Yangtze River can be regarded as a rich and developed place where humanity gathers, right? As early as the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang clearly promulgated the decree of exempting slaves for good, and made strict restrictions on the official gentry and animal slaves. However, as time went on, the culture of animal slavery prevailed again. Especially in the south, the gentry landlords bought and accepted refuge. He has a large number of slaves and maidservants. In the late Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan Shida's family not only relied on slaves and maids for service in the family. And part of the land was cultivated by slaves. Mr. Gu Yanwu, a famous Ming fan, said, "In the house of Wu Shieun today, there are as many as one or two thousand people. "Peasants who have become slaves," the surname of the son is a slave, and he is not the master of his own family, and he has no way to get out of the register. "Their children are called human slaves or domestic slaves. The head of the family has the right to enslave and transfer. In some places, it was strictly forbidden for slaves to read and write, in order to keep them in a position of ignorance and easy servitude.

What does that mean? It is the Eight Banners slave system that has been criticized by countless people, and the masters and slaves are scolded to the sky. However, the masters of the Eight Banners did not prohibit their minions from advancing either through studying for the imperial examination or through military exploits. As long as you admit that you will always be my minion. Dream of Red Mansions. Isn't there a similar description, everyone is also a slave, but she also makes slaves at home, Qingwen is the maid she bought, and later gave it to Jia's mother. Her son also went out to be an official, and she could invite Jia Mu and others to her garden to have fun for a day, which can be said to have earned enough face. As for saying that the slaves are well mixed, the official residence is a good product, and the master is defeated and carries a big car on the street, these things abound in various wild history and miscellaneous conversations in the late Qing Dynasty.

Which system is darker and less human? Not to mention that the Manchu Tartars are a group of uneducated savages! How come you don't know that you have a monopoly on the right to read and get an education? Why don't you know how to block the passage to progress?

And how did the Jiangnan gentry treat their minions?

In the historical materials, it is said: "I have heard of the miserable lord in the south of the Yangtze River, or there is a harsh blind drive, which is more complicated than the "Covenant". Nuduo has no food on his abdomen, no skirt on his knees and ankles, and no skin on his hips and backs. The slave girl is at the end of the match (壻), and the flea breaks its melon; If the woman is not coupled, cut it first. If the housewife is jealous, there will be forging and selfishness, nagina fur and sewing skin, and ugly and painful voices, which will be heard outside."

The origin of this phenomenon came from Zhang Juzheng's reforms. A whip law and gentry privileges hastened the contribution, which in turn brought with it a large number of slaves and maids.

Li Shouhan ordered the Southern Guangdong Army to advance from south to north along the main roads of Fujian, Zhejiang, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other provinces, and after he led the naval division north along the coast into the mouth of the Yangtze River, the news of the rebellion of peasants, slaves, and tenants in various places came like snowflakes.

The reason for this scene is due to the travels of Zhang Xianzhong, the eighth king, in various parts of the Yangtze River, and the other is caused by Li Shouhan himself.

The gentry from all over the country certainly earned a lot of silver dollars through trade with Nanzhong, and they also collected a lot of overseas treasures such as Nanzhong or more distant Tianzhu and Tianfang. However, the life of tenants, slaves, and peasant households was even more difficult. At the same time, with the impact of fine cotton cloth and white sugar on all parts of the south of the Yangtze River, there are also businessmen intentionally or unintentionally brought to Nanzhong, systems, and so on.

When these businessmen boasted to the onlookers that Nanzhong was an official and a slave who would one day become free men, and that they could also change their status through military exploits or other contributions, they probably did not expect that when they were foaming at the mouth and boasting, they had already sown the fire.

When the news of Li Zicheng's Dashun army's large-scale attack in the Yellow River valley crossed the Huai River and flew across the Yangtze River to the south of the Yangtze River, another bucket of hot oil was added to the already piled up dry firewood. The news that the Nanyue army from the south was heading north became the little spark that ignited the fire.

In the eyes of these peasant slaves. Since these money, food, and personal systems were proposed by Grandpa Guo, and they have also been well implemented under Grandpa Guo's rule, so that everyone can cultivate on their own land, and they are all working hard for their own lives. Before, we didn't belong to the grandfather of the country here, it was our shallow life, but now the emperor has opened the grace of heaven. If our provinces in Jiangnan are also under the jurisdiction of Grandpa Guo, then we should ask Grandpa Guo and his old man to implement this system in all parts of Jiangnan!

With such a simple idea, the peasant slaves took action on their own.

In Jintan, Taicang and other places close to Nanjing, the original slaves organized themselves and called themselves "nose shaving classes". The origin of this name is that in some places in the south of the Yangtze River, "it is called a slave and a nose". The name of the class, "Nose Shaping", is to cut off the identity and lineage of slaves.

For this period of history, the late Ming Dynasty literati Zhang Mingbi's "Nose Shaving Class Record", "Jinsha Fine Spit", and Wang Jiazhen's "Miscellaneous Records of Observations and Experiences in the Research Hall" all have very wonderful and detailed descriptions.

"Miscellaneous Records of Observations and Experiences in Yantang" records the situation in Taicang Prefecture, Jiangsu, and says: "Wulou customs. Extremely heavy master and servant. When a man becomes a slave in a rich family, he establishes a deed of life, and he does not dare to stand for the rest of his life. There is a service calling, and I dare not lose my size. And the children and grandchildren shall not leave the nationality for generations. …… Yi Youchao, there are those who advocate Sochi, and how can the slave be the same as before? A thousand responses. Each to the main gate, the deed of retreat. The host holds the paper. Later, the house was set on fire, and there was a person who bound the master. Although the most compatible and the most favored, at this time, each face is a tiger and a wolf, and the old fist is evil. Where the little Xi is fine. Whoever is in the master's place shall be drawn out immediately, and shall not be delayed for half a moment. There are people who are not accustomed to well cooking, so they have to raise their own fires. from the city to the town, and from the villages, and especially in the eastern village. Gongs were sounded and thousands of people marched every day. The whole family. The master is down, killing, looting, burning, and turning his fingers. …… The initiator in the city is Yu Boxiang, so Wang's slave. A call to respond, claiming that the merit is in the future, and wants to record the stone, but the generation is unified, and it is not as good as the descendants. ”

And there is also a very specific description in "The Record of the Nose Shaving Class": "There is a harsh gentry, and if you don't want to whip it, you will be whipped, and the slave will be resentful." The slave is scratched and gathered, and then the gentry are bound to the city god temple, and there is a bamboo rod in the temple, and the end of the rod is five inches, and the accumulation is one inch. Count the cane of its usual things. The two of them exchanged sticks, and they went into chaos, and the rods stopped at more than 100 years. Before the blood seeped into the stairs, the skin and flesh were eroded, the limbs and bones were exposed, and the dead were revived, and the breath was dying. The gentleman loves to taste tea in his life, and takes Kipzhou Bijian and Yangxian Tianchi as the most. Slaves who are ordered to pick tea must return every day, and those who are late will be flogged. So the rod was mastered, fell out of the temple gate, drowned in the group, and poured a pile of filth into his throat and said: 'Try this green stream, spring pool, also.' 'Another custom in the city, when the season is festive, mill white rice for fine powder, steamed and matured into a dumpling, the name is 糾; The container is a steamer, a cage counts fifty or sixty pieces, each steaming three or four cages or six or seven. A gentleman's steamed puppet is not ripe, and the slaves and maids kneel in front of them, counting a number of swords. When he was enslaved to the temple, he said: 'If you still remember a piece of money, a piece of money?' This debt should be paid for a long time. And so it goes. The hands were red and swollen, blood was flowing between the claws, and the fingers and wrists were folded. Bi, with Lang Jue neck to parade the street, stroking the palms, mixed alleys and markets. If so, don't remember it. Gu also felt that his former master, and called on the crowd and said: 'My generation must have clear grievances and grievances for revenge. If a certain person has a benevolent heart, a certain kind treats things, knows grievances but does not know virtue, and is afraid of being ridiculed by God, he will repay it. So, the honor guard, fir gold Zhang Cai, eight people in a big way, hunting to welcome the old master on a trip. The Lord thanked him and spoke very respectfully; Slave please benefit. The Lord is grateful. And the crowd has embraced the entry into the public, before the slave guide, after the slave ring, Xuan Gai drum, Xuan Yao Road corner. A turn around the city is a return. The Lord thanked him again and again, and then he left with a cry. Other tragic massacres, although the edict is not as good. ”

"If you have any regret for the Lord, then you will say, 'I have been given your honor for a certain number of years, and the god of the city god has ordered me to reward you. One day, you stick me, please pay for it. Then he took a few sticks and said, 'Pain? His lord said: 'Pain!' Then he said, 'If you stick to me, why don't you know the pain?' One day, thou cone me, please compensate me. He said, 'Pain?' 'Its lord tuba. Then he said: "If you know the pain, what is the cone for me?" ”…… There is a gentleman who is strict and upright, and he stays in the city alone. The slaves were disrespectful to the city, and they shouted, 'The Lord is as careful as I am.'" 'If you don't scream, you will be whipped.' It's the gentleman. A few killed. There are many beings who are invincible, and they are also killed. ”

Is there an impression that the program is always reversed and the social order is in chaos?

In the eyes of many well-known and conscientious historians, this scene is undoubtedly painful. They will think that these lowly peasants, slaves. Forgetting the grace of the master's family to nurture and shelter, "doing whatever he wants, everything is abnormal, and it has caused a terrible phenomenon in the countryside."

With regard to this kind of statement and argument, the chairman's work in the thirties of the last century, the "Report on the Investigation of the Hunan Peasant Movement," gave these people a resounding slap in the face. All these "are all forced out by the local tyrants, shoddy gentry, and lawless landlords themselves." The local tyrants, shoddy gentry, and lawless landlords have always relied on their power to dominate and trample on the peasants. It was the peasants who had this great revolt. Wherever there is the most resistance and the greatest chaos, it is the place where the local tyrants, shoddy gentry, and lawless landlords are the most evil. ”

Didn't Confucius, the ancestor of the official gentry, also say, "Repay grievances with virtue, how can you repay virtue?" Repay grievances with straightforwardness, repay virtue with virtue"? You have bullied others for decades or hundreds of years, are you not mentally prepared to meet the revenge of others one day? Why should you not allow others to retaliate? And this revenge is crazy, barbaric, with huge interest.

Although it is said that at present, most of the wealthy gentry in Nanzhili and Zhejiang no longer take agriculture and mulberry as their main source of income. Instead, they relied on their own trading shops in various places to provide marketing channels for merchants in the Southern Guangdong Military System. Huge profits are made by selling all kinds of Nanchu goods. However, no one wants to see the order that had been in place for hundreds of years be disrupted.

This is why the people who came to see Li Shouhan at the Xiaoling Wei camp lined up.

However, the generals of the brigades and towns of the Nanyue Army, which were marching all over the south of the Yangtze River, also reported all kinds of stickers and posts. The popular uprisings everywhere demanded that the lords make decisions for them, and the Nanzhong system was implemented in various parts of the south of the Yangtze River. However, the gentry from all over the country came to the camp one after another to ask for troops, asking us to send troops to quell the chaos. What should be done, please announce it to the Lord.

In terms of Li Shouhan's own heart. He can't look down on this group of Donglin in Jiangnan no matter what. However, these guys opened and closed their mouths.

"Guogong wants to take the southeast as the foundation of Zhongxing and Ming, how can he sit back and watch the people in the south of the Yangtze River make chaos and disturb the Quartet. In the long run, the people of Jiangnan will not be able to live and work in peace and contentment. How can we make the Ming Dynasty prosperous? ”

The implication of the words is that if you can't restore the previous social order, your so-called Daming Zhongxing is a spring dream, and we people will never support you. It was clear that Li Shouhan had to make a choice between the gentry and the tenants and slaves who were in rebellion in various places.

"The demands of farmers everywhere, Ben Jue also knows a lot, and his condition is pitiful, and his feelings are pitiful. In his view, he has nothing more than some ideas about tax money and grain. The public is all rich in the south of the Yangtze River, and they rent a little grain, but there are only a few of them, so why bother competing with them for a short time. At present, the country is in a time of crisis, and it is time to give priority to national affairs. ”

Li Shouhan also intends to mediate and be a peacemaker, so that two camps with completely different interests can find a compromise situation. In this way, it can also provide a more stable environment for the Ming Dynasty in the south of the Yangtze River.

However, the words spoken by several visiting Jiangnan leaders were like a series of thunderbolts exploding in front of him, which made Li Shouhan feel dizzy.

"The country is fallacious! I see that the fields of the world are increasing day by day, and then those who are for the people are trapped in the front. The man in the world is not the world of one family and one surname, but the world of everyone. The death of the country and the change of dynasties are nothing but the death of the country. The kingdom can perish, but the world cannot perish. If today's actions are not painfully cleaned, they will inevitably perish in the world. If the world dies, what is the use of the Ming Dynasty? ”

Translated into human words: "Lao Tzu cares about your Ming court!" The Ming Dynasty can die, but the world of Lao Tzu cannot die! ”

These words made Li Shouhan speechless for a long time, and after a while, he looked at these people carefully as if he had seen these Jiangnan Donglin gentry for the first time.

"Dare to ask what Mr. is called?" Li Shouhan stared intently at the person who was talking in front of him.

"Don't dare to be Mr. Guogong, student Huang Zongxi."

"Brother Taichong is the eldest son of Mr. Huang Gongzun, the seventh gentleman of Donglin, and he has a young family history. It has always been a model for Jiangnan Shilin. Someone next to him saw that Li Shouhan seemed to have listened to Huang Zongxi's words, and was busy introducing Li Shouhan.

But so! It turned out to be a member of the Donglin Party! Sure enough, the family heirloom ability! Li Shouhan scolded secretly in his heart.

"Now the momentum of the Ming Dynasty is like a candle in the wind, between the wind and rain. How can the public not share the worries of the monarch? Li Shouhan also threw a bombshell. Your sister's! Didn't you people always talk about loyalty, filial piety, and righteousness in the past? Now it is time to be loyal to the Emperor, and see how you can judge yourselves.

"Guogong is fallacious! The fields in the south of the Yangtze River are very heavy, and the acres of land are all lost to the officials in a year, but they are insufficient. This is all the harm of the monarch's father! The ancients took the world as the mainstay, the monarch as the guest, and the ruler of the world as the operator, for the world. Therefore, there is a saying that the three emperors are officials in the world. ”

Huang Zongxi was still quoting scriptures and classics and chattering about his own theory of "monarchy and harm", but in Li Shouhan's view, it was just some long-proven and failed so-called "small government, big society" and "coordinated government" clichés.

The next day, in the midst of the Xiaoling guard, dozens of fast horses galloped out and went to the military camps in various places. The messengers on the horse carried Li Shouhan's reply to the generals everywhere, "All people are born to be the children of the country, and there is no distinction between high and low." Everywhere there are places of civil rebellion, tenant rebellion, and slave rebellion, all of which follow the law of Nanzhong! ”

After Li Shouhan made his position clear, the officials and gentry in Jiangnan all gritted their teeth and secretly resented, and they didn't know how much they had done with things like small puppets and steel needles. (To be continued.) )

PS: The so-called saying that Jiangnan is very taxed, you can find out the tax amount at that time. Huang Zongxi, hehe.