Chapter 175: The Arrival of 1914
Time passed in a hurry, and before I knew it, more than a month passed, and Eder accompanied his parents and wife to celebrate Christmas, and then the calendar turned to 1914. The situation in Europe is still tense, but many are optimistic, and Eder knows that this is the last time for peace in Europe. Just this year, the Entente led by Britain, France, and Russia and the Allied powers led by Germany and Austria will wage a fierce battle for their own interests. Romania's small physique can now only sit on the sidelines and place last-minute bets.
Recently, Edel had the guards hang up a large map of the world in his office so that he could remind himself at any time. Romania was now caught between the Central and Entente powers, and was not much better treated than the Balkan countries.
Moreover, according to Eder's request, Transylvania and Bessarabia, two Romanian-majority regions, were to be divided into Romania, which neither the Entente nor the Allies would agree to at present. Now that Transylvania is in the hands of Austria-Hungary and Bessarabia is occupied by Russia, even arrogant Romanians must admit that neither of these countries can compete with Romania's current small size.
Therefore, Eder had only one preparation for this, that is, to wait, to wait until Russia was occupied by Ulyanov, and when Austria-Hungary was about to lose its fight, even if the conditions given by Britain and France were reduced. Because when the time comes, with the change of color in Russia and the collapse of Austria-Hungary, coupled with the defeat of Germany, there will be a window of power in Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
Although this window will come to an end for more than a decade, with the rise of the Soviet Union and the rearmament of Germany. But Eder sees this time period and intends to control it during this time, which will also be of great benefit to Romania. If done well, it may not be impossible to win back a seat for Romania as an imperial power.
Now Eder is learning about the situation in Romania for the sake of the new great power in the future.
In the previous statistics, Eder warned the government's statistics department that this statistics is very important, and asked them to put more effort into it. However, the results of this time are worthy of Eder's warning, and the data is very detailed.
It should be said here that since the statistical survey at the end of 1910, Eder handed over the statisticians to the government. Seeing that the statistical results were beneficial to the government's policy adjustments, and then relying on this group of personnel, the government set up a special statistical department, and now there are more than 300 people dedicated to this work, Eder looked at the results of the statistics in Romania.
This year, due to Romania's participation in the Second Balkan War, the economic development has eased compared with previous years, and this year's gross national product (GDP) of Romania (excluding new territories) reached 6.301 billion lei, an increase of 6.5% compared with 5.917 billion lei at the end of 1912, an increase of 6.5%. However, it is believed that with the improvement of the statistical department next year, Romania will have a significant increase in the calculation of the statistics of the former Bulgarian territory.
The main reason for the decline in Romania's economic growth is the slowdown in the growth of the automobile manufacturing industry, which is its pillar industry. In Europe, Volkswagen's exports reached a new high of 521,500 vehicles, but the growth rate was only 3.8% higher than last year, and the export volume has entered a period of weakness. The European auto market further expanded, reaching 3.7 million units, an increase of 6.7%.
More than half of the new vehicles are occupied by other European automakers, and this trend is most obvious in France and Italy, where Renault and Fiat have added a new car production plant, which also has a lot to do with the increase in tariffs on cars in European countries. Previously, the tariff on automobiles was only 15.7%,
However, after the automakers of various countries lobbied the government to increase the import tariff on vehicles, there was generally a 5-10% increase in tariffs, while Romania imported less from France and Italy, so that it had no countermeasures, and France and Italy paid the most attention to their own automobile manufacturing, so the growth rate of the two countries reached a maximum of 10%.
Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia only increased by 5%, 5.5% and 6.1% respectively because of their respective interests, so that Volkswagen still ensured a good competitiveness, as for the United Kingdom, due to the dispersion of car manufacturers, although it also raised tariffs by 7.8%, Volkswagen is still in a dominant position in this country.
Despite the blackback on vehicle exports, Volkswagen still has a 68% share of the European auto market and is still the number one target for automakers around the world, thanks to low wages and large-scale assembly lines.
The export of parts benefits from the existing market scale, so that the public also has a very good income. At the end of the year, according to the statistics passed through customs, the export volume of auto parts in 1913 reached 64.123 million lei.
Due to the extensive use of automobiles, 8.65 million tons of oil are now used in Europe, of which oil from Persia and Baku in Russia account for 41% of the market. Romania, on the other hand, has also given its oil an 18.7% share of the market due to government and royal funds, and the rest of the share is occupied by the American oil companies that are split by Standard Oil.
It is worth mentioning that at the time of the spin-off of Standard Oil, Eder and the Romanian government demanded the redemption of the 12.5% stake in Romanian Oil, in which Standard had previously taken a stake. I don't know if it was because Europe was looking for a big war or for what reason made Rockefeller agree to Romania's move. To this end, Eder and the government spent 45 million lei to buy back a 12.5% stake in the Romanian oil company. Standard Oil's move to quadruple the amount of capital invested in the company in seven years was also a good talk at the time.
In addition to automobile and oil exports, Romania's other major export is traditional grain exports. At the end of 1913, Romania's grain exports this year reached a new high of 3.17 million tons. Among them, the export of corn, which is mainly used as livestock feed, reached 1.36 million tons, while the export of wheat decreased to 874,000 tons, and the export of other types of grain reached 936,000 tons, mainly barley, oats and potatoes. Thirty-nine percent of this grain is exported abroad as further processing.
From this data, Eder can see that the quality of life of the Romanian people is gradually improving, and the output of wheat as a staple food has reached a new high, while the export volume is shrinking, and it can be seen that a large amount of wheat is consumed by the people of Romania. The fact that sugar beet, which is used as a raw material for sugar extraction, is basically not exported, which also shows that the quality of life in Romania has improved significantly, and the people have begun to pursue the quality of life after solving the basic food and clothing problem.
Even with the slow increase in grain and automobile exports, Romania's total exports this year reached a new high of 1.378 billion lei, and the total import value reached an all-time high of 1.198 billion lei.
As the government's most concerned fiscal revenue, Romania has also reached a total tax revenue of 612 million lei this year, of which the largest contribution is the import and export tariffs, which have reached 147 million lei, second only to the tariffs are industrial and commercial taxes of 67.4 million lei, then agricultural taxes of 48.7 million lei, and the rest are other total tax revenues.
As for the value-added tax, which occupies the majority of the current society, there is no shadow of it, and Eder did not study taxation in his previous life, so the Romanian government has the taxes that are now popular in all countries, and he does not know the taxes that have not yet appeared.
PS Before, the steamed bun was suspended for reasons such as resignation and house hunting, and now I want to make it back. As for the time, let's take our time. ()
Please remember that the first domain name of this book is:. Mobile version reading URL: