Chapter 473: Washington Conference
After the end of World War I, when the people of various countries thought that peace had come, the United States, which had made a lot of money in the war, had nothing to gain in the division of post-war interests.
Nor can it be said that nothing has been achieved, at least one of the 14 peace proposals put forward by President Wilson has been implemented.
The League of Nations was established to maintain world peace, but it was led by Britain and France. Its most crucial issues, in time of war and peace, the absolute freedom of navigation on the high seas, or the removal of economic barriers between states and the establishment of equal treaties for trade, were ruthlessly rejected. This greatly displeased the fledgling US government. It is also a result that is completely unacceptable to the US government, which has a high spirit.
In the eyes of the United States, it played a major role in this war and should have shared the dominance of the world like Britain and France. It is a pity that Britain and France completely took advantage of the United States and threw it aside. And when President Wilson returned to Washington with nothing, he was strongly criticized by Congress. So the Treaty of Versailles was also rejected by the US Congress.
Enraged, the United States felt that it had been wronged, so the U.S. Navy planned to build 10 battleships in 1919-1921, including four Colorado-class battleships and six Lexington-class battlecruisers, in response to the United States being excluded from European affairs. Among them, the Lexington-class battlecruiser can be regarded as the first time that the United States built a battlecruiser. As a reflection of the deep pockets of the U.S. Navy, this class of battle cruisers also shows it vividly.
Its original plan was to have a standard displacement of 44,300 tons and be armed with 356 mm (14 in) naval guns at a speed of 35 knots (too terrible). However, the United States has since improved it, and the new plan has increased the tonnage to 53,200 tons, replaced it with 406 mm (16 in) naval guns, and added armor protection. Although the tonnage has increased, the speed can still reach 35 knots thanks to the new heavy oil boiler. (If it is really built, Hood is the younger brother, but there will be no Lexington-class aircraft carriers by then)
And this kind of shipbuilding move of the United States has undoubtedly made Britain and France very nervous. France was unable to follow up because of its losses in World War I, and Britain, which regarded sea power as its lifeline, could not accept it.
Therefore, in the face of the United States' continued large-scale construction of ships, Britain must respond. Its Prime Minister, Lloyd George, even openly stated: "Great Britain would rather spend every last penny than maintain the superiority of the Navy over the United States or any other country." ”
However, the tiger will not fall, how to say that the empire that the sun never sets is also the world hegemon, of course, it cannot fall on this new competition. Subsequently, the construction of three Admiral-class battlecruisers (Hood-class), which had been suspended, began to be continued. However, judging from the small family that the British Empire has only built three ships, there are not many of its family backgrounds.
Speaking of the new naval race, we have to mention a new player here, and that is Japan. Also as a country that benefited greatly from the war (Romania: you can't see me, you can't see me), Japan also has the ambition to dominate the eastern Pacific. So the famous 88th Fleet came into play (this is the 88th Fleet in the 20s, before there was a version after the Russo-Japanese War, and then there was a version before the outbreak of World War II, and there was a version in the 80s, which is now called the 44th Fleet).
In addition to the two battleships of the Nagato-class and the two Kaga-class, and the four Amagi-class battlecruisers, Japan did not hesitate to mobilize national donations to build this fleet. (Nagato, this bad guy, even cheated elementary school students about their pocket money)
In the face of the increasingly fierce shipbuilding plans of Britain, the United States and Japan, France and Italy were also forced to join the race.
In the face of yet another naval race, war-weary countries are calling for the continuation of the shipbuilding program, which costs money and wastes money. And it happened at this time that a sudden economic crisis after the war made this naval competition played by the major powers feel powerless.
In fact, the economic crisis was predictable, and after the war, a large number of factories that were busy because of the war were canceled. The reduction in orders made it unnecessary for factories to employ so many workers, so a large number of workers were pushed back into the market. At the same time, retired soldiers and the government cut spending, preventing economic activity from immediately changing from wartime regulation to peacetime free competition.
In addition, the governments of the previous countries did not have the experience of how to deal with this after the war, so the people lacked purchasing power, and the factory inventory could not be sold, and the economic crisis broke out suddenly. The outbreak of the economic crisis has made the call for disarmament growing among the people of various countries. The naval arms race of various countries has also reached a difficult point.
Britain can't afford to be accompanied. It has long been financially deprived of resources by the war, and it is really miserable to be forced to join the arms race. Japan is also unable to do so, and in order to implement the Eighth Fleet plan, the Navy has allocated one-third of the entire national budget. Although the United States has a lot of money, it is very difficult for it to truly overwhelm Britain and Japan.
It was against this background that US President Warren Gameliel Harding took the initiative to convene a conference on the limitation of naval armaments. In the face of the US proposal, Britain and Japan, which competed in the competition, also immediately agreed.
Since the United States, Britain, and Japan agreed, France and Italy, which were forced to join, also agreed. As a respect for the initiators of the first proposal, Washington, the United States was chosen as the venue for negotiations after consultations among the countries concerned. And in order to show the importance of this meeting and consultation, all countries went to the highest standard, so not only the prime minister and president of the Washington talks, but also the monarchs of the participating countries (what can a monarch with insufficient intelligence do, is it a matter of looking at glasses?). )。
For a time, Washington became the focus of various countries, which also made the American people feel for the first time that so many people paid close attention to the United States, and indirectly increased the pride of Americans.
The purpose of the Washington Conference was to resolve the conflict of naval power between the major powers and the conflict of interests in the Far East and the Pacific, especially in China, that the Treaty of Versailles had not resolved, and to improve the peace system in the post-World War I world. The three countries concerned at the Washington meeting played a major role: the United States, Britain, and Japan.
Unlike the rest of the world, which is focused on Washington, D.C., Eder is an outlier who does not pay much attention to the future. After all, this is mainly about the negotiations between the Navy and the Far East, and at the moment Romania cannot reach out to the Far East, so as for the topic of the Navy, it is better to wash and sleep.