Chapter 461: Treaty of Riga
Gary, the capital of the new Latvia, is here today during a negotiation between the three countries of the Sourporos. In addition to the three parties to the talks, Britain, France, the United States, and other countries also sent personnel to observe.
As for why it is different from the two sides in the original history, it is necessary to talk about the question of Romania's seizure of the western Ukrainian region. Because Rossu has not negotiated diplomatically about this except for one fight before. In this negotiation, Lenin and others demanded that the tripartite talks must be held in line with the attitude of settling the border issue on the Western Front at the same time. Eder immediately agreed, and that's why the meeting took place.
Don't think that Eder has any good intentions in agreeing to this meeting, Robo is a comrade-in-arms, and Britain, France, the United States and other countries are biased. If you negotiate with Luo Su alone, where will there be such a big advantage.
As for the Polish side, Pilsudski, who had made a great contribution this time, was abandoned. Because the government is now dominated by Dmowski's National Democratic Party, his idea of a Greater Poland is ignored by the other side. He was to blame for his somewhat miserable defeat, which allowed Dmowski to find an opportunity to seize the leadership of the parliament, which is currently the most powerful in the Polish political structure.
As for the Polish-Romanian customs union, Dmowski also knew about it, and he did not object to it. Although he saw Germany as the main threat, the Soviet Union behind it would not ignore it. And how Romania, the only one capable of helping Poland, could make an offended move, which is also the general perception in Polish politics at present.
Even after the war, many people believed that Romania was more important than Britain and France because they had direct access to Romanian reinforcements. Moreover, the combat effectiveness of the Romanian army was also vividly demonstrated in this war.
As for the Soviet side of Russia; It was mainly the battle with Poland that made Lenin and others discover that they originally wanted to save the Polish workers and peasants who were oppressed by the Polish landlord and aristocracy, but in the end the Polish workers, peasants, soldiers and landlord nobles united to fight against the Russians. Only then did Soviet Russia realize that it was not so easy to put class ideology above the sovereignty of other countries. Therefore, the policy of Soviet Russia was transformed from the union of the world working class into a reality of socialism in one country.
Therefore, in a peace talks, all three parties are sincere. This time, Poland sent a delegation headed by the head of parliament Dmowski, while Romania sent a delegation headed by Prime Minister Bretianu, and Soviet Russia sent a delegation headed by People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs Tsicherin.
As for the hosts, Latvia, apart from providing venues and security, the small nascent country has no other strength to show.
After everyone was seated, Tsicherin, the Soviet Russian representative who proposed the peace talks, took the lead in speaking.
"Ladies and gentlemen, we have come to negotiate this time with the aim of resolving the territorial dispute between the three parties. It's good for us and good for our people, and it will allow war-torn countries to return calm and focus more on resuming production. ”
As soon as Chicherin opened his remarks, he put the reasons for the Soviet-Russian peace talks on a moral level, and he did not have the courage to liberate the whole of Europe before before him.
So one of the negotiators, Dmowski, responded to Tsichelin. "Mr. Zicherin is right, we have come in peace. However, in order to resolve the territorial dispute first, it is necessary to demarcate the question of the ownership of the region, otherwise the peace talks will not achieve results. ”
In response to Dmowski's speech, Prime Minister Bretianu, who was about to retire, nodded in agreement. They need to see the sincerity of Soviet Russia before they can continue the talks.
And Tsicherin quickly showed the sincerity of the Soviet and Russian sides.
"Mr. Dmowski is right that the territorial dispute being negotiated does need to be divided first. In a peaceful manner, our side intends to renounce its territorial claims to the Western Belarusian region, and we have expressed our sincerity. As for the dispute with Romania, our side will also give up Rivne and Shepetovka as a condition in exchange for the premise of goodwill and friendship. ”
The conditions given by Tsicherin in Soviet Russia were quite favorable. This was on the basis of Soviet Russia's intention to recognize the Curzon Line, and also to recognize Lida, Pinsk, and Baranovich, which Poland had previously occupied. You must know that the Curzon Line is bounded by Brittus, which is more than 80,000 square kilometers longer than before.
Dmowski was a little moved to hear the conditions offered by the Soviet Union, but he also needed to consider the attitude of Prime Minister Brettianu.
As for Bretiyanudan, there was still a little surprise in his heart after hearing that Soviet Russia also had territorial compensation for Romania. Rivne and Shepetov also add up to almost 30,000 square kilometers, which is a good compensation for Romania.
In fact, in the internal deliberations of Soviet Russia, Lenin and others felt that Romania was more threatening than Poland. And in order to stabilize Romania, it is reasonable to give a small amount of territory, after all, Soviet Russia does not have the strength to attack Romania at present, and Soviet Russia has been isolated internationally. In order to break this state of affairs, it is necessary to stop the territorial wars that lie in the European countries as the first task.
For in the war in Poland, Lenin also saw the united struggle of the European countries. Moreover, the working class in Western countries has not yet experienced armed resistance, which makes him feel that the conditions for world revolution are not yet ripe. Therefore, the development of the Soviet Union and Russia will become the most important thing in the future, after all, the Soviet Union does not yet have the conditions to fight capitalism.
Although the two countries were more tempted by the conditions given by Soviet Russia, after all, they had not yet reached the point of agreeing immediately. So next they want to squeeze Soviet Russia and see if they can force out some more benefits. After all, they still have Soviet prisoners in their hands, plus there are nearly 400,000 people in Germany, which is a good bargaining chip.
"We have heard the sincerity of Soviet Russia, now let's talk about our conditions."
After receiving hints from Dmowski, Prime Minister Brettianu began to state their conditions. "First of all, the question of Polish compensation for this war. Because the invasion of the Soviet army caused huge losses to the Polish people, here we demand that Soviet Russia pay 150 million rubles in compensation. In addition, Soviet Russia should return historical Polish artifacts. In addition, Soviet Russia should also make Minsk a Polish territory in the disputed territory. And in response, Poland renounced its sworn sovereignty over other disputed territories.
As for our country, because of the merger with the Ukrainian government, our country also has conditions for swearing sovereignty over Ukraine. However, in the spirit of peace, my country demands that Zhytomyr be considered a territory in addition to Cairovno and Shepetov. In response, our country will not swear sovereignty over other Ukrainian territories. At the same time, they are not asking for compensation. ”
After listening to Brettianu say the conditions of the two countries, Zicherin's brow couldn't help but furrow. Minsk, as the most important city in Belarus, Moscow will not agree. And Zhytomyr is the last city in Kiev facing the Romanian border, and if it is given to Romania, Kyiv will directly face pressure from Romania, which is also a condition that cannot be agreed.
Thinking of this, Chicherin couldn't help but speak: "Your Excellency, it is impossible for us to agree to the conditions you have given. Minsk and Zhytomyr divisions are an integral part of our side, and we cannot agree on peace terms on this. ”
At this time, Brettianu retorted: "Why is it impossible, you must know that your country has lost this war. If you lose, you need to pay compensation, this is an international practice, I don't believe Your Excellency is not clear. ”
In the face of Prime Minister Brettianu's aggressive attitude, Chicherin couldn't help but fight back: "As a working-class country, our country will not accept your blackmail. This condition of yours is blackmail in our eyes. We are here to negotiate peace responsibly, not to accept blackmail. ”
After Zicherin finished speaking, he looked at Bretianu with an angry face, and the Prime Minister completely ignored his angry face, and was even in the mood to talk and laugh with others.
But at this time, Dmowski stepped forward to be a peacemaker.
"It is normal for the two parties to have inconsistent conditions when they need to negotiate during negotiations. Everyone is a diplomat, and I believe they all understand this truth. ”
Even if Dmowski is acting as a peacemaker, he is secretly satirizing Zicherin. But everyone is engaged in diplomacy, and the cheekiness has long been put aside. Tsichelin, who had obtained the steps, calmed down.
So the next three parties began to negotiate hard around each other's conditions. Fortunately, all three parties are the same in terms of sincerity, so that this peace talks can continue.
And this negotiation also lasted three months. The final result of the negotiations was that Lida in Western Belarus, the Pinsk and Baranovichi regions were ceded to Poland, Minsk remained the capital of Soviet Belarus, and Russia was required to pay Poland 80 million rubles as compensation for Poland's economic investment in the Russian Empire during the partition (in fact, it was an indemnity). Moreover, the Russians had to return the Polish art that had been looted by the Russians after 1772. Then give up on each other's claims for war reparations.
As for the terms between Soviet Russia and Romania, Rivne and Shepetov belonged to Romania. In addition, Russia gave Romania 50 million rubles in supplies as a condition for Romania to abandon Zhytomyr, and at the same time for the end of the previous Romania-Soviet War.
In addition, captured soldiers must also be returned to their countries within six months. In addition, none of the three parties can claim sovereignty over each other's territory.
Privately, Romania also held secret discussions with Poland on the question of Eastern Galicia, which eventually relinquished Poland's sworn sovereignty over the territory. In response, Poland could call for the return of Poles to their homeland in the region, which would also be a favorable move to ease the dispute between the two countries over the region.
After all, the nature of the Poles made it difficult for Romania to assimilate them, and sending them back to Poland was something Eder would be happy to see.
So when the dust settled, Eder set his sights on the country.