In the blink of an eye, it is the winter solstice of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, and this year is about to pass. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoIn a few days, it will be officially changed to Hongguang.

Nanjing, Chaotian Temple of Literature. Winter solstice sacrificial hole.

Li Shouhan, the Duke of Liang, wore a five-clawed python robe according to the old system of Hongwu, and wore eight Liang crowns symbolizing the level of the Guogong, and a cage scarf (the system in the Hongwu period was like this. The mink originally hung a mink tail, and then replaced it with a pheasant tail, and the cicada was a gold ornament. Therefore, Diao Chan in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is really a character with a very low status, the so-called nameless and nameless. Red Luo clothes, green collar edge white yarn middle single, green edge red Luo clothes, red Luo knee cover, red and white two-color silk belt, leather belt, wearing ribbon, white socks and black shoes. Jade belt jade wearer. Yellow, green, red and purple are woven into a four-color brocade ribbon ribbon of clouds and phoenixes, with a green wire mesh and two jade ribbon rings. Stand in the queue of noble and military ministers and participate in this winter solstice sacrifice hole event.

According to the system of the Ming Dynasty, all emperors worshiped suburban temples and shrines, and civil and military officials wore sacrificial clothes. In the twenty-sixth year of Hongwu, one to nine products, the soap collar edge is green Luoyi, the soap collar edge is white yarn in the single, the soap edge is red Luo, the red Luo covers the knees, and the heart curved collar above the three grades. The crown is worn with a ribbon and the court clothes, and the ribbon is worn below the fourth grade. In the eighth year of Jiajing, the Shangguan of the Dingjin Yiwei Hall can wear the big red python four-clawed dragon coat, the flying fish (dragon head and fish tail with wings) clothes, and wear black gauze hats when viewing livestock, the sun and the moon, plowing and sacrificing the emperors of the past dynasties. When worshipping the Taimiao Society, they wore red civilian clothes.

This winter solstice sacrifice hole, because this is the last major event at the end of the year, and the overall situation changes, so, according to the meaning of the first assistant Ma Shiying, it is more and more grand. The officials of the various ministries and yamen in the capital, all those who have more than seven grades are present to worship. The officials of the yamen within 50 miles outside the capital, those above the fifth grade will be sacrificed.

Although it was a sacrifice in the name of Emperor Hongguang, because Zhu Yousong was unwell and could not attend such a solemn occasion, he ordered the noble minister to drink wine on his behalf. So Ma Shiying, as the first assistant, is naturally the core figure of this winter festival. Li Shouhan just stood in the queue and followed others to draw gourds in the same way. Or do your own actions according to the instructions of the celebrants.

His mind was churning like boiling water in a pot.

In the past few days, in the streets and alleys of Nanjing, there has been a confrontation between a penny and Xiaoyaojin. Under the pressure of the Cao Gang's powerful bullets, relying on the short sticks, big sticks, iron rulers and sharp axes in their hands, those ruffians who bought for Donglin did not dare to come out and make another mistake. However, the enemy has changed, and new changes have also taken place in Donglin.

"Anyone who goes to listen to Xiaoyaojin can have two meat steamed buns per person?" Hearing the situation reported by Li Peiting and Ye Qi, Li Shouhan couldn't help but laugh dumbly. It's not unheard of the matter of giving buns to the play, Wang Weizhong and Lai Shengchuan's "Treasure Island Village" will send buns after the end of the play. However, that's because the family in the play is making buns and selling buns. Moreover, the audience who came to watch the drama bought tickets, and the gift of buns was just a lottery. In this era, watching the play in vain and giving buns is obvious.

"What are you going to do?"

"Back to the lord's words. Sima Shao's gang leader and Tian gang leader have already sent out a message, and the steamed bun shops in the city are not allowed to continue selling steamed buns to those people. See how they still seduce people to their plays! ”

"Confused! ! Li Shouhan was very unimpressed. If you come up with such a trick, you should really be in the palm of your hand. Those who make buns and sell buns, is it easy to get up early and be greedy for darkness? It's easy to have a big customer to buy steamed buns, why don't you stammer? Go! Tell Sima Xinyuan, don't come nonsense. Let him send someone to those steamed bun shops to spread the baked cakes and stoves, and say that all these small rice shops in the city, our Nanyue Army will give 100 catties of good flour. 200 catties of honeycomb coal. It's a New Year's Eve for everyone. ”

Regarding Sima Xinyuan's approach, Li Peiting was also quite unimpressed. In his opinion, such an approach is even a little stupid. This is tantamount to driving fish for the abyss and birds for the bushes. You threatened the bun shop that they wouldn't go to the pancake stand? Can you smash all these snack bars in Nanjing?

Doing so is tantamount to giving these bitter people at the bottom of the society to Donglin. The bigger the impact surface, the more bad it is for yourself. If this goes on like this for a long time, I'm afraid that even peripheral organizations like the Cao Gang will defect. You must know that the gangs of the two gangs of Yancao are also social nomads and low-level people. The so-called rabbit dies and the fox hurts its kind.

Now with Li Shouhan's instructions, Li Peiting and Ye Qi are more handy in handling things. The large and small breakfast stalls and rice shops in Nanjing have received flour and charcoal sent by the Nanyue Army or Long Shengxing in the name of "This is the reward of the grandfather of the country for everyone to make a living." ”

Got so many necessities out of thin air, and these poor people who had to make them feel distressed for a long time when the price of firewood and charcoal rose by a penny per catty in the past, they were naturally grateful to Dade. Those people put up the words "Liang Guogong rewards the best flour, selected beef, high-quality vegetable oil, and superb pot stickers (crab shell yellow, etc.) in front of their stalls". When Ye Qi saw it, he struck while the iron was hot, and sent another reward to these people who were the first to gain popularity. As a result, similar posters were hung up at stalls of all sizes in Nanjing. Some people even put red paper on the cage drawer of steamed buns and wrote the words "National Reward".

In this way, Donglin's trick is not easy to use. You send steamed buns and crab shell yellow baked cakes, and when the people watching the play see the words "Grandpa Guo's reward" posted on the cage drawer, they thought it was Li Shouhan who invited everyone to eat snacks! Naturally, he would not associate Cao Cao, the white-faced traitor who forced the palace to usurp the throne in front of him, with him.

The Donglin people here are racking their brains to find a way to deal with it, and Li Shouhan and his subordinates and allies over there are also studying new tactics.

"My lord, our newspapers, operas, storytellers, and commentaries all publicize the benefits of the New Deal everywhere, and the results are also very good. Rural peasants who didn't know how to read also understood what was going on by watching plays and listening to books. It is very beneficial for the implementation of the New Deal. However, the "Xiaoyaojin" compiled by this group of Donglin traitors has a lot of influence among the people. ”

At the daily luncheon, Ye Qi, who was in charge of intelligence work, reported to Li Shouhan on the situation of the two operas singing against each other in Nanjing and surrounding cities these days.

"This group of poor people is so big! The father rewarded them with grain, rice, firewood and charcoal back then, and then asked Miss Li to personally control a large amount of grain, rice and silver, and provide rice and silver every year, so that they could survive in this expensive land in the south of the Yangtze River, not only survived, but also lived well! Now this group of dog thieves is not only not grateful, but has become a group of white-eyed wolves! Li Huabao angrily scolded the negative and unrighteous actions of the Jiangnan scholars.

"Wait, one day you will fall into the hands of Lao Tzu, Lao Tzu will have to kill all of you!"

Li Peiting, Ye Qi and others are all old men of the Li family, and they are all uncles of Li Huabao, Li Huamei and others. For Li Huabao's words, he naturally won't take them seriously. When I heard it in my ears, I just thought it was a child who was angry and spoke loudly.

However, Li Huabao's words touched a vague idea in Li Shouhan's mind. He put down his chopsticks: "Huabao, what did you say?" Kill all these readers? Why kill them all? ”

"They can't be used by my family anyway. and refuses to be honest and obedient. What's the use of these silverfish, who can only find chapters and excerpts? It's better to kill them all, and then our own students can get them! ”

Li Huabao's words, like a strong cold air, quickly blew away the haze in Li Shouhan's mind. Make his thoughts very clear.

He immediately discovered a major omission in his administration. The new policy, the implementation of the Wanli preferential exemption rules, the implementation of the integrated errand and integrated payment, the implementation of the policy of returning fire consumption to the public, and the promotion of commercial taxes. This undoubtedly pushed those with vested interests who had talents, people and various court fame to the opposite side. Let these guys who have held the power of education and the pen for many years can't stand it a little, so they bark wildly there.

Li Huabao's killing of these people is certainly an angry word. However, the sentence that followed him, "After killing all of them, get our students here." But it reminded Li Shouhan. Why not implement compulsory education in all parts of Jiangnan? Let everyone read and write, so that there will be more people who know words, and the importance and particularity of the status of readers will no longer be so prominent. When there were many illiterate people in society, a guy with a bought Claydon University diploma could become a master, become a professor at Peking University, become a leader of the New Culture Movement, and promote vernacular literature. There are college students everywhere who can't find a job, and such people naturally have no market and can no longer be swaggering, so it is natural to miss that beautiful era, the era when they could act recklessly and lie nonsense everywhere to deceive female students.

"You say, if we implement compulsory education in Jiangnan, what will be the situation?" Li Shouhan made up his mind and picked up the bowl and took a few mouthfuls of rice in his mouth.

Everyone exchanged glances with each other, and they all knew that when the lord said this, he already had an idea in his heart, and everyone just had to deduce how to proceed next according to this arrangement, what resistance there would be and what problems in the implementation of the problem. For example, specific factors such as teaching materials, venues, teachers, etc.

On the one hand, he ordered people to go to Guangdong, southern Jiangnan, and even more distant southern and central places to transfer teachers to prepare for the establishment of compulsory education schools in large and small towns in the south of the Yangtze River, and to prepare for the printing of teaching materials. On the one hand, in the city of Nanjing and in the nearby cities and counties of Suzhou, Hangzhou, Songjiang, Jiading, and other prefectures, prefectures and counties, they have put up notices announcing that the government will set up a free school, and all school-age children, regardless of whether they are male or female, must go to the school to study. Local security guards are going door-to-door to register, and if they don't go to school, see if they have to give a certain fine as a punishment.

Under this intensive operation, in several state capitals and cities in the south of the Yangtze River, the topics discussed in the streets and alleys have new content. Shengdou Xiaomin led the car pulp sellers to smile, those naughty monkeys in their own family, not only do they not have to worry about causing trouble, but there is a place to learn a few words, and in the future, students can find more bargaining capital when they go to the local area, "We have entered the school, and we have also learned the three characters through the hundred family names, and we will plan to plate!" "In this way, the salary can't be more? Even more well-informed people showed their knowledge to their neighbors: "It's not just that! You know? My brothers' friends and relatives are in the middle of the South! People said that under the rule of Grandpa Guo, not only do children not have to pay money to go to school, they don't need to prepare pen and ink books, and they also have two meals in the school! Gee! Such a good thing, now it is finally our turn in Jiangnan! ”

"And that's not all! It is said that the school not only teaches reading and literacy, but also what the accounting plan is, and the students will use it in the future will be taught! ”

These people are extremely eagerly looking forward to the coming year, when Emperor Hongguang officially changes the yuan, and he can live such a good life.

However, existence determines consciousness. These things that the people at the bottom are looking forward to are ridiculous in the eyes of another group of people.

"Ridiculous! Since ancient times, those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people. This is the teachings of the saints, the most wise saying! Now he wants to go against the sky, and do something that teaches and classlessness! ”

"If we want to carry out the indoctrination of saints, what does it matter if we starve to death, but look at it, look at it!" A Luo Dixiu only relied on the professor to get by, which was tantamount to smashing his job. At a gathering of his friends, he threw a textbook that he had taken down from the notice board on the wooden table.

"I don't talk about the words of the saints, let alone the subtle words. Just say what people have knives in their hands, horses, cows, sheep, and donkeys. It really made the saint cry in Jiuquan! ”

People who share the threat of losing their jobs are also indignant.

"If Li's treacherous plan succeeds, in a few years, there will be no place for scholars in Jiangnan!" This is the opinion of those scholars, although they do not have the threat of having their jobs smashed, but because they are in a much higher position than those who teach and write letters, they are even more thorns in the back about the danger brought by the establishment of the school.

"In any case, we can't let Li's so-called righteous school be done. If he succeeds, then my Jiangnan Shilin will never be like this again! ”

"That's right! The study of the saints must not be replaced by these vulgar words! ”

It is also a righteous school, if it is set up by these scholars and gentry, it will be a thing that will last for eternity, and the thing in Zepi Township is that the bandit demons who kill people without blinking, in order to wash off a little blood stain on their blood-stained hands, they will be praised by countless people because they took out some money from those stolen goods to run a school. However, Li Shouhan's implementation of compulsory education in Jiangnan was a big rebellion. The reason is that you have moved the cake that others have monopolized for more than a thousand years!

One thing, two very different attitudes, in Nanjing and several surrounding cities. Emotions are brewing and colliding in all walks of life.

Qian Qianyi and the others, who were standing in the ranks of civil officials, looked at Li Shouhan in the ranks of military attachés and nobles not far away, and almost burst into fire in their eyes with hatred. If he hadn't supported Ma Shiying behind his back, how could Guang Shiheng and the others be punished by Ming Zhengcanon for a moment of misstep and be stabbed at the crossroads?! Since ancient times, a soldier can be killed, but not humiliated. His actions were tantamount to wiping on the face of a scholar.

"Humph! Sooner or later, one day let you, an ignorant and reckless man, know how powerful we are readers! ”

Li Shouhan didn't know that the hot eyes behind him could almost burn him. He just looked at the winter solstice sacrifice ceremony in front of him with curious and leisurely eyes.

During the Yin and Zhou dynasties, the day before the winter solstice was stipulated as the end of the year, and the winter solstice festival was equivalent to the Spring Festival. Later, a summer calendar was implemented. But the winter solstice has always been at the top of the 24 solar terms, called "sub-year". Therefore, in our country, there is a saying that the winter solstice is as big as the year.

Since the Han Dynasty, celebrations have to be held, and the court has a three-day holiday during the peak period, and the monarch does not listen to the government; The people closed the market for three days. The excitement is no less than that of the New Year. The winter solstice has the longest night of the year, many families will use glutinous rice flour to make "winter solstice round", in order to distinguish it from the later "resignation year" on the eve of the Spring Festival, the day before the winter festival is called "Tian Sui" or "Ya Sui", indicating that the "year" has not yet passed, but it has grown one year old. "Xinhe County Chronicles" contains: "The long solstice day worships the holy life, and the disciples of the foreign school worship the teacher, which is called 'worshipping the winter more'." "Worship Shengshou", "Sheng" refers to the sage Confucius, that is, to worship the sage Confucius. Because the "winter solstice" used to be a "year", after the winter solstice, it will be one year older and "increase longevity", so it is necessary to congratulate and hold a ceremony to sacrifice holes. "Nangong County Chronicles" said: "Winter Solstice Festival, the first teacher of Shi Cai, such as the August 27th ceremony." After the dedication is completed, the disciples worship Mr. and the window friends worship. ”

"Shi Cai Xianshi" is a form of sacrificing Confucius, which refers to Confucius, the ancestor of celery. In ancient times, he began to enter the school and performed the "release of vegetables" ceremony. The second sacrifice hole in the spring and autumn period is used as a "release and memorial" ceremony. The "release of dishes" ceremony is lighter than the "release of memorial" ceremony. Why is the winter solstice sacrifice hole lighter than the "Spring and Autumn Two Sacrifices"? Because the winter solstice sacrifice hole is the same annual ceremony, the New Year is to be out of school, the beginning of the school students to enroll, the sacrifice to the saint is just a routine, not a special ceremony. "Dingxing County Chronicles" recorded: "On the winter solstice, Confucius, the first teacher of Shi Cai, the master led the disciples to salute, the disciples worshipped, and the window friends worshiped each other, which is called 'worshipping winter'." Those who teach the family to feast and drink the disciples the next day, answer their rituals for the end of the year, and eat more wontons. "Wu'an County Chronicles" also has a record of worshipping Confucius: "Winter Solstice Festival, Shi Cai Ancestor, School Children's Entropy Gold Ceremony, Lunch Dinner in School." Teachers and students feast with each other, as recorded in the "Huai'an County Chronicle": "The day before the winter solstice, the hall apprentices are the teachers with food, and the feast is happy. The next day, he was dressed to apprentice to the teacher, and the teacher also ordered wine. "In some places, parents of students also participate in apprenticeship and banquet activities with their children." Winter Solstice Festival, before the Republic of China, the teachers and students of the school worshiped the ancestor Confucius, and the name was 'worshipping the saint'. The student's father and brother led their children to visit the teacher and feasted for one day. ("Wei County Chronicles") "Teachers and students will drink. The winter solstice is another day of appointment and dismissal for teachers. "Jinghai County Chronicles" recorded: "On the winter solstice, the teacher will pay tribute to those who have made a contract in the following year. (To be continued.) )