Because of Lord Wei's relationship, the Battle of Liuhe in the original history will definitely not come back.

However, history goes round and round and seems to be back to square one.

Without the Battle of Liuhe, Lord Wei inadvertently strengthened Cao Wenzhao's small cavalry.

Cao Wenzhao can prove the combat effectiveness of the Guanning Iron Cavalry once.

And this time the chance to prove is very good, the Mongols, Jiannu, Baojun, plus the Ming border army, the people and horses of the four sides will fight on one battlefield, and if they win the battle, they can be famous all over the world!

In fact, Cao Wenzhao had a certain amount of selfishness when he went out of the customs, and he was grateful to Lord Wei for his kindness and gave them a lot of horses, silver, grain and grass, which is one of them.

The second is that Cao Wenzhao wants to prove his strength outside the customs! It proves that the Ming border army also has an army that can fight.

In fact, Cao Wenzhao's small group of men and horses is indeed among the border troops of the Ming Dynasty, including the Jizhou Army, including the Liaodong Army, the elite of the elite, and it is not an exaggeration to say that it is the most elite along the way.

The concept of Guanning Army is actually inaccurate, since the loss of Guangning, only Shanhaiguan remained outside the Ming Dynasty.

During the period of Sun Chengzong's supervision, he had the concept of closing and outside the gate, and finally began with Yuan Chonghuan's division of the letter outside the gate, at that time, it was regarded as having the concept of Guan-Ning, and the word Guanning was first used in conjunction in the sixth year of the Apocalypse.

So what kind of name did Wang Zaijin and Sun Chengzong's army do before.

In fact, in later generations, most people believed that the Guanning Iron Cavalry referred to Wu Sangui's men and horses.

"Ming Ji Beiluo" records that Wu Sangui's subordinates had 40,000 elite soldiers and 780,000 Liao people, all of whom were resistant to fighting.

And Yiding rode thousands of horses, which was particularly majestic. The enemy is gone.

"Ming Ji Beiluo" does not discuss whether Wu Sangui's military strength is exaggerated, and the "Yiding Tucai" is obviously a minority minority, and it is most likely a Mongol.

So did the elite iron cavalry in the late Ming Dynasty really rely on foreign races to form?

However, if the "Guanning Iron Cavalry" is regarded as a general reference to the elite cavalry units in the Guanning army at the end of the Ming Dynasty, most of them were still Han Chinese.

"Yiding Tu Cavalry" is only a part of the Guanning Iron Cavalry.

According to the statement of "Seeing the New Strategy", "The slave step is good at Tengshan and the short battle, and the horse soldiers are weak." Yeh horsemen were the toughest, and the infantry was weak. Therefore, the slaves are afraid of the northern cavalry, and the northern is afraid of the slave steps", the Jianzhou Jurchens are good at infantry, and the cavalry strength is even inferior to Ye He.

In the later battles with the Ming, Jianzhou mainly used the method of cavalry infantry.

In the late Ming Dynasty, although the number of cavalry was not large, the quality was considerable.

In the Ming Dynasty, the coverage area of horse armor decreased, and more attention was paid to the mobility of cavalry.

Due to the need for nine sides against the Mongols, the proportion of cavalry increased significantly. Compared with the full-coverage horse armor often used in the Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, the heavy cavalry of the Ming Dynasty was basically semi-equipped, and at the same time had the ability to ride and shoot, and many of them were also equipped with firearms.

The Ming Dynasty also had horse armor with a larger proportion of coverage, but it was rare.

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongol cavalry also mostly used full-coverage horse armor, but the Ming cavalry paid more attention to fighting than the Mongols, and was good at charging with spears.

However, after entering the Ming Dynasty, firearms also had the effect of breaking the formation, and the enemies of the Ming Dynasty used less infantry phalanxes.

Judging from the situation of the Imjin War, the penetration and destructiveness of using heavy cavalry with half-covered horse armor to attack a low-quality infantry phalanx like the Japanese army were still considerable.

Due to the superiority of the Mongols in the number of horses, they were able to quickly gather superior forces to attack the border, forcing the Ming cavalry to have the ability to outnumber.

The cavalry of the Ming army attached great importance to the training of the impact of the gun, and the "General Chronicle of the Martial Arts Atlas" contained: "The handle is fifteen feet long, and its method is the beginning of the horse." Hold the bridle in your right hand. Left armpit with a gun. Make a crescent moon in the sky. Hold the right hand in front. Left hand back. High excess. Switch the left and right hands. Make a left front stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a right front stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a left back stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a right front stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a left front stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a right back stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a left front stab. Switch the left and right hands. Make a right front stab. Still playing with guns. Swing inward right once. Left inward swing once. If so, there is no definite number. ”

Obviously, the cavalry of the Ming army charged in groups with guns, and their momentum was like a dense forest of spear mountains, which could terrify the Mongols, who were inclined to mobile combat and were not good at fighting tough battles.

In the thirteenth year of Jiajing, in February 1534, the general soldier Wang Xiao repelled more than 10,000 Mongols with 800 elite cavalry, and similar achievements are numerous in the history of the Ming Dynasty.

The general Ma Fang even led elite cavalry deep into the Mongolian Plateau many times, defeating the superior forces of the Mongols, and even Altan Khan himself.

It can be seen from this that the decisive assault tactics of the Ming cavalry were very effective.

The Liaodong Army and the Guanning Army had a large number of elite cavalry, as well as regular cavalry units that enjoyed the financial tilt of the imperial court, and their cavalry combat effectiveness should be considerable.

Although there are some Mongols, the vast majority are Han Chinese.

So, how did the cavalry of the Ming army perform in the battle against Jianzhou?

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty, He Shixian Biography": Shixian stationed in Sanyang, heard the changes, galloped out of the fortress, got the first hundred and fifty four levels, entered the deputy general army, Tieling was surrounded, Shixian galloped to help, the city has been broken, and invited to get the first merit of more than 100 levels. In September of the first year of Taichang, he fought against Gray Mountain and Fu'an Fort, and won the first 200 merits.

He Shixian launched several surprise attacks with small cavalry units to defeat the Houjin, and is known in history as "a number of gladiatorial battles", apparently through melee combat, and some of these battles were probably fought against Nurhachi himself.

He Shixian's beheadings were close to 500, and the beheadings were often less than the actual enemy annihilation, and the annihilation of the Jurchens should be more than 1,000 people.

Although the Jianzhou infantry is good at fighting, He Shixian's tactics are mainly based on surprise attacks, and the Jianzhou infantry may not be able to fight in columns.

For example, in the Battle of Tieling, it should be that the Jianzhou Army had just broken through Tieling, and suddenly attacked from behind, killing the enemy with a strong impact.

Since the heavy cavalry of the Ming army used semi-covered horse armor, the load was lighter, which was conducive to quick detachment after the battle.

During the Battle of Guangqumen, Yuan Chonghuan led 9,000 elite cavalry of the Guanning Army to gallop to the Beijing Division, and repelled at least 10,000 Houjin soldiers by dismounting the horseback, which proved that the infantry combat ability of the elite cavalry of the Guanning Army was also remarkable.

It can be seen that although there is no full coverage of horse armor, the "Guanning Iron Cavalry" should be a force similar to the heavy cavalry of the Tang Dynasty, which can not only ride and shoot, but also stronger than fighting.

After the Battle of Songjin, Wu Sangui was still able to hold Ningyuan for two years with fewer troops and resources, and thwarted Manchurian attacks many times, which also showed that the "Yiding Turf Cavalry" as the afterglow of the Guanning Iron Cavalry, the combat effectiveness was considerable.

However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, it was extremely corrupt, the government administration was inefficient, and there were internal and external troubles.

However, the militarized operation of Jianzhou is comprehensively balanced in the allocation of infantry, cavalry, and artillery.

Coupled with the mistakes of the central command, the Ming Dynasty was still often defeated against the Later Jin.

But even so, when Li Zicheng conquered Beijing, Houjin even failed to take Ningyuan, and it was Wu Sangui who took the initiative to abandon Ningyuan and settle in Shanhaiguan.

From this point of view, although the "Guanning Iron Cavalry" does not exist in weaving, the Guanning Cavalry is indeed a strong soldier in the late Ming Dynasty.

But no matter how strong a soldier is, there is no money, and no one can use it well, what can he do?

Cao Wenzhao's way, whether it was an infantry army or a cavalry, was equipped with a three-eyed gun.

There are several infantry troops, and one cavalry man.

This is the top equipment in the border army of the Ming army.

Otherwise, even the Three-Eyed Gun would not be equipped with so many.

This is all because Wei Bao is in addition to money.

The other Jiliao border troops also have three-eyed guns, and they can't afford to raise them, not so much.

The main thing is that there are not so many fire buds.

Cao Wenzhao had the silver, so he spent some more money and some more fire from the construction office of the Jiliao Governor's Mansion, and simply borrowed the three-eyed guns of the friendly troops in several nearby military camps, so the equipment was good.

The three-eyed fire gun of the Ming Dynasty, in the original Guanning Iron Cavalry to resist the Japanese and aid the Dynasty, the Eight Banners of Rigidity were used for this.

When you charge, you shoot three times in a row, and when you are close, you can change your grip to a mace, which is very bullish equipment.

In the battles of Ningjin and Guangqumen, Man Gui Zhao led the ancestor Dashou and others to at least perform much stronger than other regular armies of the Ming Dynasty, such as Lu Xiangsheng, Sun Chuanting, Yang Sichang and so on.

According to historical records, the regular army of the Ming Dynasty that could still be undefeated against the Houjin, that is, during the Yuan Chonghuan period, Hong Chengchou Songjin was in the early stage of the Songjin War, and it was defeated in the later stage.

Yuan Chonghuan is a very powerful character, if Yuan Chonghuan is still guarding Liaodong, Huang Taiji will not have a chance to enter the customs again.

In the second year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji's adventurous entry into the customs is also a strategic attempt by Huang Taiji, if Chongzhen does not operate blindly, Huang Taiji can go back safely is blessed by God.

Therefore, the border army of the Ming army is not weak, and there are also cavalry, although the number of cavalry is not much, but there is also a small number of elites, and thousands of people can be made up.

According to the customary division of antiquity, the year before 1840 is counted as antiquity, and after that as the modern era.

Wei Bao felt that in ancient China, the army with the strongest comprehensive strength was undoubtedly the Ming army, not only the Shenji Battalion, one of the three major battalions of the forbidden army, was fully firearms equipment, even in the previous conventional war, firearms were also widely used in the battles of the Ming army.

The structure of the Ming army is "ten guns, twenty swords, thirty bows and arrows, and forty guns", from short handguns to heavy artillery, and even the chariots that have not been used for a long time are pulled out and matched with firearms, similar to primitive infantry vehicles, small tanks, small armored vehicles, such as what pioneer thunderbolt and so on.

There are too many names of various firearms and chariots. Zhi 68. Bing IV. Firearms records a variety of mysterious weapons.

For example, during the Tianshun period, a small Katyusha nine-dragon cylinder with nine hairs was invented, and the Governor of the Military Affairs Weng Wanda made it, and now it has been banned by the Ottawa Convention. Mother and child fire beasts, laying mines and artillery, can stop the night robbery camp. ”

The mines in such a bunker, as well as the ten-eyed copper cannon and four-eyed iron gun offered by Yushi Zhang Yan, etc., only you can't think of it, there is no weapon that they can't build.

In terms of tactics, Zhu Yuanzhang's godson Mu Ying invented a tactic similar to Oda Nobunaga's "three-stage attack" a hundred years later in the process of sweeping up the rebels.

"Ying Xuan rode 30,000 gallops to rescue, and put the artillery crossbow into three lines." History of the Ming Dynasty. It is recorded in the Biography of Mu Ying.

Later, Zhu Di's tactics of "the god machine is in the front, and the horse team is in the back" in Mobei.

In addition, the Ming army later bought from foreigners "can crack the stone city and shake dozens of miles."

In the apocalypse, he was awarded the title of general and sent officials to worship him.

The first organized artillery unit in history was established.

In terms of infantry, the Ming Dynasty was relatively weak, but Zhu Yuanzhang was able to beat the Yuan Dynasty out of Beijing in the first ten months, which shows that the infantry is not much worse.

And the later Yu Jiajun and Qi Jiajun were also quite powerful.

The reason why the Ming Dynasty is strong, the cavalry is indispensable, it is said that the cavalry of the Yuan Dynasty started, and the emaciated camel was bigger than the horse, but it was not chased all over the world by Chang Yuchun Xu Da Lanyu and so on.

In the later period, the Guanning Iron Cavalry also beat the Eight Banners Army out of temper.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty to Emperor Chongzhen, before the southeast branch of the coal mountain, the defense line of Guanning Jin was not breached, and most of the famous generals of Guanning Jin were unified in the south.

The Ming Dynasty is not only the infantry and cavalry, the navy is also very good, the previous dynasties were at most a dozen small water armies in the rivers, the Ming Dynasty was really the only ancient one in history with a naval system, and the late Qing Dynasty was considered modern.

Moreover, the navy of the Ming Dynasty is also the only army that fights at sea, even the navy of later generations did not say who to fight abroad, and the eunuchs of our Ming Dynasty did it.

A trip to the West to exterminate the pirate Chen Zuyi is not a skill.

Three trips to the West, Ceylon Mountain King Yalie Kunaer "stubbornly disrespectful, murdering the boat master", Zheng He when he returned to the city, he 50,000 people were ready to attack, but he was defeated by Zheng He's 2,000 people, and then captured back to the capital for trial, we had this strength back then.

He went to the West and captured the Sumatran king Suganra and sent him back to the capital to kill him.

The Quartet did not come out of etiquette, but by showing off force.

Not only in any era, but also if you can't fight, you can't gain the awe of others.

Since then, the surrounding small countries have never dared to compete with the navy of the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming Navy fought the Battle of Luowan with the Netherlands, the Battle of Luliang with Japan, the Battle of Luliang with Portugal, the Battle of Xiaobenzi Zoumaki, and the Battle of Jiushan Ocean, the Battle of Fuliangjiang and the Battle of Shentou Sea with Vietnam, and the Battle of Xiamen with the Qing Dynasty.

The Ming army also had a strong spy agency to provide important support for military operations, and Jinyiwei collected a large amount of information from the small book army in the Renchen War, including the activities of Jinyiwei's intelligence agencies in the small book, which was also rare in the previous dynasty.

But what is puzzling is that they actually sent a "burly and talented" person to be a spy.

The Japanese were super short at the time, and such people would not be discovered if they went.

As for why the powerful Ming army was defeated by the Eight Banners Army, there were too many accidental factors, the three major campaigns of Wanli hollowed out the economy of the Ming Dynasty, the eunuchs were autocratic, the party struggles continued, the government and the opposition were tired, natural disasters continued, the governance was wrong, the people were not happy, the employment was neglected, the arrogance was arrogant, and Manchuria rose.

Many of the wars in the Guannai were fought by the old Ming army against the new Ming army, and the internal friction of the Southern Ming regime also buried the hope of recovering the country.

If it is only the elite of the army against the Manchurian Eight Banners, the latter has almost no chance.

Judging from the letters written by Huang Taiji to Chongzhen at that time, they just wanted to grab something, and they didn't want to do anything about the Ming Dynasty.

Therefore, the Ming army has infantry, Qijia army, etc.

There are cavalry, Li Chengliang's department.

There is artillery, such as the Shenji battalion.

There are agents, brocade guards.

There are engineers, from the founding of Zhu Yuanzhang to the end, the engineer troops have played a great contribution in the process of defending the city.

There are special forces, such as the Guanning Iron Cavalry, etc.

There is an undefeated navy, which can rely on strong military strength, fight whoever it wants, destroy whoever it wants, and change the big man if it is disobedient.

At that time, there was no air force, otherwise it is estimated that the Ming Dynasty would have to get an air force out.

The most important thing is that the emperors of the Ming Dynasty are quite martial, from Zhu Yuanzhang to Chongzhen, there is no fear of death, and the emperors of the Ming Dynasty are also the most.

And they all go to the front line, and they go to the front line, and they actually kill the enemy, Ming Wuzong once went into battle to kill two enemies, which is rare in history.

Moreover, due to the influence of China's topography, the north fought the south, followed the trend, and the south fought the north, and the only unity was created by the Ming army.

Wei Bao believes that the military strength in history can not be compared vertically, no matter how fierce the army of the Qin Dynasty is, it can't beat the Beifu soldiers, no matter how powerful the Beifu soldiers are, they still have to kneel when they see the Qin Wangfu, and the Qin Wangfu will cry if they fight with the Yuan army, and the Yuan army will also clamp the horse's belly and run when they see Lan Yu, no matter how awesome the Ming Dynasty navy is, I don't believe that he can beat the Beiyang Naval Division.

Therefore, it would be fairer to compare the world horizontally at that time.

The Qin army unified the whole country, one was that the Shang Dynasty changed the law to increase the morale of the Qin army and provide sufficient logistical support, the second was that the Qin army had a certain advantage in weapons, the third was to rely on the topography of Hangu Pass, and the fourth was to break the alliance of the six countries and let the princes bribe Qin with rich land.

At that time, the military strength of Zhao Wuling King Hu Fu was also quite strong after cavalry shooting, but Zhao had Hu people in the north and the princes in the south, and the west had to be in opposition to Qin for a long time, and it had nothing to defend, and the land was flat and flat.

Imagine that if Qin and Zhao changed positions at that time, then the chances of Zhao unifying the whole country were no less than those of Qin.

The state of Zhao resisted the state of Qin for many years under the condition of terrain disadvantage, and the final rout was also an internal reason.

Therefore, the unification of the whole country by the Qin army had a great influence on external factors.

Both the theory of the Qin Dynasty and the theory of the Six Kingdoms said that the defeat of the Six Kingdoms was not due to the inferiority of the soldiers, but to other factors.

"The Six Kingdoms are shattered, the non-soldiers are disadvantageous, the war is not good, and the disadvantage is to bribe Qin. Bribing Qin and losing strength, the way of destruction is also", "Qin Xiaogong is based on the solidity of Cuihan, embraces the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and ministers stick to the Zhou room. ”

The reward and punishment system of the Qin Dynasty's march has also been followed by all generations of the later dynasties, for example, it is written in the biography of the Ming Dynasty Mangui: "Military order, get the first of the enemy, give an official, otherwise you will be given 50 platinum." Gui has repeatedly won gold, but he is not employed"

That is to say, if you get a head, you will either be promoted to one level or given 50 taels of silver, and he will choose money every time, not an official position.

Even in the Warring States period at that time, Zhao State also had its own military reward and punishment system, which was divided into three types: reward, military merit and official promotion.

At that time, there was a saying in the Warring States that Qi Zhi's skill attack could not meet the Wei clan's warriors, and Wei's warriors could not meet Qin's warriors.

At the same time, the elite troops of the Warring States also had the Wuling Iron Cavalry of King Wuling of Zhao, the troops attacked the Xiongnu in the north for more than 200 miles and did not dare to invade the border, but at that time the Xiongnu took a lot of advantage in the Qin State, and once threatened Xianyang in the later period of Xiaogong, and the mobility was very poor, but the accuracy was very good South Korean attack battalion.

"The world's strong bows and crossbows are all from Han", although it is said that Wei Wushu is afraid of Qin Ruishi, and there are only more than 1,600 people in the most period of Tieying Ruishi, and the establishment is not very much, and it belongs to the special forces, but Wu Qi defeated the Qin army with 50,000 people and 500,000 is this Wei Wushu.

Therefore, the standing army of the Qin army was not invincible, and the most powerful infantry at that time should have been this Wei soldier, but if you look at the map of China at that time, Wei was surrounded by several countries, and Qin only had to defend one pass.

At the same time, there were still 300 Spartan warriors in the world at that time, in fact, the scientific name is the red hoplite, with a strength of 4,000 people, the immortal immortal army of the large army, and the mythical Greco-Roman troops.

The same number of Qin troops encountered the same number of Roman First Legions, and they may not have been able to fight.

The other party is completely a human tank, except for the eyes, the rest is iron.

The combat effectiveness of the Han army was not good in the early stage, and later during the period of Emperor Wu, the Han army was strong at the same time, and there was a powerful Roman legion in the world, and the Roman legion was superior to the Han army in terms of combat discipline and team combat tactics and protection, and the mobility and number of the Han army were stronger than the Romans.

Moreover, the Roman artillery crossbow was calculated by mathematical formula, which was superior to the bed crossbow of the Han army in terms of strike accuracy.

Ditto, the Han army can gnaw the First Army to death in terms of numbers, but with the same number, the First Army is too thick, and it can use our mobility to exhaust them to death.

And those men fought alone and a gang served, and they carried and robbed them, and killed those who took armor, and they fell to their knees.

When he arrived in the Sui and Tang dynasties, he conquered Korea, killed the Sui Dynasty and overthrew the Tang Dynasty.

North Korea can serve as a weather vane.

During the Ming Dynasty, he went to China as a government-in-exile, but at that time, he fought with the Sui and Tang dynasties in the dark, and of course he suffered a lot, but we didn't take advantage of much.

If you don't shoot Korean dramas with the sticks of the next generation, you dare to say that Tang Taizong was blinded by Yuangai Suwen, and he didn't dare to say that Emperor Wanli was knocked out of one ear by Li Chenggui.

In the Battle of Talas, Gao Xianzhi was also defeated by the Arab army, and we finally suffered a loss in numbers, which led to the outflow of technology.

But to say that the Tang army is the strongest in the world, not necessarily, Tubo is already relatively strong, and the Arab army at that time should be more powerful in morale because of the support of faith.

If the Yuan army is not counted as a foreign power, he is indeed very powerful, but you must know that at that time, the Song army had almost no cavalry.

The fundamental reason for the weakness of the Song Dynasty was not that it emphasized literature over military force, but that it could be traced back to the fact that after the Later Jin Dynasty ceded the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun, the Central Plains Dynasty no longer had a way to obtain war horses.

In the era of cold weapons, cavalry was like the air force of later generations, with extremely high mobility and enough cavalry, which was equivalent to winning and not losing.

The Yuan army defeated the Song army, and it was adults beating children.

Moreover, the most important thing is that the Yuan Dynasty can only claim hegemony on land, and he has no ability to play a small book, so the Ming army can.

The strength of the military lies in the fact that if you see who is not pleasing to the eye, you will destroy whom, and if you can't fight whoever is not pleasing to the eye, you will not be truly strong.

The Ming army did this, but the Yuan army did not.

The combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners was blown up by the history of the Qing Dynasty, and if the Eight Banners were really so powerful, it was not necessary for Wu Sangui to help them enter the customs.

After entering the customs, the situation of the Ming army fighting the Ming army was greater than that of the Ming army fighting the Ming army in the Eight Banners.

The Ming army was the strongest army in ancient China, and in the eyes of Westerners, the Ming Dynasty was the last hegemonic power in Chinese history.

And the hegemony rests on a strong army.

Among the ancient dynasties of China, the Tang Dynasty and the Han Dynasty were the strongest ranks.

The Tang Dynasty controlled the Western Regions for more than a few decades, and the Tang Dynasty controlled it for more than 120 years.

It was around 790 AD that the Tang Dynasty lost the Western Regions.

When it comes to foreign expansion, the Qin Dynasty is far inferior to the Han and Tang dynasties.

The Qin Dynasty did not have the Western Regions and Mobei, and it is also doubtful whether it controlled the southern part of the country, and the Qin Dynasty was far inferior to the Han and Tang dynasties in terms of the scope and time of control over the peripheral territories.

And the short life span of the Qin Dynasty, the unified Qin Dynasty, did not have a few years.

Its control over the Central Plains and the south was also much shorter than that of the Han and Tang dynasties.

The Han Dynasty did not control Mobei, while the Tang Dynasty controlled Mobei for decades, the Tang Dynasty also controlled Monan, and the late Tang Dynasty also controlled part of Monan through the three-surrender city system.

However, in terms of the time of control over Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula, the Han Dynasty was longer than the Tang Dynasty.

In addition, the Tang Dynasty's Metropolitan Protectorate controlled the Western Regions for more than 120 years, while the Han Dynasty's Imperial Protectorate controlled the Western Regions for about 90 years.

In fact, the Han Dynasty also lost the Western Regions in the end.

The king of the Western Regions, Arodo, killed and injured the officials of the Han Dynasty, and then fought with the Beijun of the Han Dynasty, but the Han Dynasty actually abolished the Beijun of its own and recognized Adolo instead.

At the end of the Han Dynasty, the Hu people had infiltrated into Guanzhong and the Central Plains, and developed greatly in Guanzhong and the Central Plains.

When it came to Cao Wei, it was Cao Wei who was strong enough to keep part of the territory, which could not be attributed to the Han Dynasty.

If the credit is given to the Han Dynasty according to the retrospective of some people, then the Han Dynasty should also be attributed to the Han Dynasty for the destruction of Wuhu Chaohua, which is much greater than the credit.

attributed the Wuhu chaos to the Han Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Wuhu Dynasty, and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, even the Central Plains and the South, the central territory of the Han people, could not be unified.

Even if the Western Regions were controlled, the reason was the strength of those secessionist regimes, not the Han Dynasty.

The Western Jin Dynasty could not talk about having an advantage over the Siyi, and the Xianbei people in Wuhu Huali were not attached tribes, and the Huns were clearly anti-Jin.

A group of Hu people fought the Jin Dynasty, and even the Central Plains, the central territory of the Han people, was lost.

If you want to say that it left a mess, the Sui Dynasty was in turmoil, leaving a mess for the Tang Dynasty.

Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty caused serious chaos, ruined the rich inheritance left by Emperor Wen of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty, the population was sharply reduced to about 2 million households, a large number of territories were lost, many strong enemies inside and outside, and the civil war weakened China, and even Tuyuhun returned to his hometown and attacked the right side of the Sui Dynasty, but the counties of the Sui Dynasty could not be defended, and the Turks rose to the level of "Rong Di is strong, and the ancient is unprecedented", and some areas of the Central Plains of the Sui Dynasty were included in the sphere of influence, and the Turkic Khan wanted to follow the example of Emperor Tuoba Daowu to enter the Central Plains.

What Yang Guang left behind was a mess and a bad situation, and Huaxia faced many dangers such as the Turkic Tuyuhun and other indiscriminate China.

Under this bad situation, Li Yuan and Li Shimin Tang Dynasty quickly defeated many strong enemies, unified, and defeated the Turks, the newly rising and powerful Xue Yantuo, the Western Regions countries, the Songwai barbarians and other enemies, occupied Monan, Mobei, Western Regions and other places, and expanded and occupied a huge territory.

One of the reasons for this period is that the Tang army had strong combat effectiveness.

In order to prevent the Turks from attacking with Liu Wuzhou and others, he temporarily formed a Turkic alliance, but soon after the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, he started a war with the Turks, defending the Turks on the one hand, and destroying other separatist forces on the other, including the elimination of a number of separatist forces attached to the Turks, which not only pacified the troubled times and unified, but also weakened the power of the Turks and hit the prestige of the Turkic khans.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan, Li Shimin and others fought hard for several years, not only unified, but also resisted the Turks, smashed the Turkic Khan's attempt to follow the example of Emperor Tuoba Daowu to enter the Central Plains, thus defending the Chinese civilization, and also eliminated a number of separatist forces supported by the Turks, weakening the power of the Turkic Khan.

In the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty not only lost Hexi and Longyou, but also most of the Central Plains and the south were out of control.

When Li Yuan Taiyuan raised his army, the territory was very small, only Taiyuan, and then Li Yuan and Li Shimin defeated many internal and external enemies in the Tang Dynasty, and then expanded to occupy the Central Plains, Hexi, Longyou, South, Monan, Mobei, Western Regions and other places.

Later, the territory lost by the Tang Dynasty was originally the outer territory occupied by the Tang Dynasty's expansion, and the outer territory of Hetao and part of Monan, as well as the central territory of the Han people, the Central Plains and the south, were not lost by the Tang Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty did not lose territory in the interior.

In the later part of the Tang Dynasty, it also controlled the Central Plains and the south, and also controlled the Hetao and part of the Monan region through the system of three surrendered cities.

Yungui was still an ethnic minority area at that time, and the Tang Dynasty expansion occupied a part of it.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Vietnam (Annam) was still part of the Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty failed to occupy Vietnam, which caused China to lose Vietnam.

And the Tang Dynasty did not leave a mess for the Song Dynasty.

Neither the Khitan nor the party was big in the Tang Dynasty.

In the late Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zhongwu, Liu Ji, and Li Zaiyi also defeated Xi and Khitan.

The Tang Dynasty was followed by the Later Liang and Later Tang dynasties of the Five Dynasties, not the Song Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, Li Cunqiao used a corner of the east of the river to confront Houliang on the one hand, and defeated the Khitan main force led by Yelu Abaoji, the Khitan hero, on the other hand, and Wang Yanqiu also played the Khitan courtesy.

The Song Dynasty took over the powerful Later Zhou, which almost unified the Central Plains, and basically unified most of the Han land, far surpassing Li Cunqiao in terms of territory and population, but it was not good for the Khitan in terms of performance.

And the party item really sat big in the Song Dynasty, and the party item couldn't even win Lingzhou in the five dynasties.

The party item Li Jishou dedicated the land of Xia Suiyin Jingyou to the Song Dynasty, but the Song Dynasty made a mistake in dealing with the party item Li Jitou and Li Jiqian, and then made many serious mistakes.

When Li Jiqian fled into Jinze, there were only a dozen people, but in the end, the Song Dynasty, which was tossed, gave Li Jiqian the land of Xia Suiyin Jingyou Five Prefectures, and lost Lingzhou to Li Jiqian, which led to the party item Li Jiqian really sitting big, and his descendants established Western Xia.

The passivity of the Song Dynasty was caused by the Song Dynasty itself.

In the fifth dynasty, Li Cunqiao and Wang Yanqiu also defeated the Khitan in such a few places.

Later, Shi Jingjiao of the Later Jin Dynasty gave the Youyun region to the Khitan, and Liu Bang, Li Yuan, and Zhu Yuanzhang did not have the Youyun region when they raised their troops.

The strength left by the Later Zhou Dynasty to the Song Dynasty was still stronger than when Liu Bang, Li Yuan, and Zhu Yuanzhang raised their troops, which was left to the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty took over the relatively powerful Later Zhou, while the other separatist forces were not weak and formed an alliance to resist a strong one, giving the Song a chance to break them one by one.

In the situation left by the predecessors that was so conducive to basic unification, it took the Song Dynasty almost 20 years for the Second Emperor to get it, and the entrepreneurship was created like this, which is really hehe.

The Song Dynasty's own failure to occupy Youyun was the result of the Song Dynasty's own ineffective expansion.

The Song Dynasty was a mess on the national defense situation, there was no Youyun area, no horse-producing land, etc., not to mention that the Song Dynasty had a war horse production area and an input channel Lingwu, but the Song Dynasty itself lost Lingwu, but the Song Dynasty still had horse-producing land on Hedong Road and Yongxing Military Road.

It was the result of the Song Dynasty's own poor performance and poor expansion.

The Han, Tang and Ming dynasties relied on their own expansion to occupy strategic places such as Youyun, and in the later period of the Han Dynasty, there were many alien internal migrations, and the Wuhu Chaohua and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were even more alien internal migrations.

With the performance of the Song Dynasty, even if there were no Shatuo people, Dangxiang people, and Khitan people, there would be other foreign races to do those things instead of them.

The mess left by the chaos at the end of Qin and the end of Sui, how did the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty not complain about the Qin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty.

When Liu Bang and Li Yuan raised their troops, the territory was very small, and there were no strategic places such as Youyun.

The Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty defeated many strong internal and external enemies before occupying strategic locations such as Youyun.

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the end of the Sui Dynasty, the chaos was serious, the population decreased sharply, and the chaos at the end of the Sui Dynasty led to only more than 200,000 households during the Wude period of the early Tang Dynasty, the Xiongnu and the Turks grew again, and the Turks became strong again at the end of the Sui Dynasty.

The Han and Tang dynasties defeated many internal and external enemies, expanded their territory, and improved their national defense situation.

From the point of view of defense and control over the whole country, the border affairs of the Ming Dynasty were no more stable than those of the Tang Dynasty.

For most of the second half of the Tang Dynasty, most of the 40 to 50 feudal towns were not divided, and only a few feudal towns such as Heshuo were divided, but the policies and decrees of the Tang Dynasty were also implemented, "the authority of the imperial court officials and lords must be used to secure the military situation", and the secession of feudal towns was also lifted.

Even when the town of Heshuo was in a state of secession, it was not occupied by foreign enemies.

In terms of the scope and time of control over the territory, the Tang Dynasty surpassed the Ming Dynasty.

The Tang Dynasty controlled the Western Regions for more than 120 years, and the Ming Dynasty almost never controlled the Western Regions, at most briefly controlled the eastern part of the Western Regions.

The Tang Dynasty controlled Mobei for decades, and the Ming Dynasty did not control Mobei.

During the period of Tang Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Gaozong controlled Monan for 50 years in the early stage, and later from the second time when Tang Zhongzong ascended the throne Zhang Renyuan established the system of three surrendered cities, the Tang Dynasty began to control the Hetao and part of the Monan area again, and the late Tang Dynasty still controlled the Hetao and part of the Monan area.

The Ming Dynasty's control over the Monan region and the Hetao was much shorter.

Although Ming Chengzu made five expeditions to Mobei, he failed to advance the border in the end, but changed the name of the Northern Parallel Capital Division to the Daning Capital Division, moved to Baoding Mansion, and the left and right guards of Dongsheng were also moved to Lulong and Zunhua in present-day Hebei.

Kaiping Wei and Xinghe became a lonely stronghold, Yongle 20 years, 1422 AD, Xinghe was attacked by the Mongolian Arutai and moved to Xuanfu.

In the fifth year of Xuande, in 1430 AD, Kaipingwei also moved to control the monolithic fort.

At this point, the Ming Dynasty not only lost Inner Mongolia, but also retreated to the Great Wall in Beijing, Hebei, and Shanxi.

The Hetao region was originally a Ming dynasty's territory, but after the retreat of the Eastern Shengwei, it lost its support, and the Mongols continued to invade, and after Tianshun (1457-1464 AD), it became a completely Mongol sphere of influence.

At one point, Jiajing tried to recover the Hetao, but was unsuccessful.

Seeing what the Huns persuaded Wei Lu and the Turks said in the valley, Wei Lu was a single plan: "Build a city through a well, govern the building to hide the valley, and guard it with the Qin people." Han soldiers arrived, helpless me. ”

That is, hundreds of wells are pierced and thousands of timber are cut. Or it is said that the Hu people can't defend the city, and it is the food of the Han Dynasty, and the law of Wei will stop.

During the Han and Tang dynasties, neither the Xiongnu nor the Turks dared to build cities close to the Central Plains, and even in the late Han and Tang dynasties, the Xianbei and Uighurs did not dare to build cities near the Central Plains.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Mongols dared to occupy the Hetao and Monan, and even when the Mongols were divided into multiple tribes, one of them was able to build a city in the Hetao near the Central Plains.

China's inherent territory was not lost by the Tang Dynasty, but by the Song Dynasty.

In addition, before the Tang Dynasty, Yungui was a place of ethnic minorities, and the Tang Dynasty expanded to occupy Yungui, and later lost it.

Later, the Tang Dynasty lost some peripheral territories, but the Tang Dynasty still controlled the outer territory of Hetao and part of Monan, and also controlled the core territory of the Han people, the Central Plains and the south. Moreover, whether it is the territory lost by the Tang Dynasty or the territory controlled by the Tang Dynasty, it all started from Taiyuan and only Taiyuan, Li Yuan and Li Shimin The Tang Dynasty defeated many enemies and expanded and occupied.

The late Tang Dynasty also controlled Annam.

The territory of the Han and Tang dynasties was occupied by their own expansion.

Because the Song Dynasty failed to control Vietnam, China lost Vietnam.

If this is said to be rooted in the feudal towns of the late Tang Dynasty, then any territory lost in later generations can be said to have its roots in the Han Dynasty and the secession warlords in the late Han Dynasty.

The "feudal town" of the Yang clan in Banzhou is still part of the Huaxia Dynasty, and it is not a loss of land at all.

There were also external defeats in the late Han Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty, but after that, the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty were able to achieve a great external victory, which was enough to avenge the shame.

And the Ming Dynasty against the Later Jin, the Ming Dynasty was a series of heavy defeats, and there was no big victory enough to avenge the shame.

There were even cases where the Ming army was several times and dozens of times that of the Later Jin army, and was also defeated by the Later Jin army, which was the opposite of the Han and Tang Dynasties.

In the foreign wars of the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, there were many victories with fewer victories.

Both the Han and Tang dynasties eventually died in internal strife, and did not lose the Central Plains and the south, the core territory of the Han people, to foreign enemies.

In the later period of the Han Dynasty, the Qiang Rebellion caused far more damage to the Han Dynasty than the Xiongnu when it was strong, but the Han Dynasty Duan Xi still pacified the Qiang Rebellion.

In the middle of the ninth century, the Tang court reoccupied Qin, Yuan, Anle, Wei, Fu, He, Wei and other prefectures, and Zhang Yichao occupied Hexi and Longyou, and belonged to the Tang Dynasty.

During the Anshi Rebellion, the Uighurs stopped claiming to be subordinate to the Tang Dynasty, recognized the Tang Dynasty as their brother, and took the opportunity to plunder Luoyang when they helped the Tang Dynasty put down the rebellion.

Later, starting with Tang Dezong, the Uighurs again began to claim subordination to the Tang dynasty.

In the middle of the ninth century, the Uighurs were defeated, and the Uighurs were paid tribute to the Tang Dynasty. Some Uighurs moved westward, and a large number of Uighurs moved south.

The Uighurs who migrated south clashed with the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty of Zhang Zhongwu, Liu Wei, and Shi Xiong defeated the Uighurs several times, killing more than 100,000 Uighurs and capturing a large number of Uighur princes and nobles.