After chatting for a while about the official affairs of the camp, Du Zhongxiao suddenly said: "Speaking of school, I have compiled a few booklets in my spare time these days, and I want to teach folk in the future. Zirong took a look at it, whether it was suitable or not, and added or deleted it. ”

After speaking, he got up and went back to his study, and after a while he took back three booklets.

"This one is Literacy. I made it up to teach children to read and write, which is easy to learn. Although there is no "Hundred Family Names" and "Thousand Character Text" with clear rhyme and catchy, it is better than the meaning is simple and all use colloquialisms. It is not enough for the scribes to be enlightened, but the villagers are more than literate. ”

Su Song received it in his hand and saw that it was an extremely thin booklet. Turning it open, it is not like the common enlightened textbook at this time, not articles, but words and phrases. Such as chickens, ducks, pigs, dogs, horses, cows, sheep, and there are also drawings next to them, which are easy to identify.

Su Song looked at it and was silent. It is indeed much easier to teach people literacy in this way than ordinary textbooks, but the use of words is too vulgar and not conducive to reading articles. Reading is to be learned, and the articles written by learned people have different characteristics, which are different from spoken language. Even if this kind of teaching material teaches people to read and write, they still have to start learning again in the future. Fortunately, there are a few poems at the end, all of which are similar to children's rhymes, barely like some readers. In this way, it is easy to read and write, but it will be difficult to get started with reading in the future, and it is not good or bad.

Seeing that Su Song didn't speak, Du Zhongxiao knew what he meant. I made up this booklet by myself and used it to teach my son, but Han Yueniang was unwilling. After learning to read in this way, it is difficult to say whether it is good or bad for reading and writing articles in the future. The advantage is that literacy is early, and the disadvantage is that it is easy to develop bad habits, and there is a gap between the most important initial stage of reading and real learning. My son is going to study and take the Jinshi exam in the future, what is the use of learning this? That is, her son is too young now, Han Yueniang allowed Du Zhongxiao to toss it, and when she was about to be enlightened at the age of six or seven, she would definitely not agree to use this kind of teaching material.

Su Song really had the same idea. This kind of thinking cannot be wrong, learning is originally a process of transforming people's minds, and it is not simply learning knowledge. Originally, he also wanted to follow his own learning process and compile a few more volumes to write some common idioms into easy-to-understand short stories. When they understand that literacy is not just a simple recognition, but also the formation of study habits and ideology, and the level of consciousness is not enough, they do not do it.

Don't think that the primary school Chinese is simple, those texts actually require a very high level, and you think it is simple, but your level and vision are not enough.

Seeing that Su Song had not spoken, Du Zhongxiao said: "This book is used for enlightenment, but it is actually a little too simple. However, if it is used for the literacy of villagers and craftsmen, it is suitable for use. These people only know how to read and write, and they don't know how to read the scriptures and history for learning, as long as they know how to read, it is enough. ”

Hearing this, Su Song nodded: "If it is used like this, it is still suitable." However, to be honest, it is not good for Ling Lang to use this kind of booklet to enlighten himself. At this time, it is good to play in your spare time, and in a few years, you still have to ask a famous teacher to teach. ”

Du Zhongxiao nodded: "I naturally understand this truth, so this booklet is not to guide people to do learning, but only for literacy." In fact, in all walks of life in the world, if you can read and read, knowledge does not have to be passed on by word of mouth, and you can learn by reading by yourself, which is an excellent thing. We are enlightened readers, and it is natural to use rhyme, but not necessarily in other industries. Just like a farmer, teaching some miscellaneous words for daily use in farmland is better than reading "Thousand Character Text". It is the same in other walks of life, there are suitable teaching materials, and you can not only recognize words, but also learn knowledge. However, it is not easy to write such a textbook, you must be familiar with the industry, and you must be able to write easy-to-understand articles, and it is difficult to find such people. For example, if you teach them how to read and write farming, you can teach them how to use the solar terms, know the time of day, know the geography of farming, and there are very few people who can write. Since ancient times, although the imperial court often printed and issued them to various places, they were not widely circulated after all. It is because the book is written by a reader, it cannot be easy to understand, and it cannot be disseminated by the people. It is like the "Book of Farming", which is very detailed, has graphics in painting, has a clear shape, and each piece has a name, which is a rare masterpiece in agricultural books. But after all, it was written by literati, and if it was read to the farmer, they would not know why. After this book was published, it was printed many times by the imperial court and promulgated all over the world, but it was not widely distributed. Agriculture is the foundation of the world, especially in other industries. ”

Hearing this, Su Song smiled and said: "This is a big topic, it is not something that one person can do, and he can't do it in a hurry." ”

"All things in the field are created, and all walks of life are included. If you work hard, it is good to make a start for the world. This is the meaning of this "literacy", teaching people to recognize a few words, and then letting all walks of life compile their own teaching materials. In the future, it will be much easier to set up schools and teach according to books. With school teaching, there is no need to worry about the lack of talent. ”

Only then did Su Song understand what Du Zhongxiao meant, and nodded: "By doing this, it will be for the benefit of the world." ”

Literacy is the first step in education, and only when you take this step can the learning begins. In this era, education was only at a relatively low level of reading knowledge, and there were only a few industries such as medicine and martial arts, and there was not much professional education.

Putting down the booklet "Literacy> Du Zhongxiao handed over another one and said: "This volume is "Fang Tian", which has some arithmetic content, mainly teaching how to measure the land, estimate the grain production, and so on. After learning, you can calculate the acres of land and calculate the amount of planting when planting. It would be of great help if there were two or three people in a village who learned these things. ”

Su Song took the booklet, flipped through it, and was surprised: "I didn't expect that Zhi Xiao is also proficient in this kind of knowledge, which is really not easy." It looks simple, but it's extremely difficult to learn. There's a lot of stuff in there, even I've never seen it. And it's easy to understand, it's really rare! ”

This is actually a basic mathematics textbook, but it focuses on practicality, and there are two ways to link mathematics with astronomy at this time, mainly focusing on geography. At first, simple arithmetic, four arithmetic and so on, followed by geometry, length and distance, area and volume. The content in it is mainly elementary school mathematics, and a little bit of junior high school knowledge.

Don't underestimate these simple mathematical knowledge, but at this time it is very practical and urgently needed. The Song Dynasty did not suppress annexation, did not establish the field system, and the field tax was determined according to the account books handed down from the previous dynasty, and the acres of land had not been measured since the founding of the People's Republic of China. Not to mention that the landlord deliberately concealed it, even if it was the natural development of the past hundred years, the actual cultivated land was far from the figure on the books. The acres of land are not clear, the taxation is naturally chaotic, and those who have land do not pay taxes, while those who do not have land pay heavy taxes, which is not an isolated phenomenon in a certain place at a certain time. There are many people who realize the harm of this, and a few years ago, Guo Shi presided over a square field in several counties, but there was no follow-up.

Fang Tian is not only because of the strong local resistance due to the relationship of interests, but also because of technical reasons, it is not so simple to measure the acres of land. Using a tape measure to measure the length, calculate the area, and accurately measure the cultivated land in the world is something that can only be done by the industrial society in later generations, and it is an impossible task at this time. Not to mention the obstruction of the big landlords, even if they actively cooperated, there were no suitable means and enough manpower to do it.

The reason why the acres of land are called square fields is because what can be done in this era is to divide the cultivated land into one side and roughly estimate a number, which is impossible to be accurate. For example, the Fangtian Law implemented by Guo Zheng is a thousand-step party, setting up a sign as the basis for taxation. No matter how accurate it is, the shape of the plough cannot be square, and not many people can calculate the area of various triangles and trapezoids.

Fang Tian's purpose was not for the imperial court to collect more taxes, in fact, every time Fang Tian was on the premise that the taxes would remain unchanged. If the area of cultivated land increases when the hidden field is found, the average tax rate of the land decreases, and the total amount of land tax remains unchanged. The purpose of Fang Tian is actually to make the account books consistent with the actual cultivated land, so that the imperial court can really grasp the number of agricultural resources in a place, and let the people who cultivate the land pay an average tax according to the amount of land, so it is called an average tax.

If this booklet can really teach a large number of people to count the acres of land, Fang Tian's resistance will be reduced a lot. Why should a landless person, or a person with little land, pay taxes for others? When they understood this, Fang Tian had a mass base.

In the places where the land is now farmed, due to various reasons, the taxes in the account books are uneven, and those who have more land pass on the burden to others, and those who have less land are already poor, but they pay taxes for others. It's not just that the rich oppress the poor, it's because a large number of people don't know how much land they are planting. Planting a piece of land, others say that one acre is one acre, and ten acres is ten acres, and I can't read big words, and I can't count hundreds, but I can measure it myself?

If the peasants can calculate the area by themselves, they will fight for their own interests, and it will be much easier for the fields.

These basic mathematical knowledge are not only useful for agriculture, but also for all walks of life, and mathematics is the foundation of science and technology.

Su Song himself is proficient in technology, and he knows the value of this booklet at a glance. The knowledge in it is not very profound, but it is better than the system, and it can easily learn some basic knowledge. The content of this did not exceed the level of mathematics at this time, and the basic quality of mathematicians at this time exceeded that of junior high school students in later generations, which was also conducive to the supplementation and promotion of teaching materials.

Seeing that Su Song's attitude was very different from just now, Du Zhongxiao handed over another booklet and said: "This book "Accounting" is dedicated to how to calculate accounts. The government recruits officials to be proficient in books, but this kind of person is very rare. I have compiled this booklet, which is dedicated to accounting and settling accounts, which is useful not only for the officials of the yamen, but also for businessmen, and even for ordinary people. ”

It is not that you can calculate accounts with basic mathematical knowledge, and there are many people who can do math problems but can't do accounting. There are not only problems with mathematical methods, but also problems with bookkeeping methods, as well as the necessary knowledge of audit and review. At this time, the official use was a flow account, and the yamen of the world, including the tax workshops in various places, had a unified format for bookkeeping. Remember the accounts clearly, but it is not easy to calculate them clearly.

The account books of the world will be unified into the three divisions, and the three divisions compile the "Accounting Record" every leap year, which is the economic statistics of the Great Song Dynasty. However, the account books of the three divisions are full of sweat, except for a few geniuses who are the envoys of the three divisions, the accounts are not clear at all. The "Accounting Records" that are compiled are often copied from the past, and they cannot reflect the actual economic situation at all.

Why was Prime Minister Chen Zhizhong's father Chen Shu valued by the two emperors Taizong and Zhenzong, and the government and the opposition still remember it and think that he is the best three envoys? It is because he is strong in mental arithmetic, and he can calculate it by reading the accounts once, and this kind of genius is hard to find. Why is Ding Wei able to dominate the world? Because when he was the third envoy, he was able to calculate the accounts clearly, and really compiled an "Accounting Record", and the economic situation of the world was in his heart, no matter how extravagant and wasteful, he could always make money.

Du Zhongxiao is not a genius, he doesn't have the mental arithmetic ability like Chen Shu, nor is he as smart and careful as Ding Wei, so he has to use his own methods to figure out the accounts. Using the flow account, Du Zhongxiao couldn't even figure out the accounts of the camp field and the commune when he was in Yongcheng, and his method was to use a new bookkeeping method, and each level made detailed statistics, and the upper level only needed to settle and review.

Double-entry accounting is not complicated, and there is already a prototype in this era, but it is not systematic and there is no unified standard. This booklet is about how to keep accounts, how to settle, and how to review. As long as you follow this set of procedures, you will be able to make the accounts clear and clear at a glance. Of course, from three divisions to one state and one county, to the field affairs, and even the tax field affairs, such a complex system, errors and omissions are inevitable, and it is good to control it within a reasonable range.

When Su Song took over as the magistrate of Yongcheng, he came into contact with it when he was managing Yingtian Affairs and Yongcheng Commune, and knew the benefits. Now that I see Du Zhongxiao summed it up and written it into a booklet, I have a feeling of clearing the clouds.

Using these three pamphlets as teaching materials, a number of schools were built to train the necessary human resources, and the basic business of field management included the basic business of the foundation. Only with qualified personnel and the necessary system can we develop healthily.

The purpose of the camp was to connect the slender men of several nearby canals. The first difficulty for these people is that they don't know how to farm, and the second is that they have a low level of education. If you don't know how to farm, you can teach, and if you don't have a low level of education and can't read and write, it's difficult to teach.

After a few months, Du Zhongxiao was very dissatisfied with the construction of the camp and knew the difficulties. To solve the problem, according to his habit, it is to start from two aspects. The first is to make money, and everything is easy to do with money. The starting point of education is these three basic pamphlets.

What is needed for field work is not to study and become officials, but to study in the state and county, and suitable people to go to school there. The education in field work is mainly practical, and it is necessary to train educated peasants, educated craftsmen, and educated managers. Those who learn these may not be able to become officials, but as long as they learn well, they can at least have a job and live a decent life in the camp and field work, and being an official is just a profession.