Chapter 143: Civil and Military
This is the disadvantage of monopolizing power, while filling the gap in the overseas of the imperial court, the four military governments also obtained part of the power of the six departments to a certain extent, but the emerging four military governments only Nanyang is a sound military government.
But this is another kind of inevitability, it is not Chen Mu's intention, but it is nonsense to expect the military department to be in charge of overseas, and a message or order is transmitted back and forth for four months, which is impossible in the era when the imperial courts of all dynasties had strong executive power.
Since the Qin Dynasty built a perfect post station in the country, the urgent message from the frontier to the national capital was transmitted in the form of a relay, and the message transmission usually did not exceed seven days at its peak, but the relay at sea was useless, and the ship was fixed on the sea route, and there must be a set of institutions that could make decisions in time.
This also involves the issue of national execution, especially in the Central Plains, all dynasties, usually when the new era of conquest seems to be sandwiched by the general trend of the true destiny, the army is invincible.
But by the end of the dynasty, the same people were still the same, but the regular army was often unable to defeat the rebel army or the invading enemy.
Speaking of the Yuan and Ming dynasties alone, Genghis Khan's army was invincible, never relying on bravery, or not just bravery, but because it would gather loose troops in one place and be constrained by strict discipline, and the Mongols at that time would not lose even if they dismounted and fought with people.
The Xiongnu clan ruled Mobei in Maodun alone, and became a more powerful country than the Han Dynasty, so it had to have strict discipline that allowed his subordinates to kill their fathers, let alone the Mongols a thousand years later.
The ocean means not only wealth and risk to the Ming Dynasty, but also means that on the ocean, since the beginning of the Song Dynasty of the Five Dynasties, the system of civil and military decision-making and implementation is not good at sea.
This is the source of Chen Mu's troubles - he needs a complete staff system.
This staff system is not a horizontal copy beyond the times, but a staff system inherent in the Chinese Empire, and in Chen Mu's understanding, it is a civil and military division criticized by later generations.
Staff and staff officers, as early as 2,600 years ago, Jiang Ziya, who had written "Liutao", made it very clear:
Seventy-two people with humeral wings.
The heart is alone, the Lord praises the plan to respond, dispel the changes, and plan to save the lives of the people.
There are five strategists, the main plan is safety, worrying about the budding, talking about ability, rewarding and punishing, awarding official positions, and deciding suspicions, whether it is possible or not;
Three astronomical people, the main ephemeris, waiting for the atmosphere, pushing the time, testing the symbols, checking the disaster, knowing the opportunity to go to the heart;
The geographical advantage of three people, the situation of the main three armies, the news of interests, the danger and danger of far and near, the water and the mountains are blocked, and the geographical advantage is not lost;
Nine people in the art of war, the main lecture on similarities and differences, success or failure in action, concise weapons, and illegal stabbing;
Four people were given food, and the main food and drink were accumulated, and the grain was passed through the grain routes, so that the three armies would not be tired;
Fenwei four people, the main choice of talent, on the military revolution, galloping, I don't know why;
There are three people in the flags, the main is in the drums, the ears and eyes are clear, the tricks are in the runes, the false orders, the explanations are in and out, and the people are in and out like gods;
There are four people, and the director is difficult, repairing ditches and barriers, so as to prepare for the defense;
There are three people, the main person picks up the missing and makes up for it, responds to the guests, discusses and talks, and dissolves the problem;
There are three powerful people, the main deeds are strange, different, unrecognizable, and infinite changes;
Seven eyes and ears, the Lord listens to words and sees changes, and looks at the affairs of the Quartet and the feelings in the army;
Five minions, the main exaltation of might, inspired the three armies, so that the courage to attack the sharp, without doubt;
The four wings of the wings, the main reputation, shook the distance, shook the four realms, and weakened the enemy's heart;
Eight wanderers, the main servant and treacherous change, open and close the favor, watch the enemy's intentions, think of spies;
two warlocks, the Lord is deceitful, relying on ghosts and gods to confuse the hearts of the people;
The two Fangshi, the main hundred medicines, to cure gold sores and cure all diseases;
The law counts two people, and the compriser will have three armies; Camp walls, food, and money are in and out.
Jiang Ziya's 72-man luxurious staff corps plus the Guoren Corps led by aristocratic officers were enough to have overwhelming military strength during the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
In later countries, these professionals became fixed officials and were in charge of everything.
As for the historical context of the civilian officials leading the army, it is even more interesting, the first was the privy envoy of the Tang Dynasty, at first it was filled by eunuchs, as the tentacles of the imperial power to control the army, the early five dynasties were filled by scholars, and the later was controlled by warriors.
The military cadres have created a group of strongman emperors in five generations, and at the same time they are in charge of military and political affairs, and they have a comprehensive understanding of every corner of the whole army, and they have both the right to command and transfer troops, and they have enough influence on military and government affairs.
This is the characteristic of those strongmen of the five generations, and it is also the characteristic of Chen Mu after he went to the sea.
For example, in Beiyang, Chen Mu only has the right to command the army, from Tianjin Wei to Dagukou, he can let the Beiyang Army do anything other than participating in the war.
But once the border is crossed, it is a rebellion, Liaodong, Jizhen, Jingying, Shandong, these soldiers and horses can lead the army to crusade at the first moment when he leads the army out of Tianjin.
The tradition of the emperor directly commanding the army until the banks of the Gaoliang River, when Zhao Guangyi was shot in the battlefield led to the defeat of the war, and after that, the emperor gradually reduced his presence on the battlefield, and his military influence gradually declined, and the position of the supreme commander was indispensable.
After unsatisfactory attempts such as the Song Dynasty's imperial plan to send a formation map, the Privy Council of the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty Military Department came into being instead of the emperor to control the functions of soldiers and officers, promotion, demotion and punishment, salary, rewards and punishments, logistics supply, strategic mobilization, and military command, but did not control the actual army.
The functions of this organization are equivalent to the integration of the War Department and the General Staff Headquarters in the West in the 19th and 20th centuries. However, in the past few hundred years, military science and technology have undergone earth-shaking changes, and it is also a fact that they have not been able to catch up.
It is inevitable to emphasize literature over military force, because the Privy Council and the Ministry of War, as the decision-making body of war, are closer to the imperial power, and if the warriors are closer to the emperor, then they will emphasize military force and light literature.
Another reason for emphasizing literature over military force is that after the country is stabilized, the emperor himself often forgets or does not know his military attributes.
Just like Chen Mu deliberately influenced the little emperor, let him not forget - the power of the world's largest civil officials is in the hands of the emperor, but the same world's biggest soldier has always been the emperor.
As the Minister of the Orient, once he led the fleet to sea, he would actually hold the power that the emperor had for a long time, and the objective conditions of Beiyang's proximity to Beijing did not allow him to set up a complete organization of the Nanyang Bureaus here.
This meant that the Toyo Military Government was disabled, and there was a void in the necessary powers, all of which needed to be filled by him alone and the few staff members around him.
According to Jiang Ziya's reasoning, he is now a 'general material', and he finds what problems to solve, and if he can't solve them, he must solve them head-on.
This was very uncomfortable, so much so that Chen Mu, who was supposed to enjoy the last period before going to sea, was busy until late at night every day, on the one hand, he had to make the final preparations before going to sea, and on the other hand, he had to consider the functional deployment of the Oriental Fleet after going to sea.
He couldn't even wait.
A few days before the big reading, Chen Mu put down his pen and opened the window to look at the shadow of the flag army still standing upright on the sentry tower of the Beiyang Military Mansion in the moonlight in the distance.
"I'm ready."
Book Keju Reading Website: