Public ownership is not new, and the absence of socialism as a condition is just the norm in Chinese history. Whether it is land as a means of agricultural production or as a factory of industrial capital, the political power has been the biggest controller in China for one or two thousand years. In most cases, taxes are only used to pay for the officials and the military, and the huge cost of keeping the regime running is actually borne by the means of livelihood under the direct control of the regime.

As a result, the more developed commerce becomes, the more social wealth is tilted towards circulation, and the weaker the financial capacity of the regime. One of the most important of the Song Dynasty's several changes was the control of the commercial sector.

How to solve this problem? Du Zhongxiao didn't know. Most of the political and economic knowledge he had learned did not correspond to the reality of the Song Dynasty, and he did not have the conditions to take medicine according to the prescription. The theories learned were based on historical Europe, based on serfdom, and supplemented by the Russian rural collective communes, and the so-called Oriental model was India. China's political model of great unification and control of everything has been ignored in all models. Many of the institutional revolutions in theory are the norm in the history of the Chinese regime. In politics, it is regarded as a typical Chinese model, and the situation in which local tyrants and inferior gentry controlled the world during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China is precisely not the conventional form of history.

Without theoretical guidance, it can only be based on experience. The iron supervisor established by Du Zhongxiao and the commercial system controlled by Chang Pingsi, with the shopping mall as the core, are based on the experience of the previous life. However, the initial reform of that era was from something to nothing, and it was transferred from the hands of the government to the people. Now it is starting from scratch, first building the industry and commerce under the control of the government. As for the future, we can only explore it from practice.

Wang Anshi listened to Du Zhongxiao talk about his thoughts, his expression was serious, but he insisted on his own ideas. It is difficult for businessmen in the world to manage, and if everything is run by the government, it will become a matter of government governance. In order to rectify the rule of officials, there are too many experiences that can be learned from history, and they are precisely the special means of bureaucrats.

"Alas—" Du Zhongxiao sighed. "Jiefu, let me ask you, what is the purpose of governing the world?"

Wang Anshi said: "A few years ago, the party rebelled, the imperial court was defeated again and again, and the government treasury had no accumulation, which was already a situation of poverty and weakness. For the sake of today's plan, the most important thing is to enrich the country and strengthen the army. If the country is rich, it will have money and soldiers, and only when the army is strong can it defeat foreign enemies. Only when there is no strong enemy outside the country and no worries about the borders can we concentrate on internal affairs, lightly punish the meager endowments, make the people happy, and rule the world. ”

In the popular saying of later generations, this is a typical Spring and Autumn period thought. The core of the Spring and Autumn Period is to respect the king, and it is the first priority related to the rise and fall of the world, the core of everything. The fact that the rich country and the strong army are linked together is based on the reality of the Song Dynasty, and the army is raised with money, which is a kind of employment relationship. With money, you can raise strong soldiers, with more money, you can raise more strong soldiers, and with strong soldiers, you can destroy foreign enemies. And the sentence that Du Zhongxiao is familiar with to protect the family and defend the country is not the mainstream of thought at this time.

Du Zhongxiao said: "Jiefu, I think that the most important thing to govern the world is the last eight words you said, the world is governed and the people are happy." There are strong enemies outside, the king cannot sleep in peace, the officials cannot be worry-free, and the people will certainly not be happy. The people are not happy, but they can be used for the people's hearts. The so-called those who want the same from top to bottom win, take the people as the foundation, and build a victorious army, and retreat from the strong enemy, which is for the great rule. The wealth of the country does not necessarily mean that the army is strong, and the strength of the army does not necessarily mean the wealth of the country, and the will of the people is the foundation that determines everything. Just like the Great Song Dynasty and the Khitan, who is rich in this dynasty and the northern country? Which country has more population? Has a soldier ever been stronger than another country? This is a mistake. The wealth of the country is not as rich as the world, and if the world is rich, the treasury is full, and the people are rich, but the wealth of the country is not necessarily so. ”

Wang Anshi frowned: "It makes sense to wait for Xiao, but I'm afraid that I can't do it?" ”

Du Zhongxiao smiled: "Whether you can do it or not, you have to try to know." Since I came to Jingxi Road, built a railway supervisor, built a camp and field affairs, and now I have built a shopping mall and a village community in Changping Division, and the people have benefited from it. In addition to the benefits of the people, the property handed over to the court is several times that of a few years ago, which can be described as the wealth of the country. Now train the Xiang army so that they can defend themselves against strong enemies. If you come to the battlefield one day and win a few big battles, you will know if you can strengthen the army! ”

This is what Wang Anshi can't figure out the most, and he is particularly interested. Du Zhongxiao's actions on Jingxi Road in recent years have not only benefited the imperial court, but also the money and grain handed over have increased several times, and the people have become rich. The wealth of the country and the wealth of the people complement each other and grow simultaneously. As for Du Zhongxiao's training of the Xiang Army, Wang Anshi understands and agrees. Integrating soldiers with the people and integrating soldiers with the people is a traditional Chinese thought that has a long history.

After thinking about it, Wang Anshi said: "I lived in Baiting for a few days, and I observed the people's feelings, and I can see that the people there are rich, and there are few comparable places in the world. If it is said that the people who make money and work in the iron prison make profits, there are still many people who come out of the iron prison and build their own factories and earn more money. To be known, is this the leakage of official wealth from the people, digging the corner of the iron prison? ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "You can't say that. An iron supervisor, there are always some businesses that are not suitable for doing, goods that are not suitable for production, and places that cannot be covered by products, which are all opportunities for the people. When an industry is just starting to develop, those who join in will of course make everyone rich, but the methods are different. ”

Wang Anshi said again: "Do this, that is, learn skills by working in the iron prison, accumulate some money, and then come out to start your own business and earn a lot of money." In this way, the wealth of the country and the wealth of the people go hand in hand, can it last for a long time? ”

Du Zhongxiao shook his head: "Of course not." There will come a time when the places that can make money on the market reach the limit, and the small field outside will become bigger, competing with the iron supervisor for the opportunity to make money. At that time, let alone opening a new field, it will be difficult for the people to stick to the old field. Big fish eat small fish, small fish eat dried shrimp, merge with each other. If there is no accident, there may be a workshop that can compete with the iron prison in the people. ”

Wang Anshi said: "Even at that time, you can still work with them, learn technology, save money, and come out to open." ”

Du Zhongxiao shook his head slowly: "It's impossible." At that time, the opportunities to make money in the industry were all divided up by the market. The cost of doing things in the private sector has risen, and they can't afford to open a new field. If you want to reproduce the previous situation, you can only have the iron supervisor squeeze out the people's big field and do it again. ”

Seeing that Wang Anshi's face was solemn, he didn't speak for a while, obviously unable to understand what he meant, Du Zhongxiao continued: "Now there are small fields everywhere in the iron prison, as long as there is technology, the goods can be sold, and it is extremely easy to open a new field without much capital." But how can this situation continue? As more and more fields are opened, the price of land rises first, the wages of hired people rise, and the cost of selling goods in the middle will also rise. As the days go by, the cost of opening the same small field is getting higher and higher. It won't be long before working in the iron prison will not be able to save the capital for the opening show. What to do? Then there are several partnerships, then there are rich people in the shares, and then there are loans. When it comes to borrowing, the opening profit will be distributed to the borrower as interest. As the cost increases, interest will account for an increasing proportion of profits. At this time, the bigger field will join the lending, even if it makes less money, it will still make money with interest, and the small field will not be able to do it slowly. ”

This process is the process of harvesting industrial profits from financial capital and industrial capital combined with financial capital. When the profits of the industry cannot pay the interest, the industry cannot develop. Only the surviving capital that combines finance and industry will increase industrial profits, reduce costs and increase sales prices, start a new round of development, and enter the monopoly stage.

With the increase in profits and the development of financial capital, the threshold for other capital to enter the industry has increased greatly, and small producers have no chance at all. For example, the price of land has risen, the price of fixed assets such as nearby houses has risen, and the cost of circulation has increased, and the industry has become exclusive.

Typical stool is like house prices. From a capital point of view, how high is the right house price? In fact, it means that workers outside of capital have no savings after buying a house, and cannot accumulate wealth as a means of production. This is the reason why housing prices want to harvest social wealth, to clear the long-term profit of capital. The essence of the so-called reservoir, the so-called financial function, and the significance of pushing up housing prices is to harvest social wealth, so that social wealth no longer has the opportunity to accumulate into productive capital. Wealth without financial support loses the opportunity to be transformed into capital, and it is not possible to let money outside of capital, have a way to make money, and monopolize the newly created social wealth by financial capital. That is, to make the society generally poor outside of capital.