Standing under the big willow tree on the Sui Embankment, Du Zhongxiao looked at the endless stream of boats on the Bianhe River, and couldn't help but feel excited. If in the past he was just drifting with the tide of this era, now he will set up a sail and guide the fleet to the sea.

Remembering that Chen Qin listened to Wu Ada's explanation just now, from a look of surprise to a happy acceptance later, Du Zhongxiao wanted to laugh. Why did you choose Chen Qin to do this? Because of intuition. Now Du Zhongxiao knows that his intuition is not wrong, and this is a very suitable person.

The burden of regular taxes on the middle and lower classes is not heavy, and their burdens are concentrated in all kinds of repressions and miscellaneous contributions, which are strictly illegal. Everyone knows about it, and some people talk about it every year, but it can't be canceled. Du Zhongxiao served as the magistrate of Yongcheng, if he could solve the burden of heavy labor on the middle and upper class households, and then cancel the suppression of miscellaneous donations, it would be a great contribution, and it can be said that he was the best magistrate of this era.

Walking back to the county seat along the Sui Causeway, looking at the land under the sun, full of vitality, Du Zhongxiao also felt full of energy.

After returning to the county government and taking care of official business for a while, Du Zhongxiao returned to the back office and changed into civilian clothes. Asked the entourage to prepare a cup of tea, Du Zhongxiao went to the garden, ready to read a book for a while. The gap between the times still depends on continuous learning to eliminate it.

The flowers in the Sunshine XHY area are in full bloom, butterflies are dancing among the flowers, and the air is filled with the fragrance of flowers. At the foot of the rockery in the distance, Xiaoqing and Jingjing sat side by side, whispering something and laughing.

Maybe this is the life you should live, everything is calm and beautiful. It's really unnecessary to be a small county magistrate and get tired.

At this moment, Tao Qiqi took a booklet, hurried to the garden, and saluted Du Zhongxiao: "Official, the book you ordered someone to buy has been bought. It was not easy to buy this book, and it was brought back by a merchant in Nanjing. ”

Du Zhongxiao received it in his hand and saw that it was the "Leiyun Sutra" that he had ordered someone to collect a month ago, and let out a sigh of relief. In this era, it is so difficult to find this book, even if it is a famous agricultural book like "The Book of Lei", I can't find it in Yongcheng County. Written by the poet Tortoise Meng in the late Tang Dynasty, this book explains in detail the structure of the plough in that era.

Tortoise Meng is a very interesting person, he is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty, but he personally farmed and wrote many agricultural works, among which the most influential is this "The Book of Lei". The structure of the plough is described in detail, and all parts have their own names. After the advent of the "Book of Ox Ploughing", there were no major changes in the structure of the Chinese plough for the next 1,000 years, until the ox ploughing was replaced by machinery.

Du Zhongxiao had seen the plow in his previous life, and he saw him again in this era, and found that the shape was basically the same as in his previous life, so he moved the idea of standardization. When I asked, I learned that Tortoise Meng had written such a book, and in fact the plow had been standardized by him. It has been two or three hundred years since this book was written, and it has been printed by the imperial court many times and spread all over the world.

Flipping through it casually, Du Zhongxiao asked Tao Seventeen: "Since you bought the book, have you read it?" ”

Tao Qiqi scratched his head embarrassedly: "I have seen it, I can't read many words in it, and I specifically asked Mr. It's just that the plough in this book is still in the clouds, and I can't really think about it. ”

Du Zhongxiao said with a smile: "On paper, I finally feel shallow, and I never know that I have to do it." I don't understand it, so why don't you go to the field and see what kind of plow you are using now. Looking at the plough and comparing it with the book, you can see it clearly. ”

Tao Qiqi shook his head: "I went to the field to see, but I found several kinds of plows, all of which are a little different from what is said in the book, and I don't know who is right and who is wrong." ”

Although this book has been circulated for more than 200 years and has been promoted by the imperial court, it has not dominated the world. In many small places, old farming tools are still used, and the details of the ploughs in most places are almost different from those in the book. Even in the same place, different craftsmen make different ploughs. In particularly remote places, such as some areas of the Quang Nam Chuan Gorge, there are many "two oxen lifting bars" that are still used thousands of years ago.

Du Zhongxiao patted the book and said: "It is precisely because the various systems of the plough are too complicated that we have to refer to this book and formulate a unified system." With a unified system, it is not only convenient to make, but also convenient for farmers to repair and use. You can find a learned person and tell you in detail what the book is talking about, and make a plow according to what the book says. Then go to the field, find a few old farmers, compare all kinds of plows, which is both light and easy to use, and determine the shape. Seventeen, you have ingenuity, and you like to do these things, so you have to use your brain. ”

Tao Qiqi agreed, and took the book into his hand.

Du Zhongxiao said: "This book is so precious and difficult to buy, you should re-record a volume, and let the original book be put away in the yamen." This is a learning attitude, and for many days you have been reading the original book, which is not good. You need to read and write more books in order to learn quickly and remember them. ”

Tao Qiqi agreed, a little embarrassed, took the book and ran away.

Looking at Tao Qiqi's figure running away, Du Zhongxiao thought about his thoughts for a while. In my previous life, whether it was history or politics classes, I repeatedly said that the economic foundation determines the superstructure, and what kind of economic foundation there is, there is a superstructure that adapts to it. The long history of China has gone through many dynasties, each of which has the characteristics of each dynasty, and the same dynasty is constantly developing. Simply using the word ancient cannot sum up such a long historical time. So what is the economic basis of each dynasty?

Standing up and pacing for a while, Du Zhongxiao shook his head. The economic relations of feudal society cannot be summed up, there are many kinds of agriculture in feudal society, large manors and small yeoman farmers are feudal economy, and in the literal sense of feudal economy refers to large estates.

In this era, the large manor economy cannot be said to be absent, at least not mainstream. Since the Five Dynasties, Chinese society has been developing towards the dissolution of the feudal system of personal dependence, and after entering the Song Dynasty, it has steadily advanced. In the words of the previous life, it represents the brilliance of human nature and the liberation of the human body. In the previous life, there was a very popular TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty", in which the emperor's abolition of the untouchable system such as slaves and maids was highly praised, in fact, the liberation of the body in the Yongzheng era was not even comparable to the time of Song Taizong, let alone the era in which he lived.

In this era, the countryside was really dominated by small yeoman farmers, and the cities were dominated by small owners, which did not match all the typical production relations mentioned in textbooks, including ancient China in history books. According to the class analysis of the previous life, the rural areas were divided into landlords, rich peasants, middle peasants, poor peasants, and hired peasants, which roughly corresponded to the fifth-class households and customers of the imperial court at this time. At this time, however, it was not the means of production that distinguished the class components, but the family assets. The fifth-class households, or the proportions of each class in society, have accounts at all levels of the yamen, which are clearly placed there. In Yongcheng County, first- and second-class households can be counted as landlords, accounting for only more than 10%. Fifth-class households can be regarded as poor peasants, accounting for about 50 percent, and customers as hired farmers accounting for about 30 percent, which accounts for 80 percent together. The remaining third and fourth class households were rich peasants, accounting for only a very small percentage. An important reason for such a large proportion of landlords is that there are no large landlords.

The Song Dynasty did not suppress annexation, which led to a large number of landless hired peasants in the countryside, but the tax and errand labor system caused not many large landlords, but mainly small and medium-sized landlords. In the late feudal period, the rich peasants and middle peasants, represented by typical small yeoman peasants, did not account for a large proportion in this era. Du Zhongxiao pondered about this phenomenon for a long time, and finally came to a rough conclusion, that is, in the means of agricultural production, the proportion of land in this era was much smaller than that of the later Ming and Qing dynasties. In other words, land does not occupy an absolute advantage in the agricultural means of production in this era, and the more land there is, the more it is, the richer.

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