In the winter of the fourth year of Wanli, the first plenary council of the friars of the Viceroyalty of Peru was held in the church of Santo Domingo, in the center of the Plaza de Armas, in the city of Lima, on the banks of the Rimac River.

To convene this meeting, Father Acosta began preparations three months ago, bringing missionaries from all over the Americas to Lima, with Peru as the center.

Not every missionary buys Acosta's account, but Acosta, dressed in monk's robes, greets the monks from all over the world as he stands under the cloister at the entrance of the Plaza de Arcas church.

"It was much easier than I had imagined, and the people were not necessarily interested in the Indians, but they came."

Not only missionary monks from all over the world, but also nobles, captains and even Catholic mercenary monks in Lima at this time, people from the port walked shoulder to shoulder through the low houses and narrow streets, gathered at the entrance of the Cathedral of the Twin Towers, and worshipped the bones of Santa Rosa, the first saint of the Americas, in front of the exquisite altar.

It was the arrival of the Ming envoys that attracted more people from all over the city, most of whom were indifferent to what Father Acosta wanted to discuss, that is, whether the Indians could have human rights, property rights, and the right to live, and they came more for Acosta himself.

The Spanish pioneers of the Americas were well known to all of them, and Acosta, who had been a missionary in Peru for three years, had an extraordinary thirst for knowledge, and although he was extremely naïve to always think of giving the Indians a fair and equal human status, he knew more about the affairs of the Ming Kingdom than anyone else, and people came here to join his council more for this purpose - to discuss matters concerning the Ming Kingdom.

In fact, there is no word "Indian", because "Indian" and "Indian" are the same word, so in the 21st century, the word used in the United States is "Native American" to refer to "Indian", and the so-called "Indian" is just a transliteration of "Indian" in Chinese.

Because of Columbus's misconceptions, it has spread since he sailed westward with the Great Khan of the King of Spain to China, named the Latin American islands the West Indies, and called the natives 'Indians'.

When the faithful dressed in various costumes entered the church from the stone pavement of seven vertical and thirteen horizontal streets and took their seats one by one, Father Acosta followed him up to the altar, reverently recited a few verses as an opening line, glanced at the faces of the faithful in the audience, lifted his hood and said: "Thank you for coming here to worship, I am sure you all know that the stronghold on the western coast of Mexico has been swept away by the Indians of the north some time ago. ”

"They plundered churches, burned ports, and killed all the soldiers in the stronghold."

"The French who landed in the east were also defeated by the brown natives called the Iroquois."

The French landed in the Americas only a little later than the Spaniards, and their first explorer, Verasano, was defeated and eaten in the Caribbean fifty years earlier.

Their luck was more than a little worse than that of the Spaniards, and after fifty years they still failed to establish any permanent foothold on the eastern coast of North America, and were often swept away by the natives within a few years.

This was not because the French colonies were too weak, but also because the Spaniards suffered the same in North America, and the Spanish strongholds in Mexico were often wiped out over the decades, and the natives of North America were much more effective than their South American counterparts.

"It is clear to everyone that in the last few decades we have found that there are many different races of human beings, and that there are huge differences in the number of people, their development, their technological skills, their languages, their customs, their organizational composition and their beliefs."

"Therefore we must admit that the barbarians have long since transcended barbarism."

The Spaniards in the church lined up with haughty boos, and even in the solemn church, these plantation owners, mercenary chiefs, were not so religious, and the people who had grown up under the deep-rooted policy of racial superiority laughed loudly: "Then they are barbarians too!" ”

"Yes, they are barbarians, and barbarians will win for a while, but not all the time."

Even Acosta is not exempt from this sentiment, he laughs twice in agreement, and then says: "In the face of such a diversity of people, who are completely different in terms of the level and nature of their culture, we can neither classify them, nor can we understand and communicate with them in the same way; Therefore, in order to approach them, to deal with them, to reason with them, and to convert them to Catholicism, the different methods of spiritual guidance for Christians should be elaborated and selected. ”

Missionary work is a miraculous means of turning the enemy into us in peace, and it can help them rule, and the economic, military, and cultural can never be seen separately, and the Europeans of this era know this very well.

"After a long and careful study, I have found that these barbarians, however many different parishes and races, may be divided into three classes, as follows, and that there is a great difference between them, but that in fact all Indians are subject to this division."

"The first hierarchy is made up of people who have not yet moved away from the true reason and practice of humanity. They first had a stable kingdom ruled by a government, with laws enacted by the state, strong cities, prestige administrators, prosperous and well-organized trade, and, above all, the frequent use of writing. For unless these people are literate and knowledgeable, or above all politically organized, it is impossible to find a written heritage or a book in them. ”

"It seems that the Ming people should be the first to be put into this class, because I have seen their writing, which is very similar to that of the Syrians; They are credited with creating a high degree of culture because of their abundance of books, outstanding schools, the prestige of the law and officials, and the opulence of the state's historic buildings. This is followed by the Japanese......"

These people, though in fact barbaric and uncivilized, and in many ways different from actual reason and natural law, must be saved by the gospel in the same way that the early Greco-Romans were called by the twelve apostles of Jesus. Because of their remarkable abilities and human intelligence, we must win them over and convert them to Catholicism through their self-reflection with God's help. ”

"If we insist on converting them to Christ by force and force, we will only turn them away from the Christian code of conduct altogether."

"The perception of war with the Ming state is extremely absurd, and I do not think that the war against China is legitimate or just." And then he said: "There is so much government and so many people, and there is industry and wealth, and the strength of countless people, and the fortified cities, and so on, that a war is bound to cause the most serious destruction and to the terrible slander and slander of the Christians." ”

When there was a lot of discussion in the audience, he said loudly: "Now judging by the incident itself, I cannot accept the legitimacy of this war, nor can I be responsible for anything caused by the countless losses caused by this war!" The war problems of the Ming Kingdom and Japan were different, and they were highly different from the American Wars! ”