China-Singapore Xinjiang Network, Oct. 21 -- In northern Xinjiang, can winter wheat be harvested while replanting crops? The answer for most people is no. This kind of no-tillage and replanting technology that can be replanted without freeing land, plowing and harrowing the land has been successfully tested in the XPCC.

"This piece of silage corn adopts the no-tillage replanting technology after drip irrigation wheat and wheat, which can achieve two crops in one year, increase the efficiency of the regiment farm and increase the income of employees, and promote the adjustment of the planting structure of the Corps." On September 23, in the fifth company of the 124th Regiment of the Seventh Agricultural Division, looking at thousands of acres of replanted silage corn, Dr. Wei Jianjun, director of the Crop Research Institute of the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, told reporters excitedly. On the same day, the Science and Technology Bureau of the XPCC organized experts to measure the yield of no-tillage and re-sown silage corn planted by this company. The yield test results showed that the average number of plants per mu was 7542, the average fresh weight of silage corn per mu was 4.98 tons, and the highest yield per mu was 5.64 tons.

On October 16, Yang Wei, an employee of the No. 5 Company of the 124th Regiment who had just harvested 226 tons of silage corn, was particularly happy, because he planted 55 acres of no-tillage and replanted silage corn this year, and he could earn more than 20,000 yuan. According to the calculation of Zhang Kanglin, chief of the production section of the regiment, this year the regiment planted more than 3,700 mu of no-tillage and re-sowing silage corn, with an average yield of 4.1 tons per mu and a maximum yield of 4.9 tons per mu. The cost per mu is about 150 yuan less than that of conventional reseeding, and this alone saves more than 600,000 yuan in cost and efficiency of the group.

Due to the constraints of light and heat, water resources, crop varieties and quality, agriculture in northern Xinjiang has been a crop once a year for many years.

At the beginning of 2008, experts from the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences organized and implemented the Science and Technology Support Xinjiang Project "Research and Demonstration of 'Two Crops in One Year' High-yield and High-efficiency Farming Model and Key Technologies in Northern Xinjiang". This year, centering on the agricultural restructuring goal of "reducing cotton, increasing grain, increasing livestock, and increasing fruits" put forward by the XPCC Party Committee, the project team has intensified its research efforts and selected six sites in northern Xinjiang for research and demonstration.

According to reports, around the cost and growth period of restricting the development of reseeding technology, experts put forward the concept of conservation tillage, that is, after the harvest of the previous stubble drip irrigation wheat, the land is not prepared and the land is directly replanted, so that the sowing date can be advanced by 7 to 9 days, prolonging the growth period of the crop, and the drip irrigation belt of the previous stubble can be used for the second time, reducing the production cost.

In the past two years, after research and demonstration on more than 20,000 acres of land, experts from Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences have successfully mastered the core of the "two crops a year" farming model - the no-tillage re-sowing technology after drip irrigation wheat wheat in northern Xinjiang, and successfully explored the cultivation mode of no-tillage and re-sowing silage corn after drip irrigation wheat stubble. At the same time, experts have also cultivated special silage corn varieties such as Xinyu 15 and Zaoqing 129.

According to Liu Jingde, deputy director of the XPCC's Agriculture Bureau, the project of "Research and Demonstration of 'Two Crops in One Year' High-yield and Efficient Farming Model and Key Technologies in Northern Xinjiang" has realized the no-tillage precision re-sowing of silage corn on the basis of drip irrigation wheat straw crushing and returning to the field and maintaining the original drip irrigation belt in the field, which has solved the main problems affecting the "two crops in one year" in northern Xinjiang, such as late sowing date and difficult seedling emergence. (ENDS)

The wave of urbanization and the migration of peasants to the cities to work have brought about a great shift in rural labor, so who will fill the rural labor vacuum? How to promote modern advanced agricultural technology? Can rural land be managed on a large scale? A few days ago, the reporter came to Dongming, which was the first in our province to implement the "big package" to find the answer.

Last year, the wheat yield reached 98.4 percent, and the corn no-tillage sowing area reached 250,000 mu, accounting for 167 percent of the planned tasks. 391,000 mu of corn straw was returned to the field, and the straw returning rate reached 97.7%. The application of new agricultural technologies has also enabled farmers to save 30 percent of the amount of chemical fertilizer and 2.5 to 5 kilograms of seeds per mu of farming; the return of straw to the field has conserved moisture and water saving, and the yield of wheat and corn has increased by about 50 kilograms per mu compared with before, which has greatly stimulated the enthusiasm of farmers in using agricultural machinery.

"At this stage, land is still an indispensable means of production for farmers. Through the agricultural machinery cooperative organization, hundreds of acres of cultivated land scattered in various households are 'integrated', everyone grows the same crop, and the farmers pay a certain fee, and the right to income remains unchanged, which realizes relatively intensive management. County magistrate Wang Weidong said.

Conservation tillage (no-tillage sowing) technology is one of the key promotions of the Ministry of Agriculture during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, which can enhance the water-holding capacity of the soil and improve the utilization rate of precipitation. Because conservation tillage covers crop straw and stubble on the ground, the mulch reduces water evaporation, slows down the flow of surface water, and stores water.

Conservation tillage can increase soil organic content, improve fertility, and increase organisms such as earthworms. It is predicted that the number of earthworms in the soil of conservation tillage for more than two years has increased by three times, which can reduce soil wind erosion (flow) and water erosion (flow), effectively reduce environmental pollution, reduce production costs and increase yield.

The implementation of conservation tillage mechanization technology can reduce the number of mechanization by an average of 3-4 times, reduce the production cost by 20%-25%, increase the yield by 10%-15%, the operation is simple, the time is short, the fertilization and sowing are completed at one time, the number of machine tools into the ground is reduced, the input cost of agricultural machinery is low, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer is high. The technical route of conservation tillage (no-tillage sowing) technology is mainly used for grain production: wheat harvest - chemical weeding - stubble covering the ground - no-tillage fertilizer applicator sowing corn - artificial seedling setting and weeding - corn harvest - no-tillage fertilizer applicator sowing wheat, straw root stubble and winter wheat wheat covering farmland for wintering.

1. No-tillage sowing corn mode:

Row spacing*Plant spacing is 50cm*20cm or 45cm*20cm or 40cm*20cm.

2. Precautions in conservation tillage

1. All conservation tillage plots are not allowed to plow or eliminate stubble (including manual stubble removal and mechanical stubble extermination), otherwise the number of earthworms will be reduced and the purpose of conservation tillage will not be achieved.

2. Tigers on conservation tillage plots may cause serious damage to crops, so pesticides must be mixed when corn is sown. After the emergence of seedlings, water in time to achieve the purpose of controlling ground tigers.

The management techniques of no-till maize sowing in conservation tillage projects are as follows:

1. Sow seeds at the right time

Determine the suitable sowing date for reseeding maize, so as to meet the light and heat indicators, and ensure that the light and heat precipitation required for each growth stage is consistent with the local nature. The sooner the replanting corn is sown, the better, preferably no later than June 20, and the harvest date is preferably on September 20, with a full life date of about 95 to 110.

2. Improve the quality of sowing and cultivate strong seedlings

Improving the quality of sowing is the key to achieving healthy individuals, rational development of the masses, ensuring all fertility indicators, and then achieving the planned yield. Specific measures for cultivating strong seedlings are strict

In addition to screening improved seeds and carrying out pesticide treatment to prevent underground pests, it is also necessary to pay specific attention to sufficient moisture and uniform moisture sowing, and the moisture requirements of sowing require to maintain about 70% of the soil water holding capacity. When the moisture is insufficient, it is necessary to irrigate water before sowing to create moisture, or water the head after sowing, and strive to be uniform and consistent in moisture. The sowing depth is generally 3-5cm, and the depth is required to be consistent. Special attention should be paid to the problem of lack of seedlings and broken ridges in no-tillage sowing before wheat, and the sowing amount must be increased, which is about 10% larger than the actual sowing amount. The focus of field management after emergence is to leave weak seedlings in a timely manner, and the seedlings are dense, or the seedlings are differentiated. Promote the measures of three-leaf seedlings and five-leaf seedlings. At the same time, combined with seedling replanting and interspersed seedlings, timely cultivation and weeding were carried out to create conditions for root growth, strengthen the physiological activity of the root system, and promote the growth of the root system. If necessary, apply seedling fertilizer in time.

3. Manage according to the leaf age index, scientific/management fertilizer and water

Corn jointing management, mainly to take the leaf age index, according to different proportions of watering, on the basis of the application of sufficient base fertilizer, take the front light and heavy topdressing method, namely: the first topdressing in the leaf age index of 35-40, the total amount of top dressing about 40%, the second time in the leaf age index of 60%, about 60% of the total amount of top dressing, when the soil moisture is insufficient, can be combined with watering and booting water topdressing, which is very beneficial to increase the number of spikes, improve the rate of double spikes and form large spikes.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

In addition to the application of disease-resistant varieties, it is also necessary to actively adopt pesticides and biocontrol technologies for comprehensive control of pests and diseases. The control of underground pests is mainly concentrated before sowing, and soil pesticide treatment and pesticide seed dressing can be adopted; For the prevention and control of field diseases and insect pests, such as aphids, armyworms, thrips, etc., we should do a good job in predicting and forecasting and timely pesticide control. By July and August, the main control objects are corn borer, red spider, cotton bollworm, large and small spot disease and bacterial wilt. Pests should take care to exterminate the first generation of larvae. Corn borer usually uses methods such as sprinkling drug granules at the bell stage and smearing the pesticide mud at the silking stage. For large and small spot diseases and bacterial wilt of maize, disease-resistant varieties and improvement of field microclimate are mainly used to reduce disease and yield loss.

While doing a good job in the above-mentioned measures, we should also do a good job in manual assisted pollination and cutting out the harvesting indicators of male panicles and timely harvesting and other technical measures.

In short, as long as the above technical measures for promoting and controlling are flexibly mastered and applied according to local conditions, various indicators can develop in a predetermined direction according to people's requirements, and achieve the goals of high yield, stable production, low consumption and high efficiency.

As an advanced farming method, conservation tillage is advocated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and has been popularized in more than 70 countries around the world. The implementation of conservation tillage has a variety of effects such as protecting farmland, reducing dust, storing water and moisture, resisting drought and saving water, fertilizing the soil, increasing soil organic matter, promoting the use of straw returning to the field, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing yields, reducing costs, and increasing income. It is of great significance to promote the reform of China's farming system, improve the quality of cultivated land, reduce and resist disasters, improve the comprehensive production capacity of grain, build conservation-oriented agriculture and environment-friendly agriculture, green agriculture and ecological agriculture, and promote agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.

Our country is one of the major arid countries. The area of arid, semi-arid and semi-humid arid areas accounts for 52.5% of the country's land area, covering 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions north of the Kunlun Mountains, Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River, and only the area of rain-fed agriculture has reached more than 50%. At the same time, most of the dry farming areas in China have been following the traditional method of ploughing the soil and bare fallow tillage with mouldboard ploughs. Due to the implementation of ploughing and fine harrowing, the soil structure is damaged, the water and fertilizer content of the soil is reduced, and the bare cultivated topsoil also aggravates the ravages of sandstorms, soil erosion, drought intensifies, and wind erosion and desertification are serious. In recent years, especially since the beginning of 2009, a winter drought has ravaged the north with a wide range, a long duration and a large area affected by drought. In 2010, five provinces in southwest China, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Chongqing, experienced a once-in-a-century drought.

The main reason for this is that due to global warming, the Pacific El Niño phenomenon has intensified, which has damaged the structure of the atmosphere, causing the marine monsoon to fail to land and form rainfall. However, we cannot fail to see that there are many human factors: indiscriminate logging, deforestation and land cultivation, soil erosion, expansion of urbanization, insufficient construction of water conservancy facilities in rural areas, and reduction of water sources. In the future, we should continue to carry out afforestation, actively build water conservancy facilities, and vigorously promote the implementation of water-saving measures and scientific cultivation techniques for cultivation and conservation. After nearly 9 years of continuous experimental research in Shanxi Province, the research team of China Agricultural University has preliminarily developed a set of conservation tillage technology system suitable for China's national conditions. The results showed that compared with traditional tillage technology, mechanized conservation tillage technology could reduce surface runoff by about 60%, soil loss by 80%, and wind and sand by 60%. At the same time, it can increase soil water storage during the fallow period, improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, reduce operation procedures, increase crop yield, and ensure China's food security.

Since the 60s of the 20th century, China has carried out individual technical experimental research and agronomic experimental research on conservation tillage. In the early 60s, Heilongjiang State Farm carried out experimental research on no-tillage planting of wheat, and Jiangsu carried out research on no-tillage sowing of wheat in rice stubble land; At the end of the 70s, Southwest Agricultural University studied the natural no-tillage method of paddy fields; In the early 80s, with the improvement of people's understanding of the importance of dryland agriculture, Heilongjiang Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Agricultural University, Shaanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc., have carried out experimental research on subsoiling tillage, mulching or reducing tillage as the content, and achieved significant drought resistance and yield increase effects. China has carried out systematic tests and machine development of conservation tillage since the 70th century of the 20th century, and after more than 10 years of efforts, it has achieved initial success, and has been demonstrated and promoted in more than 10 provinces, municipalities and districts such as Heilongjiang, Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning. With the help of domestic and foreign development experience, conservation tillage agronomic system and straw and surface treatment, implementation of no-tillage fertilization sowing, subsoiling, weed control and other key operating technologies in different regions; no-tillage seeders, subsoilers, light pineers and other supporting machinery; Conservation tillage has been tested for ecological, yield and soil effects, resulting in significant economic benefits. In recent years, Heilongjiang Province's agriculture has suffered from drought and flood, with an average annual area of about 75 million mu from 2001 to 2006. However, in this unfavorable situation, the province's agriculture did not slip and achieved six consecutive years of bumper harvests. One of the important reasons is that Heilongjiang Province has carried out systematic tests and machine research and development of conservation tillage since the 80s of the 20th century, and has fully implemented the conservation tillage method since 2003. That is, on the same cultivated land within three years, the autumn land preparation operation is carried out according to the process of subsoiling, no-tillage (no-autumn land preparation) and shallow tillage. In 2007, Heilongjiang Province encountered a rare summer drought in history, and the affected area reached 90 million mu, of which the most severely affected 9 million mu was almost out of production, but the plots that have undergone subsoiling and land preparation have shown good disaster resistance characteristics. No-tillage, less tillage, subsoiling and land preparation can be described as a "black revolution" compared with the traditional farming system. According to the test, the plot with a loosening depth of more than 30 centimeters and breaking the bottom layer of the plough can increase the water storage capacity by more than 70 tons per mu, which can significantly alleviate the drought. In the event of a flood disaster, subsoiling can make rainwater quickly infiltrate into the ground and play a role in removing waterlogging.

Party and state leaders attach great importance to conservation tillage technology and its popularization and application. Premier Wen has made special instructions on this matter; In 2005 and 2006, the No. 1 document of the Central Committee proposed to develop conservation tillage, and the Third Plenary Session of the 17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China adopted the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning the Promotion of Rural Reform and Development", which proposed that it is necessary to "encourage farmers to carry out soil improvement, popularize soil testing and formula fertilization and conservation tillage, improve the quality of cultivated land, and greatly increase the proportion of high-yield and stable-yield farmland". The Ministry of Agriculture has listed the promotion of this technology as one of the 15 practical things done by farmers, and has taken it as an important part of the "Nine Major Actions" to promote the construction of a new socialist countryside.

Main practices: (1) Corn straw returning to the field: promote corn mechanical harvesting (or manual moving of sticks), mechanical straw returning →→ wheat no-tillage fertilization sowing → surface cover. Straw is applied to the soil as organic fertilizer, which improves soil fertility and reduces the amount of chemical fertilizer, which plays a leading role in the demonstration of ecological agriculture.

(2) Corn straw silage and micro-storage: promote the technical mode of corn straw harvesting→ straw kneading/rubbing (guillotine) processing→ drying (according to moisture content→), adding additives→ mechanical baling→ manual wrapping→ stacking and fermentation of → commercial grass. Technical specifications are formulated from material selection, silk kneading, addition of fungal agents and strains, bundling and packaging, and storage, and operate in strict accordance with the specifications.

(3) Conservation tillage technology mode: wheat machine harvesting and stubble retention→ straw treatment→ corn no-tillage hard stubble sowing→ field management (weed chemical control). Through the use of straw mulching, soil subsoiling, chemical disease control and weeding, no-tillage sowing and other technologies, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw has been improved. Through the above projects to drive the implementation of the straw comprehensive utilization project, the intensity of farmers has been greatly reduced, the problem of regional surplus and seasonal shortage of straw has been completely changed, the lazy farming method of "planting land without plowing, planting autumn without hoeing, full of firewood and grass" has been widely recognized, and at the same time greatly promoted the comprehensive utilization of straw, the comprehensive utilization of straw has not only improved the enthusiasm of farmers to apply new agricultural machinery technology and scientific farming, and achieved the full use of resources, but also eliminated the phenomenon of straw burning in the field and family yards. It has effectively improved the ecological environment and played a good economic role.

Conservation tillage is the exact opposite of traditional tillage. The straw is returned to the field and covered by mechanical means, without ploughing, directly sown, and subsoiled once every 3 years, so as to facilitate soil water storage and reduce transpiration. Agricultural experts believe that this model is the most effective way for the north to overcome drought constraints and develop circular agriculture. This year, in the face of a rare drought, conservation tillage has become a major advantage. On February 28 this year, the front page of Shaanxi Daily carried a special report on "750,000 mu of wheat in Weibei will not be dry in the year of great drought". The reporter saw that the wheat fields under conservation tillage in Weibei were positive in color, strong seedlings, and vigorous tillering, and there was no sign of drought at all. Judging from the scale and time of the province in recent years, conservation tillage has reduced the number of ploughing and land preparation at least twice a year, saving more than 20 yuan per mu of peasant households. According to Director Zhang, director of the Heyang County Agricultural Machinery Bureau, like this year's drought, compared with the traditional field, the income will increase by at least 80 kilograms, and there is no problem with conservation tillage to save 65 yuan per mu and increase efficiency.

The "corn stalk and ear combine harvester" developed has been declared a patent project, and has been transferred for industrial production, filling the domestic gap; The development of the "straw crushing and mulching subsoiler" was sold out at the provincial mechanical subsoiling site and conservation tillage technology training meeting held in July last year.

Recently, the Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau has begun to comprehensively summarize the results of overseas training in recent years, and make PPT for extensive publicity, and promote the widespread promotion and application of conservation tillage technology in the province.

As the saying goes: to cultivate the land, you must first cultivate the land. This traditional farming method, which has been passed down for thousands of years, was broken by the 150th regiment in 2008. The regiment broke through this inertial thinking, with new agricultural technology, and tried the "no-tillage method" to resow 5,400 mu of silage corn in the wheat stubble field after harvesting, with an average yield of more than 4 tons and an increase of nearly 1,000 yuan per mu, achieving the goal of harvesting two stubbles a year.

Wang Duo, a worker of Liangfan 4th Company, planted 100 acres of spring wheat last year. After the wheat harvest on July 6 last year, in order to seize the agricultural time, the regimental agricultural technology extension center and the company did not arrange to plow the land, but only carried out rotary tillage on her family's wheat stubble, and installed dry teeth in the sowing place in front of the seeder, which cut the wheat stalks and weeds on the surface, and then the corn seeds were sown into the soil by the planter. After the live broadcast is completed, the drip irrigation capillary used in the wheat field is laid immediately for drip water seedling, which saves about 12 days of time compared with the traditional planting mode of ploughing, leveling the land and then sowing. On October 6 last year, her family's replanted silage corn began to be harvested, with yields of 5.4 tonnes and spring wheat yields of 410 kilograms, both of which far exceeded the income of a cotton season.

According to traditional farming methods, the seeds must be ploughed and leveled before they are planted. The no-tillage method is adopted, the land is not turned over, and the modified seeder (a small plow is installed before the seeder), the small plowshare pushes away the surface straw and weeds, and the depth is just in contact with the soil, and then the seeds are sprinkled in the topsoil layer. Because the topsoil layer has been covered by crops for a long time, it is generally moist, and the microorganisms are abundant, after the seeds are sown, the water-saving drip irrigation technology can be used to germinate quickly and take root easily. Moreover, after the seeds germinate, the straw and weeds on the surface become the protective layer for caring for the seedlings.

The 150th Regiment is located on the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut Desert in the Junggar Basin, due to the influence of the continental arid climate and season, only one crop can be planted and harvested a year, and the traditional farming method restricts the land yield rate and the income of workers. The regiment broke through the inertial thinking that "farming must first cultivate the land" and boldly tried to "plant without farming", but it reflected the many benefits of reducing costs, increasing production, and protecting the environment.

Yields may decrease slightly in the first year or two on farmland where no-till is implemented, but as the organic cover formed by the surface straw residue accumulates thicker, the soil quality will get better and the crop yield will increase year by year. The reason is that crop straw mulching not only provides fertility, but also helps to protect soil and retain moisture. Once the soil has been ploughed, the most fertile topsoil is exposed to sunlight and quickly weathered, followed by rain or blown away. No-till protects this fertile soil, and the remaining straw continues to decay, providing fertility to the soil.

In addition, due to the use of straw returning to the field, with a certain amount of herbicides, high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides to control weeds and pests and diseases, the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide input is reduced, and the soil and environment are protected.

What's more, no-till brings soil microorganisms to a balanced level, and these microorganisms take on the task of "farming". When harvesting crops, the straw is returned to the field, forming a protective layer on the soil, maintaining soil moisture and reducing artificial irrigation, which not only reduces the number of mechanical tillage and energy consumption, but also reduces the consumption of water resources. The implementation of no-tillage eliminates the production link of ploughing, saving time, labor and energy.

Qinghai Province is located in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai Province's agriculture is mainly concentrated in the Hehuang Valley and Qaidam Shrub Area in the eastern agricultural region, the province's cultivated land area is more than 8.8 million mu, and 6.18 million mu of dry land in the cultivated land, accounting for 7 l% of the cultivated land area, which determines the basic characteristics of dry farming and water-saving agriculture in Qinghai Province.

In 2003, Qinghai Province clarified the goals and measures for the development of conservation tillage, and successively undertook national-level conservation tillage projects in Huzhu, Huangzhong, Xinghai and other counties, and undertook provincial-level projects in Gangcha and Gonghe counties, as well as county-level projects in Tongren, Minhe and other counties. After several years of efforts, conservation tillage has achieved remarkable results in protecting the ecology, maintaining cultivated land, and saving costs and increasing efficiency.

Qaidam Shrub District

Ladies and gentlemen, I am now next to the farmland of Lei Wanfu, a villager in Xishangen Village, Nanmenxia Town, Mutual Aid Tu Autonomous County. After the autumn harvest in previous years, the first thing Lei Wanfu did on the cultivated land was to use a plow to turn the stubble and weeds on the surface of the cultivated land into the ground, and wait for the next spring to be sown by raking and pressing the surface to loosen, finely crush and level the ground. However, now that the autumn harvest has passed two or three months, Lei Wanfu has not only not turned the ground after harvesting the wheat in the field, but even the straw that had been harvested in the past has been left in the field. What does it mean for farmers who are accustomed to taking straw away to feed their livestock or burning it? In Lei Wanfu's words, this kind of lazy farming method that does not require deep ploughing and meticulous ploughing not only saves time, labor, and money, but also increases crop yields and peasants' incomes.

"Reporter: When did your family start using no-till seeding technology?

Lei Wanfu: It's probably three or four years.

Reporter: What is the difference between it and traditional farming techniques?

Lei Wanfu: It's one less plough. Our traditional planting is to plow the land after harvesting, and sow it after leveling in the second year, no-tillage sowing does not need to plow, direct sowing, and the diesel fuel used by the tractor when plowing saves and saves effort.

Qaidam Shrub District

Reporter: Is it one less plough, saving time and labor?

Lei Wanfu: Oil is also saved, one acre of land can't be seen, five or six acres is more.

Reporter: The oil saved by the tractor ploughing the land is equivalent to the reduction of the cost of farming. How many acres of land do you have in your family that uses no-till sowing technology?

Lei Wanfu: Five acres.

Reporter: What crops do you grow?

Lei Wanfu: Wheat, rape.

Reporter: Has there been any change in the yield of crops?

Lei Wanfu: Higher.

Reporter: How much higher?

Lei Wanfu: Half a bag. ”

River Valley

In fact, many farmers were initially opposed to conservation tillage. Conservation tillage, also known as no-tillage sowing, is mainly aimed at the current excessive tillage operation in the agricultural production process, the soil surface is exposed for a long time during the fallow period, resulting in serious soil wind erosion and water erosion, and the current situation of deteriorating ecological environment and the cultivation reform measures taken. Liu Yinglu, director of the village committee of Xishangen Village, Nanmenxia Town, Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, told reporters: "Because conservation tillage is completely different from traditional intensive farming: only ears of wheat are harvested, and only rapeseed is harvested for rapeseed, and all wheat and rape stalks are left in the ground and left to rot; In the spring of the second year, the ground was not turned over, and the soil was loosened and planted. The old men who have grown crops all their lives think this is nonsense. ”

Reporter: No-tillage sowing technology is indeed very different from traditional tillage technology, at the beginning of the villagers can accept this tillage technology?

Liu Yinglu: If you can't accept it, the old people in the village won't agree, they say that we have never seen you young people farming like this.

Reporter: Why didn't they say yes?

Liu Yinglu: They think that this kind of farming is not very productive.

Reporter: In the end, how did everyone accept this?

Liu Yinglu: After a few years of wait-and-see, I saw that this kind of cultivation does not need to plow, saves money and effort, and can also increase yield, and one acre of land can increase the yield by more than 40 catties. ”

For farmers to truly embrace this new way of farming, we need to speak with facts. Dou Quanxing, an engineer at the Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station of Huzhu County, Qinghai Province, said: "Because crop straw and stubble cover the surface, rainwater surface runoff and water evaporation are reduced. In addition, straw decay forms a large amount of organic matter, which is very beneficial to the growth of crops." In Dou Quanxing's view, conservation tillage eliminates the traditional farming methods in the plow, harrowing, grinding, pressing and other processes, at least per mu to save planting costs of 40 yuan, plus the average yield of crops per mu increased by 20 kg, the use of conservation tillage per mu of average cost saving and income increase per mu can reach more than 100 yuan. In addition, conservation tillage is beneficial to reduce plant height, promote the steady growth of stalks, and improve the lodging resistance of wheat.

"Compared with the traditional way of cultivating agriculture and sowing this technology, the main feature of conservation tillage is to cancel the traditional plough ploughing process, and leave the straw on the surface during the land fallow period and not bury it in the soil, so that it has great benefits for ecological and soil and water conservation, soil moisture conservation, and the seedlings emerge quickly after spring sowing, and the seedlings emerge together, and the maturity period tends to be consistent, which has the effect of increasing production and income."