After listening to Du Zhongxiao's words, Wang Anshi didn't say anything for a long time. After drinking two glasses of wine, he said: "I originally thought that the advantage of building a field was to average the land, so that the people who really cultivated the land had land, not in the hands of Haoqiang. But listening to what Zhi Xiao said, this matter is simply impossible. ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "There are not many ways to do that, but to collect the land from the hands of the people and give it all to the government." In order to do this, it must be accompanied by another one, which cannot be cultivated by small households, but by the government to organize the yamen, unify the planting, the unified harvest, and finally distribute it uniformly and equally. As long as one is missing, the average field cannot be done. Naturally, there was no grain tax, and the government collected grain from the people to the government to distribute grain to the people. ”

Wang Anshi shook his head: "How can this be?" As long as the land is distributed to the people who cultivate the land, the cultivators have their own land, how can they not do it? ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "Juntian, in the past three generations, how many dynasties have done this in thousands of years, and which one has done it?" Don't say that it is only to divide the land, and it is not possible to divide the land without unified planting, unified harvesting, and unified distribution. It is said that the manpower is different, each household is different, is it divided according to the person or according to the household? ”

Wang Anshi said: "What is the difference between natural distribution by household and timely separation of property and distribution according to people? ”

"Okay, by household. The population of each household is different, and the farming tools and cattle are different, is it based on how many points each household can plant, or is it an average score? ”

Wang Anshi said: "Natural average score." Those with poor family backgrounds, less manpower, and more hard work will not let the land be wasted. ”

Du Zhongxiao shook his head: "Not to mention the population growth you just mentioned, fathers give birth to sons, children give birth to grandchildren, sons have to marry women, and women have to marry, these population changes are based on the same population." The land is divided, and the court only collects grain in the back, and the rest doesn't care, right or not? In the world of life, there are all kinds of things. Some people are thrifty, some are lazy, some eat more, some eat less, some people can't save a penny with a lot of money, and some people are stingy and reluctant to spend more. Each household divides the land equally, and in a few years, there will be a difference between the rich and the poor. People who don't want to farm and don't have much money in their hands, they will always try to give their fields to those who have spare energy. This cannot be stopped, and it is not allowed for the people to buy and sell land. If you don't buy or sell, you can also rent, and after renting for a long time, you can have a field of skin and bones, which is like buying and selling. This is still a normal year, if it is said that it is normal, it becomes even faster, and it is almost too late for the government to know what to say. In a good year, each plot is always different, some people usually have much more, and some people only have a little more than usual, and the difference comes out again. Not to mention disaster years, some people have no harvest, and some people are not affected. If someone is sick, someone dies young, someone is healthy and can still work at the age of tens, such as children marrying, all kinds of impermanence in the world, the gap between the rich and the poor will be faster. This is beyond the reach of manpower, and there is still that kind of eating, drinking, prostitution, gambling, being a traitor, and dividing the land equally for a few years? You can't divide it evenly every year, right? The land cannot be planted. ”

Wang Anshi thought about it and said, "Then at a certain age, why is it difficult to collect the land and divide it equally?" ”

"It's a big problem. All in all, this can't stop the rich from getting richer and the poor from getting poorer. Every few years, there will be officials and local forces who will work on it, and they will go to the opposite side of their minds more quickly. Therefore, Juntian will prohibit the sale of land, which is the only way. But the prohibition of buying and selling can't stop the skin and bones, and Piri Yangqiu, will eventually collapse. ”

The method that Wang Anshi thought of, Du Zhongxiao had seen it in his previous life, what was so strange? It is only a temporary measure and does not solve the fundamental problem. As long as private ownership is allowed, even if it is partially private, it is an ideal for the cultivator to have his own land, and it cannot be realized. Those who want to farm have no land, and those who have land do not want to farm, and this has been the case since ancient times. Those who want to farm and have land are only part of it.

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao sighed: "Jiefu, manpower is sometimes poor, and it must be admitted that people can't fight with the sky." We must do what we can't do, harming others and ourselves, harming the country and the people. It's about finding a way out of the hard, that's what we're going to do. ”

Han Jiang is not as persistent as Wang Anshi, he has a lot of contact with Du Zhongxiao, and he is here to pick up his position, which is relatively easy. asked Du Zhongxiao: "As Beixiao said, this can't be done, and it can't be done over there, so how can it be done?" I'm here to pick up the road to promote Changping, it's easy to do things, everything has regulations and regulations, do more and take a look at it. Why I did this, I don't want to know, I'm afraid I won't be able to do it well. ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "I have also thought about it for a long time, and I have thought about it for a long time, but I can only start from the very basics. Regardless of the court or the people, there are two things in life, one is to make money, and the other is to spend money. It is relatively easy for the imperial court, and it is nothing more than two methods, one is to live within one's means, and the other is to live within one's means. The two look similar, but in fact they are far apart. Living within one's means that it is relatively relaxed, and there is a lot of room for reduction in output. If you receive less, you will spend less, and there will be no big mess in the world. If you receive more, you will spend more, which is counted as a blessing from heaven. It is different to live within the limits of income, which shows that the burden of expenditure is very heavy, and there is a basic figure to ensure stability. Anything less than that is not possible, and once the expenditure is reduced, it will be a mess. What to do at this time? Raise taxes, borrow money, and eat food. There is also an inner treasury in this dynasty, and the three divisions can borrow money from the saint from time to time, and they will not pay it back after a long time. It is related to the overall situation of the world, and the saint has to borrow it if he does not borrow. What if you don't have that much money? I had to raise taxes, miscellaneous donations, distribution, and pre-purchase, and the two of them knew a lot about it, so I didn't say much. ”

Han Jiang said: "In the past two years, I have made a lot of money for the imperial court on Jingxi Road, but I don't know how much I have relaxed." In the past few years, so many roads have been built, and there is no need to raise taxes, no loans, and the money that was borrowed from the inner treasury has been repaid. ”

Du Zhongxiao waved his hand: "Ma Wuye grass is not fat, this is a sudden extra money, and the three divisions are naturally loose to use." After a few years, everyone is used to it, and it is not back to the way it used to be? As long as the amount is within the means, the relaxation is temporary, and the lack of money in the imperial court is the norm. ”

Wang Anshi said: "There are people under the rule of the imperial court, and there are farmers and industrialists, and there is always a way to think of it. What about the people? ”

Du Zhongxiao said: "It's all the same truth, the most important thing is that there is no surplus, whether there is savings, and how to deal with savings." For the imperial court, the camp and field affairs just mentioned are actually a way to dispose of savings when there is a surplus. What should I do if my income increases and I have more money in my hand? Next year's tax reduction and exemption, everyone is happy? Temporary tax cuts are not a good thing, and it is better not to use them unless it is a holy grace. Turn the surplus into capital and spend it first. As long as the place where you spend it is right, even if you don't see the income for a while, you can always realize it in the next few years. This is true for the camps, as well as for building railways, bridges, and canals. Even if it does not exist, it is convenient for the people and the development of all industries, and it can be earned back from tax revenue. Why does Huainan Road need to be camped in various states? Because you have built a shopping mall, you want to make money, and you have to turn the money you earn into money and invest it in the fields to save it. ”

Han Jiang nodded again and again, after listening to Du Zhongxiao's words today, he finally understood the relationship between Yingtian and Chang Pingsi. Yingtianwu is the reservoir of Changping Division, which is used to store the wealth of Yingtianwu, so it has been under the management of Du Zhongxiao. The money is issued by the Changping Division, and it is more than enough to save it in the savings bank, of course, it is to exchange the cash for the money to be introduced, and then used to form capital. The most important thing is that capital generates benefits and can multiply, so that wealth can be maintained and increased.

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao said: "The official affairs of the imperial court, as soon as you mention it, you will understand, and you will naturally have more ideas in the future." Not to mention the imperial court, but to the people, what about it? We govern the people for the government, and we always want to rule the people to have enough food, clothing, and food and clothing, and in order to prepare for disasters and famines, their lives are getting better and better, and there is still some surplus. These surpluses, like the imperial court, were the savings of the people. What should I do if I have money in my hand? In the past, copper coins were used to put cash or gold and silver at home. Ordinary people have a piggy bank, and rich people have a money cellar. Is that good? If there is no shortage of gold, silver and copper coins in the world, and you can always buy the same amount of things, then it is naturally nothing. But that's not possible. Zihua Caicai said that in recent years, Jingxi Road has begun to be short of money, and money has become more and more valuable, which is the case. Because the local grain production is more and the industry and commerce have developed, more money is required. Even if the company issued money, it was still not enough for the market, so it became so. It's not always a way to go on like this, and there will be big problems with money shortages. ”

Money is expensive and goods are light, and money is scarce, but in fact they are all the same problem, deflation. In the era of physical money, deflation is the norm, and once inflation, it means a crisis, or even a serious disaster, which is different from credit money. The moderate deflation of physical money does not affect the normal development of the economy, and the money in society is equivalent to always having interest, and the scarce part of precious metals replaces the function of banking. Therefore, except for fixed time, deposits are not interest-free. Inside, the price of goods falls, which itself is equivalent to interest. Even if you open a bank, you can make interest-free deposits, or only provide less interest, and do not need the bank to use interest to preserve the value of the deposit. However, severe deflation and a shortage of cash in the market will affect industry and commerce, especially the expansion of reproduction.

Du Zhongxiao said: "This is a problem, people save money, there is less money on the market, and the money will be more expensive." In this cycle, the money on the market will go to the cellar faster and faster, and it will be too late for the court to recast the money. So you have to find a way to get the money out. It is best that the imperial court has a way to make the money shortage disappear, and everyone is not willing to keep the money in the cellar, but to hand it over to the imperial court. ”

Han Jiang smiled slightly: "Needless to say, this is the role of savings." Instead of keeping your money in a cellar, you should save it in a savings bank with some interest. In order to covet high interest rates, many people will save for a fixed period, and Changping Division can issue money on a regular basis, and there is money on the market. ”

Du Zhongxiao nodded: "That's right." If it's not to draw money out, why spend so much energy building a savings bank? All over the city and countryside, I don't know how many people are employed, and they all have to spend money. It's just that Jingxi Road is special, even if a savings bank is built, there is still not enough cash in it, and cash from other places is shipped over, and the imperial court collects cash every year, and there is still expensive money and light goods. ”

The economy of Jingxi Road has developed too fast, even if there is a savings bank and money is issued, it still cannot make up for the currency gap, and there is a shortage of money. Deflation is not terrible, and when the United States developed rapidly in later generations, the same monetary tightening, and physical money was inevitable. We can only use money to lead, slowly expand the proportion of credit, and the actual storage is not one-to-one, provide sufficient currency, and slowly correct it.