As soon as dozens of perfumers arrived in East Friesland, Marin arranged for them and began to develop the best perfumes. Pen Fun Pavilion www.biquge.info As for the variety, Marin ordered the rose scent type first.

The rose is a flower that is common in Europe, both in England and Germany. Although the flowering season has passed, there are still many farmers who pick the rose petals early and dry them and sell them.

What these perfume blenders have to do is to soak and steam the purchased rose petals to purify the essential oil. It is then mixed with alcohol to create a perfume. Of course, there are a few other things mixed in. For example, add some musk, beaver or ambergris as a fixative to ensure that the fragrance lingers for a long time.

If you don't add a fixative, the perfume smell will soon dissipate, and it will be at the level of toilet water.

Of the three fixatives, ambergris works best, but it's too expensive. Therefore, from the cost consideration, Marlin directly excluded the formula of adding ambergris as a fixative. Even with such a formula, it can only be used as an ingredient in the finest perfumes.

Musk and beaver are much cheaper, however, there is a big problem with musk, that is, pregnant women cannot smell it, otherwise it is easy to cause miscarriage. Therefore, Marlin finally decided to use beaver incense as a fixative.

After all, perfume is made for female users. Even if it is used by men, it is also in contact with women. If you miscarry other pregnant women, it will be a loss of reputation, and you will even make enemies. So, even though beaver incense is more expensive than musk, Marlin chose beaver incense. It's a big deal, organize more fishermen to catch beavers. Large-scale breeding of beavers can even be considered to extract beaver incense. It seems that there are more beavers in Canada, and it is also suitable for large-scale breeding there......

When mixing perfumes, the alcohol given by Marlin is medical alcohol with a concentration of more than 70%, which is much better than the spirits used by perfumers today with an alcohol content of about 50%. After all, Marina used multi-stage distillation to obtain such a high concentration of alcohol. In addition, quicklime is used to absorb water.

After the fragrance was blended, the effect was quite good, and Angela and Felise liked it very much. In fact, the reason why Marin opposed the use of musk before was because he was afraid that Felise would smell the miscarriage.

Once the perfume is ready, it is natural to think about the packaging. Glass bottles are no problem. Previously, Marin had brought a group of artisans from Venice who could blow glass bottles, and they had to blow small glass bottles for perfume, and that was no problem at all. The only trouble is the sealing problem.

In this era, European bottles were sealed with cork and beeswax. It is to choose a suitable cork and tighten the mouth of the bottle. Then, on the area where the cork comes into contact with the mouth of the bottle, apply beeswax to completely isolate the air.

During the war, the world's first canned food was sealed in this way. However, after the cans are really heated, they are corked and sealed with beeswax.

Beeswax is okay, there are a lot of them in Europe. Long before the introduction of sugar cane to Europe, Europeans could only choose honey if they wanted to eat sweet. So, Europeans started beekeeping very early. Beekeeping produces not only honey, but also products such as beeswax, propolis and royal jelly.

Royal jelly has not attracted the attention of Europeans for a long time because of its bitter taste. Propolis was just a thing that was sealed to fix the nest, and it didn't attract the attention of Europeans. Beeswax, however, attracted the attention of Europeans very early and was widely used.

In addition, beeswax is a prop for consecration, which is placed directly on the altar. As a result, most of the monasteries in Europe are beekeeping.

In the early Middle Ages, honey was precious. Some of the singers are so poor that they will even wage war over a few boxes of bees. Of course, they are all at the level of the village chief, and it is usually dozens of knights with a group of farmers with pitchforks and a crowd of people. If a nobleman with the financial resources to the level of mayor of the town cares about how many boxes of bees? The same aristocracy, the gap is also very large. Rich aristocrats naturally don't have to rob beehives to get honey, they just spend money to buy it. Only the kind of poor aristocrats who have no money to buy honey will take thugs to rob beehives......

One of the most important commodities imported from Eastern Europe in the Hanseatic League's trade with Eastern Europe was beeswax. It seems that in Eastern Europe, the labor price is cheaper. Beekeeping is a thing that depends on the cost of manpower. Moreover, in Eastern Europe, there are more forests and meadows, more natural flowers, and better beekeeping conditions.

Therefore, if Marin wants to obtain beeswax, there are still a wide range of sources. Moreover, when sealing, the amount of beeswax is much less than that of cork. After all, cork needs a stopper, and the amount of beeswax only needs to cover the perimeter of the cork.

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As for cork stoppers, Marin sadly discovered that there were only three countries in Europe where cork was produced - Portugal, Spain and France......

Cork is cut from the bark of a cork tree, and it is only the inner layer of the bark, only two or three centimeters thick. Then, the craftsmen carefully get this cork veneer off, stack it with other cork veneers, glue it, dry it, and then steam, soften, dry it, and then cut it directly, stamp, and make cork and other products.

The reason why only three countries, Portugal, Spain and France, produce cork stoppers is that the cork trees are so squeamish......

Cork trees are not adapted to hot climates, nor to cold climates, but only to climates that are warm all year round. In other words, where it grows, it needs to be warm in winter and cool in summer...... If you look at Europe, only Portugal on the Atlantic Ocean is best suited to this requirement. Portugal is low enough latitude and certainly not cold. Coupled with the influence of the Atlantic marine climate, it is not hot. In this way, Portugal is the best place in Europe for cork trees to grow. Later, Portugal became known as the "Kingdom of Cork".

Spain, which is at the same latitude as Portugal, also has parts of the country that are suitable for the growth of cork. This part of the area is mainly the part near the Atlantic Ocean. In the area near the Mediterranean, the summer is very hot and the climate is Mediterranean, which is not very suitable for the growth of cork. As a result, only some areas of Spain are suitable for cork growth.

Similarly, France has only some mountainous areas in the southwest, which are suitable for the growth of cork, but not comparable to Portugal.

At the moment, the use of European softwood is not small, but it is not large either. But Marin knew that he would definitely need a lot of cork in the future.

Not to mention that all of these perfume bottles need cork, and those glass bottles of beer also need a lot of cork. Even those barrels, as well as the oak barrels used by sailors to hold fresh water, also needed cork.

This is still the case now, and in the future, Marin may need to come up with a big weapon of killing, the Mini rifle. And the Mini bullet of the Mini rifle also needs cork...... Those cans and bottles are all in need of cork......

Even flowering shells with wooden stockpiles require cork as the stock, and the size of the stock costs a lot of cork.

Therefore, in the future, the demand for cork in Marin is great.

However, the Portuguese have not yet realized that the demand for cork will increase in the future, and they have not paid much attention to the development and use of cork trees. Many cork trees are still idle in the mountains......

Marlin didn't think about transplanting cork trees to other areas, but it takes up to 10 years for a cork tree to be able to peel its bark...... Marin obviously couldn't wait that long...... Moreover, it is not easy to find a place with a climate similar to Portugal, which is warm in winter and cool in summer......

So, Marin can only look to Portugal......

However, because of the problem of the Great Voyage, Marin and Portugal were at enmity. If Marin's men had gone to Portugal to buy cork in Marin's name, they might have been sent back by the Portuguese with their legs broken. Not to mention the cork trees that allowed Marin's men to get their hands on the mountains of Portugal......

For this reason, after thinking about it, Marin had to entrust businessmen from other countries to go to Portugal to run the cork industry and find more cork trees. Then, take the goods from them yourself......