See: Conquest of the World Chapter 49 The Imperial Examination (2)

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But Feng Huxiang doesn't care about these gossips at all, in his opinion, although of course the national righteousness has to be talked about, but at present, Duan Ye's righteousness is not at a loss, he is a Han Chinese, and he is also an official under the Hu people, but did he help the abuse? Not really. Now that so many Han people are helping Hu people do things, why should they criticize Duan Ye? It's not fair!

What's more, for people like Feng Huxiang, he is not short of money or fame, what he wants is nothing more than an opportunity to realize his life ideals.

The ancients said that self-cultivation and Qi family rule the country and level the world, for this kind of people with rich family backgrounds, the most important thing is not to learn what they have learned, can they have a chance to show it, such as the chaos below today, but all the princes, Feng Huxiang counted them, but found that there is no one comparable to Duan Ye here.

Duan Ye was born in a commoner, so he would not have a view of the door, but would be able to recruit talents from all over the world with an inclusive bearing. Duan Ye is not a scholar, so in his heart, the most important thing must be talent, not blood. What's more, everything about Duan Ye today, everyone in the world has witnessed it, he punched and kicked him, and he fought by himself, without any tricks, without any other factors, completely relying on himself.

Such a person is, of course, a person with real talent and real learning. A person with a very high profile like Feng Huxiang will really look at it.

Moreover, the imperial examination held by Duan Ye this time was actually the decisive factor that finally moved Feng Huxiang.

Talent selection has always been a big problem, at the beginning, anyone must want to give the position to their relatives and friends, especially to their children and grandchildren, this is also human nature, who will not leave good things to themselves?

But it was very clear that this was not possible. The more important the position, the less it works.

The throne can be hereditary, because the throne is the ruling power of a family, and it needs to be inherited by blood, but even if it is blood, you still have to look at the concubines and the virtuous and foolish.

But the official position is not good, because even if the prime minister is very capable, the prime minister's son is not necessarily capable, and even if he is capable, the king does not want the prime minister's son to continue to do it, because if the father and son are both prime ministers, it is likely that the prime minister does not want to be the prime minister, but wants to be something else.

In any case, there is a consensus on the selection of officials, and it is necessary to choose capable people.

Before the Qin Dynasty, the method was very simple, completely aristocratic hereditary, but since the Qin Dynasty, both the government and the opposition have reached a consensus, and that set will not work.

One of the decisive measures of Shang Ying's reform is that in the future, the selection of talents will only depend on military merits!

You can fight, repay the merits of the head, then titles, rewards, official positions, in short, what Ren Heng dreams of, can be given to you!

Since then, the Qin people have the courage to fight publicly, are cowardly in private fights, and everyone fights to the death, and the imperial court also completely keeps its promises, and constantly increases the number of officials and knights, and since then the Qin army has become an invincible iron army in the world.

However, it was extremely easy to break, and the death of the second Qin Dynasty also made the following Han Dynasty much more cautious.

The main method of the Han Dynasty was the inspection system, which is commonly known as the system of filial piety and honesty.

Probation is a bottom-up system for selecting talents, also known as elections. After Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, learned the lessons of the Qin Dynasty and asked the county to recommend wise men and doctors with the ability to govern the country. Emperor Hui and Empress Lu raised their filial piety to Litian, and the inspection began to have subjects. However, at this time, it was mainly because the Qin Dynasty had just fallen, the people's livelihood was withering, and most of the scholars avoided disasters and hid in the deep mountains and wilderness.

Strictly speaking, the Han Dynasty inspection system began with the emperor, and he issued an edict requiring those who were virtuous and upright to speak outright, and set the examination system and related measurement standards. In other words, the Han Emperor clearly determined the scope, standards, and assessment methods for selecting talents, which marked that the probationary system was gradually on the right track.

By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the inspection system had reached perfection, and various regulations were introduced one after another. Since then, various subjects have been continuously enriched, especially the introduction of unified selection criteria and examination methods. In the first year after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, he ordered the main administrators of the central and local governments to recommend to the imperial court people with excellent moral knowledge and the ability to discuss politics. Six years later, he issued another edict to test the talents, and in that year he clearly defined the number of people that the county must select.

Of course, the probation system also requires an exam. This was an important part of the Han Dynasty inspection system. After passing the examination, the government will recruit those who are selected based on their merits, which not only ensures that the selection criteria can be implemented and the real talents are selected, but also ensures that the competition is relatively fair, so that the lower-level people have the possibility of entering the state management team.

But what is more widely practical is the system of promoting filial piety and honesty, the so-called filial piety and honesty, which is a method for discovering and cultivating candidates for officials in the Han Dynasty. It stipulates that every 200,000 households should elect one filial piety per year, and the imperial court will appoint an official to an official position. In addition to being erudite and talented, the students who are cited must be filial to their parents and behave honestly, so they are called filial piety. In the Han Dynasty, filial piety has been used as a subject in the selection of officials, and those who do not have filial piety and virtue cannot be officials. Nationalization governs the world with filial piety, so it is called filial piety.

Generally speaking, filial piety and honesty refer to those who have been lifted up to filial piety, most of them are honest and filial piety, but they also include some deceitful and sanctimonious people, such as the Han Dynasty, there is a nursery rhyme satirical: "Show talent, don't know books; Filial piety and honesty, the father does not live. ”

In fact, these systems, literally, are very progressive, but there are big problems in them. That is, although there are exams, they are only for reference and do not play a decisive role. And to be filial and honest, the power is in the hands of the magistrate, and there is a lot of room in it.

Because the magistrate is conscientious, it is better, if he does not fulfill his duties, then he will definitely recommend private individuals, and even accept bribes, so what is the quality level of the so-called smiling face that is recommended, it is conceivable. Later, the major families colluded even more, you lift my son, I lift your nephew, and it turns officialdom into the taboo of several major families.

After Cao Pi established the Wei state, due to the need to compromise with the Shi clan in order to seek their support and consolidate his rule, he simply pushed this system further and implemented the so-called Jiupin Zheng system.

In fact, the implementation of the Jiupin Zheng system is actually at odds with Cao Pi's father, Cao Cāo's meritocracy. But there is no way to do it, in the past, when Cao Cāo was there, the repair scholar clan was too ruthless, and they rebelled many times. When Cao Cāo was there, he could barely hold it down. As soon as Cao Cāo died, Cao Pi could no longer continue to suppress by force.

Moreover, after all, the Cao family used to have someone with eunuchs, and their net worth was not innocent, and if there was no support from the scholars, it would be difficult to stand firm. Cao Pi set up the nine-product system in order to alleviate the contradictions with the family family, in order to obtain the support of the family family for Cao Pi to become the emperor of the Han Dynasty. In order to centralize power, Cao's father and son had to face up to the objective situation of the continuous expansion and development of the power of the family, so they had to reach a compromise with the family and set up a central government appointed by the central government to control the local elections, and the officials were all concurrently served by the family officials. The nobles began to monopolize power.

This nine-product system is actually the most hated thing for people like Feng Huxiang, and there are three main ones in terms of content. First, the setting is positive: this is the key link of the nine-product system. The so-called Zheng is the person in charge of evaluating the characters in a certain area, that is, the Zhengguan. There are big and small officials, and the state has a big official who is in charge of the evaluation of the characters in several counties of the state, and each county of the nine products is set up a small official. The chief official was originally elected by the county governors, which is better, because there are more people who need to be settled, and after compromising with all forces, this chief official will not be too outrageous.

But now, the official is elected by Situ of the three dukes of the imperial court. The junior magistrate of the county may be nominated by the magistrate of the prefecture, but he must still be appointed by the situ. Under normal circumstances, the chief officials of the prefecture and county are the current central officials recommended by Situ, and sometimes, Situ or the secretary of the ministry also directly serves as the chief official of the state. This is to ensure that the central government has direct control over the election and to avoid interference from others in the right affairs.

But having said that, in fact, the official was completely controlled by the people in the court, and that was of course the gāo'guān of the major scholars! So the people of the gate valve completely controlled the official position.

Both big and small officials also have subordinates named "visits". But these are all embellishments, and all readers know that it is the official who really has the final say.

The thing that the official has to do is the character, which is the main responsibility of the official. The chief officer was responsible for evaluating the scholars of his same nationality, including those in the prefecture and in other counties. There are three main contents of the evaluation: the first family background: that is, family origin and background. It refers to the seniority of the fathers and grandparents, the situation of the eunuchs and the level of the title. These materials are called books or books, and they are something that the official must master in detail. The second is the line form, that is, the general evaluation of personal character and ability, which is equivalent to the current moral evaluation. At that time, the general evaluation was generally very concise, such as "talented and brilliant", "virtuous and talented", "few virtues and excellent abilities", etc. The third product: that is, to determine the grade. In principle, the order is based on the line, and the family history is only for reference.

However, there are policies and countermeasures, which is always the norm in this land, and the actual work is completely based on family background. Those who come from poor backgrounds can only be set at the bottom of the grade, no matter how high the comments are; Those who come from wealthy families can also be ranked in the top class if they are not in good shape. As a result, it became a situation at that time that "there was no poor family in the upper grades, and there were no scholars in the lower grades".

The reason why the Jin Dynasty suffered the Yongjia Rebellion, in fact, a big reason is that the scholars completely monopolized all the official positions, if these people do not want to forge ahead, flies and dogs, then of course the country will not have talents, and it will not be able to govern, the military cannot fight, the country will not die, there will be no heavenly reason!

All visionaries know that the only way to get out of it is to take exams!

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