The petroleum industry, like the steel industry in the 21st century, is called the lifeblood of the country, which is an industry that is absolutely not allowed to be involved casually, and basically, it is a huge chemical enterprise dominated by state-owned enterprises.

Oil is called the blood of industry, not that gasoline and diesel as the main body of oil, to promote the whole power, this is only one aspect, mainly because the petrochemical industry with oil as the main body is almost the foundation of the national economy, and its cracking products are almost all over all stages of the national economy.

The most important thing is plastic, there are many types of pure plastic, among the daily necessities, there are really no plastic at all, there are not a few, it can be said that if there is less plastic, many industries and products, will disappear.

If we say that in Zhao Xin's knowledge structure, the weakest and most difficult is organic matter.

Middle school textbooks generally rarely go deep into oil cracking, as the basics are mentioned above.

At the beginning, when Zhao Xin was studying, he still felt very confused about the names of various organic substances, most of which were named after A, B, C, D, followed by alcohol, alkyne, ene, and ether. Sometimes, it's just a difference between an oxygen group or a hydrogen group, and the whole name is completely different, and it's easy to make mistakes.

Later, I learned that it was not that scientists were unwilling to name these organic substances, but that there were too many of them.

Organic matter with carbon as the core constitutes a diverse structure of life, which is also the foundation of carbon-based life on earth.

Carbon has 4 bonds, which can be combined with most things in nature, and different types of carbon cores, combined with each other, and then freely combined with various bases, form an incomparably diverse biological chain, in principle, organic matter has infinite possibilities.

That is, under the in-depth study, Zhao Xin learned that the organic matter of carbon atoms within 10 is sorted by A, B, C, D, more than 10, using Chinese characters, 11 is called eleven, and 12 is called twelve.

There are too many organic substances, each one is named, and it is difficult to exhaust brain cells, and the combination of carbon atoms and various elements has formed a complex organic matter system, which is a symbol of biodiversity, and it has also become a difficulty.

In later generations, the artificialization of organic matter was the focus of research in the whole world, and the emergence of synthetic organic matter was accompanied by value and use.

Among the many organic substances, Zhao Xin can not remember much, but he also knows that the most important product of petrochemical products is ethylene, which is connected to the four hydrogen atoms and combines the basic organic matter with four hydrogen atoms, but it is the foundation of all plastics.

Even in the 21st century, when the development of organic matter has progressed to a considerable height, the output of ethylene is also an important indicator to measure the level of petrochemical, and it represents a strong foundation in the field of petrochemical.

Ethylene is a gas that occurs naturally inside plants and in some organs, and is a natural promoter that can promote fruit ripening, promote leaf aging, and be regarded as a plant hormone.

Some rumors about apples and bananas in later generations, especially the latter, because the fruits that belong to the tropics, often only take two or three days from ripeness to spoilage, in order for them to be sold all over the country, they are often picked when they are not ripe, and then sprayed with ethylene to ripen them.

This is a common method, but in the eyes of the vast majority of people, ethylene is a chemical raw material, a plastic, and bananas sprayed with plastic are toxic and cannot be used.

But in fact, ethylene is distributed in large quantities in plants, and almost most of the plants contain the presence of ethylene.

High concentrations of ethylene are indeed toxic and will cause damage, but as long as they are sprayed on the plants, after 6 hours, they will be absorbed by the plants, and there will be no toxicity, and most of the remaining residues will be volatilized.

Ethylene is the foundation of the entire plastics industry in later generations, vinyl chloride, polyethylene, ethylene oxide, styrene and other major products, their basic raw materials, are ethylene.

In the 80s, in the early days of reform and opening up, ethylene became the focus of large-scale projects introduced in China, based on 300,000 tons during the Cultural Revolution, 500,000 tons, 800,000 tons of gradual opening, the introduction of large-scale equipment and the gradual localization of large-scale equipment, became the main body of that era.

With the current technical level of the Northern Song Dynasty, even if Zhao Xin's insight and card system are added, let alone 10,000 tons, I am afraid it is 1,000 tons, it is very difficult, and even at present, the difficulty of cracking petroleum to obtain ethylene is also quite high.

Ethylene has been found in plants and cracking oil, but Zhao Xin does not understand that after the industrial cracking of petroleum, the purification process of ethylene relies on the card system, which is somewhat difficult.

The current card system has almost held up the entire financial industry of the Dinghai Navy, and the productivity of the card system has always been relatively large, but most of it is used to produce Dinghai coins.

The process of stainless steel has been completed in the laboratory, and even the efficiency of Niu Dali's first laboratory in the production of stainless steel is not low, but it has not been put into production.

The steam engine has not made a breakthrough, although with the help of cotton and linen materials, a certain seal has been completed, but the sealing effect is not good, and it also needs to be replaced quickly, and the steam engine produced is more experimental in nature.

Without power, large hydraulic press and forging machine, it is impossible to make the completion, in this case, can not always make stainless steel, in the method of carving, the stainless steel to carve into Dinghai coin.

It's not impossible, it's just that in this way, the cost of Dinghai currency is high.

Before the Northern Song Dynasty, labor was cheap, almost zero, especially for the government, in many aspects, it was necessary to levy labor, this kind of labor, not to give money, sometimes, you have to bring your own food.

The bankruptcy of some peasants is not because of disasters or poor management, but because of this kind of drag such as forced labor, some, very simple, just go to the individual, ordinary families can also support, some, that is simply a bottomless pit, some families stall, that is a disaster.

Dingjun is different, with a high-wage method, cultivate the market, although it is said that in the end, through sales and harvesting, most of the money sent out will be re-circulated, but the labor force has formed a value, and it is not low.

Dinghai coin carved exquisitely, itself shiny stainless steel, this is his value, anyone even if not holding the stainless steel level, simply carved out, will cost a huge price, which to some extent banned counterfeit money, but also Dinghai coin large-scale market fundamental.

Without a stamping machine, large-scale coinage simply cannot reduce costs, and it is better not to mint at all.

When Dinghai coins occupy the productivity of most of the card systems, there is not much productivity left, and if catalysts are added in the middle, there are not many products that cannot be produced by laboratory methods.

Ethylene is the raw material of plastics, is the basis for the production of various plastic products, and its output almost represents the total amount of plastic in a country.

Similarly, ethylene is able to circulate because it is available in large quantities and at the same time is cheap.

It turned out that the electric fan was bulky and strong, completely made of steel, and one could be used for decades, but in difficult times, in the early days of reform and opening up, his price was also very high, hundreds of yuan each, after all, all kinds of materials, raw materials are very expensive.

When the appearance of exquisite and lightweight, as well as a variety of lights and flashing plastic fans, it broke the monopoly of iron fans in one fell swoop, and soon, it disappeared, aesthetics is only one aspect of plastic fans, the key point is cheap.

Even plastic is the pursuit of price, not quality, plastic fans, of course, can not be compared with iron, and may even break down in a few years, but the cheapness is enough for it to occupy the market.

The productivity of the card system is not small, calculated in terms of space, hundreds of thousands, or even millions of Dinghai coins are produced every day, but if the card system is used to produce ethylene, the value he generates is not large.

Perhaps, after the plastic material is made, it will become a luxury in the short term, but it is good to make it, Zhao Xin is very clear, ethylene to plastic, this is a huge progress, historically, the discovery of ethylene is very early, but the production of plastic, but very late, and even the first polymer material, is not plastic, but nylon.

Nylon as a whole is much more complex than plastic, but it is also a very good material, his appearance, so that the United States DuPont chaebol, suddenly stabilized from the precarious, it can only rely on arms trading, involved in the chemical field.

It was this kind of thinking that made Zhao Xin think of a method, which seemed to be not a theory in middle school, but an experimental method that he heard by chance.

Concentrated sulfuric acid is a dehydrating agent, which is often used for the purification and dehydration of various solutions, but his dehydration is not only a solution, but also for the dehydration of some organic molecules.

When the human body comes into contact with concentrated sulfuric acid, the first thing is that the skin turns black, commonly known as burning, in fact, he just absorbs the water in the skin tissue, almost reducing the organic matter to carbon, which is the same as the effect of burning, but it is a little different.

The molecular formula of middle school chemistry, Zhao Xinji is very clear, in organic substances, and such a simple material as ethylene, there is a difference of one water molecule, that is, ethanol.

It's a good idea, ethylene is hard to come by, but ethanol is readily available.

The history of Chinese liquor can be traced back to three or four thousand years ago, from fruit liquor to grain liquor, initially the natural fermentation of fruits, and then found the mother of wine, making grain wine and other kinds of liquor, enriching the entire liquor market.

The history of China, to a certain extent, is also the history of wine, almost every province, there are wineries with a long history, and some of the wines can even be traced back to the Tang Dynasty.

In Tokyo, the famous Fan Lou, on the one hand, is the center of the entertainment industry and various activities, and similarly, he is also the largest liquor wholesaler in the whole of Bianliang, and he handles more than ninety percent of Tokyo's liquor introduction and fermentation.

Among the many liquors, baijiu is a unique Chinese civilization and is also a kind of liquor that is relatively easy to purify because it contains fewer other impurities.

Among the liquor, the most important is ethanol, which can be purified and dehydrated to obtain alcohol with a purity of more than 80%, which was already done by the Daimyo Mansion as early as the time of the Daimyo.

Alcohol is a very versatile item, and it was originally purified to make high-grade liquor for trade with the North.

The colder the place, the higher the consumption of alcohol, which is proved by later generations, the amount of alcohol in high latitudes, that is not generally high, not that they are willing to drink, but the cold persecution.

Because of archaeology, in the 21st century, Zhao Xin has been to the Northeast many times in winter, mainly to investigate the Hongshan culture, in the wild, in the field below minus 40 degrees, even if there are cold-proof clothes, up and down, it is also cold, at this time, a bowl of wine to drink, that is from head to toe, not to mention men, women also drink.

Later, in the Daimyo Mansion, for the sake of military construction, alcohol was also obtained, and in the era of cold weapons, on the battlefield, not many people died on the spot, and the troops that were generally defeated died directly in battle.

However, as long as the injury is dangerous, infection, excessive blood loss, and other improper treatment, it is easy to lose a life, in this case, clean bandages, disinfectant alcohol, reasonable and correct care, become the focus of life-saving.

A Nightingale, just with reasonable care, can reduce the war damage by more than six or seven percent, and Zhao Xinxin's modernization method can reduce the war damage.

Therefore, alcohol, in the Dinghai Navy, has become a strategic material, and in the army, professional nursing and military doctors have also been carried out, through certain teaching and practical operations, there is a certain experience in dealing with injuries, and their appearance will reduce the war damage in the future war a lot.

Medical alcohol must be at least 75 degrees Celsius or more, and some of the higher requirements must reach more than 80 degrees.

As for concentrated sulfuric acid, it is an acid often used by the Dinghai Navy, and it will be used in any experiment, especially with the blessing of ancient chemistry, and the concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid can be almost the highest.

Both materials are possessed, and the properties are known, even if Zhao Xin has never undergone such experiments, this can be done, and under the guidance of Zhao Xin, the laboratory began to study this area.

The chemical formula of ethanol is only one H2o difference between ethylene, that is, by removing a water molecule from ethanol, ethanol can be turned into ethylene.

The commonly used dehydrating agent is concentrated sulfuric acid, which has been manufactured by Zhao Xin as early as ancient chemistry, and it can be dehydrated by mixing concentrated sulfuric acid with ethanol.