The change of public land to private mu tax is actually to change the rent of labor land into rent in kind.

For the entire Song state, this required a series of changes, because Fu was not only food, but also the military system reform brought about by the corresponding military obligation reform.

Extremely difficult.

Only changing the public land to a private mu tax may result in the same amount of grain, but the original military mobilization system will also collapse and it will be difficult to adapt.

The public land belonged not only to the monarch, but also to some nobles, and those peasant households had to fulfill their feudal obligations to the nobles.

This kind of change is suitable for not caring about the Song Duke who is far away in Shangqiu, but caring about the local small nobles.

Many of the changes in the Warring States period did not completely touch the interests of the aristocracy, but on the premise of retaining the interests of the aristocracy, the aristocracy's labor rent income was changed into rent income in kind.

The public land in the fiefdom area owned by the nobles became the private land of the nobles, and then profited by leasing and operating.

If the productive forces were more developed and money transactions were more prevalent, it would be easy to develop a wage-based agriculture.

, a similar scene was said.

The husband buys the servant and sows the cultivator, the master spends the family and eats, the cloth and asks for money, and the non-loving servant also, saying: If the cultivator is deep, the old man is familiar. The maid is dedicated and hardworking, and the one who is clever and righteous, not the lover of the master, says: 'If it is soup and beautiful, money is easy to cloud.' This is the strength of father and son. And those who are in tune with the user are all coerced by their own hearts'. Therefore, if people act and give with profit as their heart, the more people will be reconciled, and if they take harm as their heart, then the father and son will be separated and resentful.

Han Feizi also talks about interests.

Moreover, the definition of interest is also the benefit of the definition used.

Benefit: If you are happy, it is also profitable. The harm is also not true. Harm: To be evil is to be harmful. It's also beneficial, and it's not.

It's just that as one of the sons, Han Fei must also be a big poisonous tongue, and he has also used a poisonous tongue to evaluate the Mohist doctrine. Like Mozi's attitude towards Confucius, he admired himself, but was extremely opposed to their ideology.

It is said that Mozi's level is so high and there are so many means, why doesn't the king of Chu use him? Han Feizi made up two stories, saying that Uncle Qin once married his daughter to Gongzi Jin, but Gongzi Jin liked the concubine who married but didn't like Uncle Qin's daughter; Zheng Guoren sold jewelry and made the jewelry box very beautiful, but they asked for the jewelry box and returned the jewel...... Mozi is such a problem.

Han Feizi believes that Mozi's means are very high and his skills are very good, but he mistakenly takes the righteousness of Mozi as jewelry and his own ability as a jewelry box; You think that the most important thing for you is your righteousness, you regard your righteousness as the daughter of Uncle Qin, and treat your ability as a concubine to marry, but in fact, people only like concubines and don't like princesses who you think are important...... The king values your abilities, not your morals.

bought and returned the pearls, and used Han Feizi to poison the Mo family; Guarding the plant and waiting for the rabbit was used by Han Feizi to poison Confucianism.

What he tells in this story is that the landlord gives the hired workers good food and fast wage settlement, not because of kindness or love for the hired workers, but because the hired workers work hard.

Hired laborers work hard for the landlord, not to love the master, but to earn money.

He was the first person in Zhuxia to show this kind of interest concern to the world very nakedly, and he didn't know how high it was compared to the harmony and love between the benevolent landlords and the tenants preached by the feudal lords of later generations.

Such a story is a reflection of the nature of agriculture.

This land must have been close to the castle, so it could be used to supply the city to turn the harvest into a commodity circulation and thus make a profit.

Moreover, those engaged in these industries are likely to be people born in some cities, who do not have land, and the handicraft industry is restricted by agricultural production, it is difficult to obtain high profits, and it is impossible to accommodate so many practitioners, so they rent out their labor to cultivate the land.

The nature of this business is already clear.

These people, who own a lot of land, probably did not cultivate it themselves.

It should be that in the process of change, the aristocracy acquiesced in the occupation of the original public land, and naturally turned the public land into the private land of the aristocracy, and under the premise of private ownership, it changed from servitude serfs to wage labor to obtain surplus value.

It's progressive.

The contradiction is not that there are more people and less land is annexed, but that the old serf public land system restricts the development of productive forces.

The expectations of the reed are not only the expectations of the common class, but also the expectations of some of the down-and-out aristocrats, or the transformation of the original labor and rent aristocracy into the new landlord class.

In order to do things, there must be a supportive and representative class.

And the main body of this class should be an alliance of yeoman farmers, new landlords, private craftsmen and merchants against the old blood aristocracy and the nearly millennia tradition of the Zhuxia aristocracy.

It was no longer possible for the old blood aristocracy to continue to rule; The new landlord class, the merchants, the handicraftsmen, were still under the oppression of the old blood aristocracy and the old rule, and they continued to expand and have a certain power; A group with a clear purpose, absorbing a large number of emerging classes and representing their demands, has been organized.

It seems that nothing is missing.

Thinking of the upcoming period of opportunity, Shi did not shy away from anything, and said directly: "Since everyone is looking forward to this thing, I will talk about it first, and you will see if you can agree." ”

Wei nodded hurriedly, and talked eloquently, as simple as possible to understand, and Wei was not difficult to understand.

The original tax on public land plus mu was one-fifth in total, the so-called tithe.

We will only talk about taxes, not about the grassroots level of military organizations under the old organizational form.

This is calculated according to the old yield, which is a quota, or even less than the quota, because the harvest of public land is often much lower than that of private land.

Break the public land system, only move towards the Song Gong, dismantle all the public land in the public office into private land, and distribute all the taxes receivable in these public fields into private acres, keeping the original tax rate unchanged.

There are also some of the old clans in the hands of the Ink Masters, who will take action to destroy them when the time comes; Those who were willing to accept the new land system, who were willing to spontaneously convert themselves into new landlords who made a profit from rent and lease in kind or from operational agriculture, recognized their private acres.

Priority should also be given to those emerging landlords for cash crops such as cotton, and at the same time, it is necessary to find ways to popularize new planting techniques in various countries, increase the total market circulation, and promote the development of commodity exchange.

The new landlords in Peiyi felt that it was profitable to choose to operate rather than disperse the lease, forcing the existing farmers who leased their land to either leave the land and organize themselves to cultivate new fields, or become hired workers and farmers.

The spearhead of resentment is directed at the new landlords, who are profitable, who voluntarily refuse to lease but choose to operate, and do not seem to be forced by the Mo.

As for the vast majority of farmers under the village community system in Peiyi, they basically followed the direction of yeoman farmers, and divided the military tax from the public land into their private acres, turning the tax into a tax.

Once the Chu people go north to the new round of Jin and Chu hegemony, the nobles of the Song Kingdom will inevitably have no intention of governing the affairs here.

If the yield per mu is increased, some farming tools and planting methods are improved, the cropping is changed from one cropping a year to two crops a year, and the original fixed tax amount is maintained, then the farmers will still benefit after all, as long as it is clearly explained, they will also support it.

It's just that this kind of support can only be based on trust for the time being, so this wheat harvest is particularly important.

After finishing speaking, he said: "This matter is not a secret matter, you can tell me, if you were in Shangqiu after the wheat harvest a year ago, I said this method, would you agree to it?" ”

The Shangqiu village community a year ago is now many village communities in Pei County.

Wei knew that this matter was very important, so he put down the wine bowl cautiously, carefully pondered the memories of a year ago, and recalled the thoughts of a year ago, before nodding for a long time and saying, "I will agree." You don't know how important winter wheat is to us. Not to mention the deliciousness, the original 300 acres of land was divided into three years of rest, and now if you follow the method of planting beans and alfalfa and then planting wheat according to what you said...... As long as the tax remains the same, how much more will each family charge? ”

Wei considered carefully, not that it was between agreeing and disagreeing at that time, but only that he felt that these words were important, so he had to think carefully about them.

He knew that the Moist would definitely not just ask him if he wanted to make a decision, but he also knew that the Moist always talked about the public will, and he was a part of the public will, so it was necessary to say what he thought.

Shi smiled and asked, "So...... What are you willing to pay for this? You look at the cocoons on your hands, that's for the harvest. If you want to reap the harvest, you will have cocoons...... For the sake of these private acres, I am afraid there will also be a different kind of 'cocoon'. ”

Wei also laughed and said, "It's nothing more than death." I will have a son. ”

The two looked at each other and smiled, touched the wine bowl, and drank it all.

Shi put down the wine bowl and said with a smile: "Since I have said this, then I might as well tell you." It is impossible for you to go to Teng Township according to the rules, so you can give a general idea of what I think when you go back. Actually, I don't say it, the township pavilion will also say it after the wheat harvest, but your village community can talk about it first. ”

"Not everyone is willing to die for all this, but when this person really needs to die, he can't escape it, this is the public will. I don't want to die, so let's go on with it. There are few ink writers, and there will always be a time when the light dies, don't you want to live like that when we die? ”

Reed's wine strength had already come up, and his chest was pounding, "I'm willing." If I really had to die to benefit the world, I wouldn't run away......"

Speaking of these passionate things, he forgot about the reed flower he wanted to ask before, and his face turned red from drinking, and he said something else, so he was going to send him back to sleep.

The person who didn't want to look like a businessman on the side suddenly reached out to help, and asked seemingly unintentionally, "Aren't you the secretary of the ink man?" ”

Listening to this person's words, he knew that this person should also be a person with some culture, because he called Shi Zi, and asked rhetorically with the honorific title of Zi, which is not the habit and height of Peixian farmers.

It's not a question, just a way to say hello.

After the merchant asked, he introduced himself and said that he was originally from Jin and his name was He.

Although he is not a nobleman, because he is a businessman, his social status is higher than that of a farmer, and because he was born in Jiaoyi of Jin, outsiders can call him Jiao He.

This is also the habitual way of naming businessmen at this time, which originates from Fan Li and Yidun, the idols of the two businessmen at this time.

Fan Li lived in Taoyi and made his fortune, and named himself Zhu, which originally meant to be a kind of pine and cypress. Later, because he settled in Taoyi, everyone called it Taozhu, which means that a person named Zhu in Taoyi will be added to the public character when he is developed.

The original name of Yidun was called Dun, and later developed in this place, so the descendants called it Yidun. Just like Tao Zhugong, it was the place of Yi that first came to it, and then it was called Yi Dun.

Those who dare to be businessmen in these years are not ordinary people.

Mozi said that at this time, people often killed people, poisoned and robbed money, and at this time, being a merchant was a very risky profession, especially the merchant who came here from Jindi.

I don't care if this person's identity is true or not, Pei County is already like this, there are more people coming and going, and it doesn't matter if they have their own goals, anyway, everything is open, and there are some things that you can't learn even if you want to.

Shi asked a few more words about what business this person did, and Jiao He replied with a smile: "In the past, when the Duke of Yidun was in Lu, farming was often hungry, and mulberry was often cold...... Later, he followed Tao Zhu Gongxue to learn business skills, went to the north of Jin, and gradually multiplied from a few cows and horses, and became a huge wealth in 20 years. ”

"Cattle and horses can multiply, and rice seeds are planted in spring and harvested in autumn, which is exactly the same way. I once heard that the ink man took the world's hunger as a treasure, and named a grain after Moyu. Even the ink scholars think that it is a treasure, which is the treasure that merchants can profit, but they don't know much. ”