Chapter 36: Gradual Change
The tall man couldn't help but sigh at Wu Qi's doubts, thinking that this land of Sishang was not as good as Qin. If Qin Di could have such a situation, why should those harsh laws be implemented?
For the definition of the sum of wealth, he had doubts, but just to make Qindi's policy have the rationality of "Hetianzhi", and he has not forgotten to study and study all these years, he knows a lot about Taoqiu, and he sighs a lot, but it is helpless that Taoqiu's method will not work at all in Qindi.
There are local situations, and Sishang has been a place to learn from the eyes of these rebels over the years, and there is also a special pamphlet about the situation of Taoqiu, which is used to supplement the Mohists' theories such as "the sum of wealth".
Those books are inevitably a little obscure to ordinary people, but I know a lot about these characters who have been paying attention to the Mo family.
The pottery mound itself is rich, and after the husband digs the canal and Tao Zhu Yi suddenly becomes rich, this is the middle of the world.
The initial tax system that had been implemented by the Lu State after the reform of the Ji family, and the vicinity of Taoqiu was quite rich in property before the emergence of the Mohists, and the concept of private property rights appeared early.
After the coup d'état of the Song Kingdom, the vicinity of Taoqiu became more and more influenced by the Mo family.
However, the Mohists' policies in Sishang were too radical and had unique conditions, and there was basically no pressure to implement some policies.
For example, Teng, Xuan, Tan and other countries were originally occupied by the Yue Kingdom, and the Yue Kingdom had a large number of royal fields here.
After the First Battle of Lushui, the forces of the Yue Kingdom withdrew from the Sishang region. The liquidation of some pro-Yue nobles, coupled with a large number of royal fields after the retreat of the Yue Kingdom, did not hinder the land reform implemented by the Mo family here.
This is something that Qin Guo can't learn.
Speaking of this, the tall man sighed helplessly.
If the Qin State wanted such a change, it had to touch the interests of the old aristocracy. The Mo family seized the favorable opportunity in Sishang and carried out the reform in a more moderate way by defeating the Yue State.
The Qin State lost the West River, and the interests of the nobles themselves were greatly damaged, and they could only carve up the land within the Qin State. If Gongzilian hadn't cleaned up some nobles in the name of a coup d'état and changed the land and moved the capital, it would have been even more difficult to carry out a change like in Qindi.
The Mohist policy in Sishang influenced many cities along the Surabaya of the Song Kingdom in another way.
With the development of the handicraft industry in Sishang, it has become the world's iron smelting center, academic center, textile, glass, gunpowder, and military ordnance production center; With the completion of the land reform in Sishang, a large number of farmers had surplus grain for commodity exchange and internal development of the market; With the development of river vessels...... Taoqiu, the cities along the banks of Surabaya and Heshui, took the lead in launching a series of "profit-seeking reforms".
It is precisely "the good one is good for the way, the second is for teaching, the second is neat, and the lowest one fights with it", which has influenced the Mohists to the outside world has always adhered to the way of "good way".
In particular, it defeated the Yue State and signed a series of treaties with the Yue State; After the state of Chu obtained the right of tax exemption and the right of way, there was an explosive period in the development of the handicraft industry in Sishang.
After the outbreak, winemaking, textiles and other things could be profitable, the price of raw materials rose, and a large number of new goods and luxury goods produced by Mohist workshops required a lot of money to buy, which also prompted many people to seek profits.
Originally, some of the small nobles of the fiefs of the Song Kingdom had already appeared to rent land for profit in the slow changes of the previous hundred years.
Rent in kind is collected per mu every year, and seven catties of corn are collected per mu a year, and the small life is also considered to be good, especially when the yield per mu is only a few dozen catties before the emergence of the Mo family, the rent of seven catties of corn is already regarded as a heavy rent.
However, with the development of the Sishang economy, these small nobles of the Song Kingdom were surprised to discover...... I don't have enough money and food to spend.
Everyone is a nobleman, and the minimum decency must be there. Someone else's house has a glass window and a glass to show off, do you buy it yourself?
However, there was no money.
The petty nobles of 2,000 acres of fiefdom or private land are also considered sergeants, but the annual rent income is only 14,000 catties of grain.
In the past, this was enough to "cultivate on his behalf", specializing in practicing martial arts, chariot warfare, and archery, and enough to become a full-time military aristocrat.
Can ...... now Look at those dazzling commodities, look at your annual rent of 17,000 catties of grain, watch the warriors who challenged the division in the first battle of the water being bombarded into a sieve by the guns and cannons of the Mo family, and watch the merchants of Sishang make a hundred times more profits and become the king of "Sufeng......
Of course, there are also those real "gentlemen" who abide by the etiquette system, and every spring they still take the lead in farming and encourage farmers in the same way as in the past, collect land rent, and live a life of gentlemen who are out of production.
However, most of the people are profit-seeking, and the mentality of the young nobles changed dramatically after hearing that the warriors of the division were beaten into a sieve in the battle of the water; The young nobles looked at the pioneers who took the lead in planting potatoes to make wine, planting cotton for sale, and planting indigo for profit, their eyes were red, and what kind of etiquette was really not worth mentioning in front of interests.
As a result, in the absence of the Mo family's jurisdiction over Taoqiu, Taoqiu, a place where merchants gathered, spontaneously produced many changes.
The ceremonial rent of seven catties per acre of land, and those novelty commodities day by day, made it easy for these small nobles who owned land to make a choice: to take back the land and rent it to the small merchants who had learned to manage crops from the Mo family, or to run it themselves.
The 2,000 acres of land were originally rented to others and required 60 households. Now, the advent of iron oxen ploughing the ridges requires less than 60 households.
After recovering the land and operating it by themselves, more than half of the tenants could not survive, so they could only go to Taoqiu to survive, or they were loaded onto ships by those of the Mo family and transported to Sishang.
At this time, the population was insufficient, there was too much wasteland, and the appearance of iron tools also made a lot of land that was originally not suitable for cultivation become fertile land, and the Mo family organized to attract people to reclaim land or develop handicrafts, and the contradiction was not serious.
Under the vast and sparsely populated area, there is a large amount of wasteland as an outlet for this change, and the Mohist family has far exceeded the organizational power of the times to complete the catharsis, and the reform in the Taoqiu area has been completed without much blood in these ten years.
These little nobles turned into a high-ranking place, and began to laugh at those who still adhered to the "aristocratic spiritual etiquette system", and became richer and richer. They were not great aristocrats, and the benefits brought to them by the ritual system were far less than the income from the output of the land.
Speculation, operation, making money, and making a fortune became something that the small nobles of the Song Dynasty discussed every day. The land that was originally leased to farmers was turned into a farm for potato cultivation and winemaking; The originally scattered land was reclaimed and turned into a farm for indigo cotton beans to rotate.
The transformation of the land also brought more commodity raw materials and important free labor to Taoqiu. Even though the Mo family continued to load people on ships and send them to Sishang, there were still many farmers in Taoqiu who did not leave, but sold their land to go to the city to survive.
It is "seeking wealth with poverty, agriculture is not as good as work, industry is not as good as business, embroidery is not as good as leaning on the city gate", Taoqiu, a commercial city in the world, has completed the transformation in a deformed way.
Every time Sishang develops, every new commodity appears, and every time the market in Chu Yue and other barbarian settlements is expanded, there will be more merchants and hired laborers on Taoqiu's side.
The handicraft industry, which no longer had a monopoly and was abandoned by the Mo family, quickly developed in Taoqiu. The textile industry, dyeing industry, shipbuilding industry, wood industry, and pottery industry have developed rapidly in recent years.
The power of businessmen is expanding more and more, rich but powerless, because of the obstacle of status, they have no political rights, so they began to want their own political rights, and agreed with the Mohist concept of "everyone is a minister of the emperor, so everyone is equal, and everyone is not divided between old and young, noble and low, and talented and talented".
People like Solushen may see the inequality hidden behind this equality, but the development of society has not yet reached that point, and it is difficult to achieve it overnight, so the development of Taoqiu is on the rise.
Handicraftsmen and small businessmen gathered every day to listen to the lectures of the Mo family, and with a kind of pursuit of equality by the citizen class, they became the main force of the citizen class.
For example, after the Battle of Lushui, the Mo family asked the king of Yue for a lot of "Xiliu" sailors and shipbuilders, which were clearly in the treaty ten years ago, so the merchant ships along Surabaya through the Huai River and then to Chu and Baiyue have made a lot of profits every time, and many big businessmen have joined it, and their interests are connected.
the sugar industry and tea industry developed in the Hai Duong area; iron smelting, munitions, glass, and coal in Sishang; grain and cotton in the Song Land; Horses from the Northland, native breeds...... All of this has made Taoqiu a city full of the smell of money.
In this case, the most panicked thing for merchants is that there is no "written law", the monarch and nobles can deprive them of many things, they need to master their own power, and the policies of the Mo family are more beneficial to them, and the interests are connected, they naturally choose the Mo family as a backer.
The monarchy of the Song State itself declined, and after the coup d'état, the Mo family instigated internally, and tried their best to curb power.
After several struggles, Shangqiu was finally able to pay a certain amount of taxes every year, in exchange for the semi-autonomy of the city, and became the same existence as the Shangqiu people.
The policy expansion of Wei and Qi made them deeply panicked, so they contributed money, local hired workers and a large number of idle people, and the Mo family contributed technology, and spent three years to rebuild Taoqiu City, which became an important military fortress and industrial and commercial city to control the three kingdoms of Qi, Lu and Wei.
and funded the establishment of a righteous teacher, but this righteous teacher is in the hands of the Mo family, because the Mo family's policies are more popular with the aristocracy and monarchy, and the organized catharsis of the contradictions of change has also alleviated the contradictions of this change.
The lectures of the Mohists flourished in Taoqiu, and the craftsmen and burghers themselves were the main supporters of the Mohists.
However, all of this cannot be replicated elsewhere.
The Mohists had a technological advantage and could use all kinds of novel commodities to impact the original handicraft industry and aristocratic agriculture of various countries.
The Mohists relied on the war against Vietnam to obtain a large number of "royal fields" to carry out land reform, alleviate contradictions, and expand the market in Sishang. The purchasing power of a yeoman farmer is more than ten times that of a farmer in the original public land.
The petty aristocracy was able to profit from the change, and was driven by interest to spontaneously change their status and become operational landlords and farmers.
"Don't sell wood for a hundred miles, don't sell millet for thousands of miles", the two canals of Heshui and Hangou built by the husband make the cost of river transportation much lower than that of land transportation, and the water system of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River allows the commerce here to expand to the outside world.
The war against Vietnam obtained various commercial preferences, and while it became a dumping ground for goods, it also made the internal contradictions of Vietnam even deeper. After the civil strife in Chu, the infiltration of the Mo family in the Chu State also made the Chu cities along the Yangtze River a market; Baiyue and other barbarians can also dump a large amount of goods in exchange for various commodities urgently needed in the north in places close to water transportation......
All of these are conditions that the Qin State does not have, so the Qin State can only implement the "land grant system", because land is the largest income of the Qin State, once the land is liberalized and the system like Sishang is implemented, I am afraid that "the people are resentful" and want to return to the era when at least there is land to cultivate.
The changes carried out by Sheng Xuan and others in Qindi are so, and they are adapted to local conditions. The same is true of the changes of Shang Ying in the Qin State on the original historical line: the Qin State is not a private ownership of land, and there are records of everything sold throughout the Qin Dynasty, but there is no land; Before Wang Jian Zhengchu, what he wanted was "the envoy to invite the five generations of good fields".
If it weren't for the fact that these people were born in rebellion against Mo and studied more Mo books, perhaps they would have been difficult to understand the development of Sishang, just as Wu Qi sighed when he saw the city of Taoqiu.
Technological change can bring wealth and power, but the system that is compatible with technological change can stimulate this power even more, and the distant Qindilian iron tools have not yet been popularized.
So before he arrived at Peiyi Pengcheng, but when he arrived at Taoqiu, he could only sigh and sigh at what he saw, feeling inexplicable, although he knew good governance, he could not do it and could not do it.