When Fang Shi said this, he was already proud, and then said: "Then I ruled out the other kinds, and finally deduced that gunpowder can actually be made of charcoal, sulfur, and saltpeter. ”

"As for proportions, that's easy to say. I only need to separate saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur with water to find out. ”

The Mohist book "Qi is also Heavy Theory" believes that gas also has weight, and water is turned into gas, which can be lifted on the lid, so it can be seen that the so-called gunpowder should not be solidified into gas to push the projectile to fly out. I think that if a person with divine power blows violently on the barrel of a gun with the most cover, it is actually the same. Bashu Yidi uses a blow pipe, which is the same reason. ”

"In the Mohist book "On Combustion", there was an experiment that there was something in the gas that could make charcoal burn, but if that gas was gone, the charcoal would not burn. And that kind of qi can be measured, only one-fifth, which is called yang qi. ”

"Gunpowder can burn without gas, so I thought, it is probably saltpeter that provides the yang energy that allows the charcoal and sulfur to burn."

"To make sure that my suspicion was correct, I calcined the salt in the furnace for a long time, without increasing or decreasing. However, saltpeter is calcined according to the method of refining 'Zhu Rongxue' in accordance with the suitable refining of the scorpion, and a kind of gas can be obtained, which is ...... It can make the charcoal bloom in it like a scorching sun. It's probably yang. ”

"So I was even more sure that there was no salt or miscanthus in the gunpowder, only saltpeter. Therefore, gunpowder is nothing but the yang energy hidden in saltpeter, which is burned with charcoal and sulfur and turned into gas, like a Bashu blowpipe, which pushes the projectile to fly out. ”

Speaking of this, Fang Shi pointed to the pile of gunpowder below and said, "You can try it, or compare it with what you bought from the Mo family." ”

Sheng Xuan got up, bowed again and again, and said in convincing: "There is no need to try." You have obtained the essence of "Thirty Questions Answered". The great wisdom of the king, it turns out that he has already used the heart of gunpowder! ”

Qin Jun also laughed and said: "As you said, since the death of the public class, no one in the world can be the right of Mo Zhai. Twenty years ago, Mo Zhai invited the disciples of the public class to enter Sishang with the belt given by the public loss class, and the Mo family guarded the city and had large crossbows such as transfer machines and bed crossbows. ”

"I may not understand the so-called heavenly will and evolution of the Mo family, but I understand people's hearts. The fact that the Mo family can make the best crossbow but use gunpowder is the best proof. ”

"People's hearts are not the will of heaven as the Mohists say, but they can also know a lot of truths."

Wu Qi and others all worshipped, and their hearts were either happy or convinced.

Qin Jun said again: "In addition, there is another thing, which can strengthen your heart to use muskets. ”

With that, he pointed to the copper hook on the ground and asked, "Do you know what this is?" ”

This bronze hook looked very simple, one finger long, and it was not even as delicate as the trigger of a crossbow, and no one present knew what it was, let alone why this extremely ordinary-looking artifact could make the king feel that this thing could strengthen the hearts of everyone with muskets.

Qin Jun said with a smile: "After Mo Zhai's death, Yan Zhishi compiled books such as "Lu Wen" and "Shi Wen" that recorded Mo Zhai's words and deeds. There is one in it, saying that when the city was defending in Shangqiu, it is suitable to say that in the future, there will be something that can replace the transfer machine, bed crossbow, and bow. ”

"After the musket came out, the tartar said again that flint can light vinegar velvet, so it can also ignite gunpowder, and it only needs to be charged delicately. He said he had seen them there. But what he said he had seen, have you ever heard him speak? ”

"A few years ago, the Mo family paid 100 gold, asking the world's skilled craftsmen to make a thing...... This thing is very simple, it just needs to be able to charge. Don't ask for shape, just for this thing, and give 100 gold ...... when you make it."

Before he finished speaking, Wu Qi pointed to the simple-looking copper hook on the ground and said, "This ...... This is the so-called 'leaf spring' in flint muskets? ”

The name of the leaf spring is known to everyone present.

What it looks like, no one knows.

But the principle, the Mo family has long given in some books: the role of the fire rope is only to ignite the fire, and the flint can also ignite the fire. It is only necessary to make a leaf spring that can be charged, and the flint can be directly ignited and the gunpowder can be ignited.

What do leaf springs look like?

For everyone present, it doesn't matter.

As long as leaf springs can be made, craftsmen can easily design a machine with a clear principle, if not according to the diagram, but it is almost the same.

Craftsmen who can make bronze crossbow machines, as long as they know the principle and understand the direction, and give them a fine reed, can make a mechanical device that is not complicated to light with flint.

The principle of leverage, finger force, leaf spring accumulation, crossbow machine maintenance, hook crossbow machine, leaf spring rebound, pull flint, rub fire and ignite.

The way of charging is very similar to the common principle of using a grid ruler to charge up paper balls in later schools.

This thing is very important, especially for these people who are debating whether the Great Qin Xiongshi will use a bow or a musket in the future, it is impossible not to know this thing.

In the Mohist book "On the Future Battle Formation by Saying Knowledge", there is such a saying:

Arquebuses can't get too close to each other because of the presence of arquebuses, so the power of the salvo is not as good.

If you can use flint instead of winning, then the phalanx of the original company can line up two companies, and one salvo is the firepower of the original two companies.

Moreover, the role of the spearman is only to cover the arquebus, if the spearman can be combined with the arquebus, then from then on, there is only one type of Zhuxia foot soldier.

In addition, after the Mojia captured Tengcheng in the First Battle of Lushui, the book entitled "The Victory of Rational Tianzhi - On Pythagorean Techniques and Siege Techniques" explained that when Zi Mozi defended the city, he built the line wall in order to increase the width.

And the increase in width is for the advantage of projection. If you can increase the projection while maintaining the same width, the effect will be the same.

These books written by the Mo family in the past twenty years have now spread, and the silence of twenty years is not that no one has noticed it except Sishang, but it is slowly digesting.

Seeds are sprinkled.

Within Kyushu, it blooms everywhere.

However, this flower bloomed a little strangely.

Sheng Xuan looked at the copper hook, shook his head and said, "I heard that the Mo family has been making this thing all the time. However, they used iron, and it was actually already made, but the storage was insufficient and the fire was too low, so they did not use it. ”

"However, he said that what he saw from the two gentlemen was iron...... How can it be copper? ”

He bent down to pick up the leaf spring, pulled it hard, and sure enough, it needed strength, and when he let go, he immediately straightened up.

The Fang Shi said: "Regardless of copper and iron, what you want is the ability to store energy." Don't talk about copper and iron, that is, use a small crossbow on it, and pull the hook to rub the flint with the power of the crossbow arm, but it's not the same reason? ”

Katsuki was puzzled: "But...... Blacksmiths all over the world are trying to get the hundred gold ...... by quenching in various ways."

"Can copper also be used as a spring?"

Fang Shi said: "Mr. doesn't know. To the south of Bashu, there are Yelang countries and Lan countries, all of which are Yidi. However, there were also bronze objects there, and there were exchanges as well. I have seen a delicate thing, also of brass, that can be charged. ”

The principle of the flintlock pistol is not so profound, all that is missing is a suitable, elastic leaf spring.

As for the method of ignition, if chemistry advances rapidly, it is possible to hit lightning mercury with the force of a spring; The same goes for polishing flint.

There have long been primitive flintlock pistols in Sishang, but the reason why they are not popularized in the army is that the firing rate is too low. The reason why the ignition rate is too low is that the materials are not up to standard.

In this era, it belongs to the craftsman, and the craftsman can knock it out.

Materials are the fundamental reason why many delicate instruments cannot be produced today.

This time, the Mo family was not hiding anything like gunpowder, but because the leaf springs of the flintlock pistols that he saw from the "two hermit gentlemen" were really steel, and he didn't think about the copper parts at all.

Copper can be used as a leaf spring for accumulating power, but I don't know if it's appropriate.

The Qin people didn't know either, but they knew that the characteristic of leaf springs was that they were elastic enough to be able to store power.

As for the size, lightness, and storage capacity, they can all be adjusted, and if you can't achieve a 100% fire rate, you may not be able to use half of it; If you can't do it so lightweight, you can't use it if you can zoom in on the parts.

There are many coincidences and inevitability.

Winning Shijian has been displaced since childhood, experiencing coups, expulsions, and exiles; watched the rise of the Wei State, take away the West River, and change the law and innovate; witnessed the development of the Sishang Mo family from hundreds to tens of thousands, and witnessed the rise of the Mo family; There is such a rebellious ink as Shengqiu by his side......

All this makes the word "change" very important in the heart of the winner, and it is precisely because of this that he is good at absorbing useful things from the experience of various families.

Just like gunpowder, he has been staring at it, and deduced from people's hearts that the Mo family can obviously make the best crossbow in the world, but they prefer to use muskets, which shows that the future will be the era of gunpowder.

And the tactics and battle formations depicted by the leaf spring flint musket are even more important to him - it will be more suitable for the Qin State to change the law of the Qin State to open up the well field, and the recruited soldiers only need to learn the use of one weapon, and no longer need to be divided into many different kinds of foot soldiers.

That's the premise.

The small states such as "Yelang and Jilan" mentioned by Fang Shi are south of Bashu, while Qin has long been fighting with Shu around Hanzhong for decades, and has had a lot of exchanges with Bashu.

Yelang, Jilan and other countries are just a kind of name for the small states in the Yunnan-Guizhou region at this time, and they are all regarded as Baipu.

Anyway, when King Wu was defeated, Baipu was also a state that participated in the oath.

Before the emergence of the Sishang Mojia, this was the Bronze Age, and there was no state without copper.

There was already a bronze civilization there.

One hundred and fifty years later, Zhuang Biao, who "stole the reputation of Zhuang Zhuang Liuhou", invaded Yunnan and Guizhou, established himself in the Yunnan Kingdom, and the place where the capital was located was the central area of copper smelting in these Yunnan-Guizhou countries at this time.

Near Dianchi Lake, it is the essence of the civilization of the Yunnan-Guizhou region, where there is naturally bronze smelting, and in addition to tin-lead bronze, there are also some phosphor bronzes here.

Because near Dianchi Lake, it is the largest phosphate mineral area in Zhuxia in later generations.

In the process of smelting, the bronze states here should have inadvertently mastered the skill of refining phosphor bronze, and gradually formed a legend that knew what it was and did not know why.

The bronze ware in the Yunnan-Guizhou region flowed into the Qin State through the exchange between Bashu and Qin, and the particularity of phosphor bronze made it possible to make some exquisite copper objects.

The exchange of civilizations is more magical than the imagination of later generations.

More than 300 years later, Zhang Qian sent an envoy to the Western Regions, and saw the cloth of Shu in Great Xia. Said: From the southeast of the poisonous country, it can be thousands of miles, and it is Shujia City. Zhang Qian's heart is itching, and after hollowing out the Western Regions, he is also preparing to open up a trade route from Bashu to India.

Nowadays, there have been a lot of exchanges between these states and the Central Plains countries, and the development of various trades has long begun, especially with the spread of technology by the Mohists in the Bashu region.

This kind of bronze is one of the utensils used for trade and exchange with the Central Plains countries, and it is precisely because of its special nature that it has been spread.

The made phosphor bronze needs to be tempered and quenched to have good elasticity, and the ancestors there are mastering this means, which may be the reason why the later Chu State sent Zhuang Yi to Dianchi.

The will of the king of a country can cross thousands of rivers and mountains.

The Mohists can send Suo Lushen to travel thousands of miles west to reach the extreme west; Naturally, Qin Jun could also send people to Jilan and other countries to find this kind of elastic bronze smelting technique.

With the early completion of Dujiangyan, as the Mo family operated salt boiling, mercury smelting and other industries in Shu, the exchanges between Bashu and the surrounding mountains and forests were more and more common.

The alchemist, who had mastered the scientific method to figure out the formula of gunpowder, did not know why the copper was elastic, but vaguely knew that the elasticity of copper was related to phosphorus.

Phosphorus, at this time, also called Zhu Rong Blood, this Fang Shi tried to refine it according to the content of the book, and succeeded.

And this Fang Shi thought of some things, it is rumored that in the past, when Ou Yezi and the cadre Mo Ye cast swords, they mostly sacrificed people, and the swords were shocking.

In the appropriate year, it was the bones used to refine "Zhu Rongxue" in Surabaya, and he faintly had many associations.

…………

PS: Well, even if the old Qin people use muskets, they still have to use copper parts. The bronze affairs of Yunnan-Guizhou State are half-truths and half-falsehoods, so let's attach them. Jinning, near Dianchi Lake and the capital of the grandson of Zhuang Yi in later generations, is indeed the largest phosphate mineral area. The ancient Dian bronze ware is phosphorus, which is also true. Of course, whether there are small elastic copper devices or not, that's the story. There is still a big difference between being usable and being easy to use. And the Lan Kingdom and the Yelang Kingdom were all destroyed, and when King Wu was defeated, the ancient Baipu had already participated in the destruction of the Chamber of Commerce Alliance, and the bronze smelting technology naturally existed. In addition, the exchange of civilizations in the Bronze Age was not as closed as imagined, and the Bashu people had long traded with India through the Yunnan-Guizhou region; The princes of the alliance destroyed the Shang, and the Yunnan, Guizhou, and Bashu regions could participate in the alliance, which shows that the Shang Dynasty could also catch people over there and bake them as sacrifices to the emperor. What Zhang Qian saw later in Daxia was really normal.

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