Chapter 456: Light Industry
Standing in the harbor, looking at the magnificent sea, although the harbor is built on the anti-wave ti, but there is no shelter at all, the unobstructed waves, still seem a little high, the waves hit the rocks little by little, and then turn into a piece of foam, always giving people a feeling of unreality.
Looking at it from another angle, there is no magnificence of the sea, but there is the greatness of manpower, in Zhao Xin's eyes, for nearly a year, he almost single-handedly controlled this desert island, and it became what it is now.
In the center of the city, a large number of functional buildings, there is even a feeling of returning to the modern city, if it is not for the costumes of the people coming and going, the strong Song Dynasty style, always feel like being in the industrial city of the 80s.
This is the result of a year, this is the result of the hard work of the working people, there is no advanced technology, compared to modern tools, just some simple gourd cranes and tower cranes, but more than 1 million hard workers, they built brick by brick Ding Navy, will not be worse than any city.
For any dynasty, the illiteracy rate in the Northern Song Dynasty has been so low that three or four percent of people can write simple daily language, know their own names, and even simply read books and newspapers, which is unimaginable in all dynasties, and the literary names of the Northern Song Dynasty are transmitted by these readers.
However, that refers to the entire Northern Song Dynasty, and even the vast majority of them, are families above the third class, and only those who have no worries about food and clothing will take into account their spiritual life and choose to read and write.
Among those who were able to come to the Ding Navy, some of them were family members of the Xiang Army, and the vast majority of them were refugees, and among these people, how many were third-class households, and even if there were, how many were literate.
In order to popularize literacy, Zhao Xin has done all his best, first of all, craftsmen, some researchers, where must be mandatory literacy, dictionaries, pinyin, all things that can be added, have been added to it, and under unremitting efforts and rewards, the literacy rate of the entire Dinghai Navy has been continuously improved.
But this is not enough, Zhao Xin is very clear, the power brought by knowledge, there is more knowledge to have more foundation, faster development, there is no doubt about this, even now, the development of the Dinghai Navy to such an extent, but everything in the entire Dinghai Navy needs Zhao Xin to lead, this is the relationship between the illiterate and the many, there are not many talents under his hands.
However, the Song Dynasty in the 11th century was able to develop all of a sudden, and the achievements of the Dinghai Navy were already amazing, and there was no need to speed up anymore.
Standing in the harbor, listening to the sea breeze, under the premise of no one disturbing, silently thinking about the development of the entire Ding Navy, Zhao Xin is no longer a person, the bigger the plate of the Ding Navy, the greater the responsibility on his body, he can't guarantee that he will not make any mistakes, it is almost impossible to do, not to mention anything else, similar to the catastrophe of the steel mill, it is not within the reach of manpower, he can only reduce the extent of these mistakes as much as possible.
The past does not forget the division of the future, in the countless small problems that have arisen, to prevent the slightest, and finally form a system, this system in the process of continuous improvement and development, is the root cause of everything to change, and now, the Dinghai Navy has just hit the road.
Zhao Xin studied history, although he mainly studied Song history, but Song history was determined after graduate school, whether it was in middle school history, undergraduate history, or even part of the graduate studies, he was involved in Chinese and world history.
In essence, he should be regarded as an angry young man, otherwise, he would not do his own work, but study what longbow, which can no longer be described as a hobby.
Whether it is reading books on the Internet or some sudden fantasies, they are all based on the party, and what they pay attention to is justified and well-founded.
Now the development of the Ding Navy has reached a considerable extent, and it can be said that even in the 21st century, before China's reform and opening up, it is rare to be able to compare with the Ding Navy in terms of output value and potential.
Not to mention anything else, to a steel complex with an annual output of 2.2 million tons, it was an unimaginable thing for China before the 80s, where knowledge was already secondary, and technology and formula were the most important.
Zhao Xin even has reason to believe that among the secret recipes of catalysts currently mastered by steelmakers, there are even some that later generations have not mastered.
This is a bit fantastical for an ordinary tech tree, but it's really not strange for a tech tree with some special materials.
There are countless kinds of compounds in nature, even if they are natural compounds, there are thousands of them, not to mention the 21st century, even in the 32nd century, no one dares to say that they have all figured out its efficacy, and it is used in ironmaking, and it is even more innumerable.
Modern science and technology are more precise and theoretical, but they are completely different concepts from ancient times, and dare to add anything to it.
In the middle, I have to say that ironmaking is a very good catalyst, its effect can shorten the ironmaking time by more than 7 percent, and improve the grade of steel, the control of carbon is quite in place, basically, the amount of addition, and then with the time heat, you can train a good steel.
This catalyst, which has been gradually applied to all aspects of the ironworks, is, in fact, a blacksmith, I don't know where to get it, maybe it's a meteorite, maybe it's some fossil of some living thing, maybe it's just the remains of some living thing.
It makes sense to exist, under the premise that nature can no longer be found, how can future generations experiment, and even if Zhao Xin didn't have a card system, there would be no way to apply such a magical compound.
The magic of the card system, I haven't figured it out until now, such a magical compound has also become the basis for the development of Ding Haijun, which should have lagged behind in development, and waited until the capital accumulated, and then developed heavy industry, but instead became a fist industry.
Light industry in the entire industrial system, is the easiest to develop, and the most profitable industry, Zhao Xin is very clear, he also focuses on the adjustment, but the whole light industry, the textile industry can not be carried out under the premise that the light industry can not be compared with the heavy industry dominated by steel.
The strongest industrialized commodity, is not around the cloth, this has been proven by history, the British Industrial Revolution started with the steam engine, but the important symbol is the Jenny spinning machine and a series of textile industry reforms began.
The British and other colonists used countless commodities in the past, and even used glass balls in exchange for treasures in the hands of the natives in the former slave era.
Taking China as an example, after 1840, to about 1900, in 60 years, Britain from the beginning, can only rely on opium to eliminate the economic deficit, to later, with a large amount of cloth to occupy the entire Chinese market, so that hand-woven cloth no longer has too many markets, and from China to obtain a lot of profits, this is the development of industry and productivity.
Food, clothing, housing and transportation, which itself is a necessary need for people to live in this world, Chinese food is the best in the world, and developed countries cannot show this in industrialization, so clothing has become the focus.
Machine-made fabrics are not only low-cost, but also of much better quality than handmade, and the strength of grey fabrics is evident here.
Even if it is a poor person who does not cover his body, he must have one or two clothes that can be worn out, no matter how poor the family is, when it comes to the New Year, whether he has the ability or not, he must always have a thought to buy a few new clothes for the children.
No money not to mention, there is a little bit of before, eating is necessary, in addition to eating, the first choice, is clothes, this is the huge market of the textile industry.
Even poor countries, even backward countries, still need to wear clothes, and the huge difference between the cost and mechanism of manual work has become the profit of developed countries, and by 1900 the most, only Britain, will dump hundreds of millions of pieces of cloth every year, and this figure is ultimately a terrible number.
And industry, is to make profits on this, between the original cotton and cloth, the difference is huge, between silkworm cocoons and silk, the same, why there is such a huge profit, comes from the difficulty of weaving.
Silk aside, no matter how skilled a worker is, it is already very terrible to be able to weave a few inches a day, and the same is true for cloth, often a skilled woman, one piece of cloth a month is qualified.
At the cost of a worker for a month, the final output is a piece of cloth, and if the wage is not set at a certain level, it cannot be carried out at all, even if a woman does this in her leisure time to subsidize the family, if it is too cheap, no one will do it.
This profit is the charm of industrialization, from the Jenny spinning machine several times to increase the efficiency of spinning, to a series of improvements, from a spindle to multiple spindles, and then to machine propulsion, whimsy, in this aspect of the perfect show, in fact, in the era of rapid development of the British textile industry, a person is equivalent to 50, or even 100 craftsmen, is not difficult.
The charm of industrialization lies in this, when the production efficiency is greatly improved, in fact, the labor cost of individual products is reduced.
Just like before the Daimyo blacksmith workshop, the traditional Chinese blacksmith can make two or three products a day, which is already good, blacksmithing is a technical job, it is a scarce type of work, and they must get enough profit from the middle.
After the reform of the daimyo blacksmith's workshop, the production volume was greatly increased with assembly lines and some modern industrial ideas, and even if the various costs were still the same as before, the labor cost was actually reduced.
A person plays a farm tool a day, and a hundred, a thousand can be compared, life exists in this world, there must be a certain consumption, to survive, it is inevitable to obtain labor costs, if a woman, a month can accept an income of 500 Wen, a piece of cloth a month, the labor cost is 500, then a month 4 horses, considering the increase in workload, the income must be increased, to expand it to 1200 Wen, then the cost of a single piece of cloth is reduced to 300 Wen, reduced by 4 percent.
Industrialization, is not a few times the increase, that is dozens of times, hundreds of times the increase, so that the labor cost of each product, in fact, has been reduced to a very insignificant point.
This is also the source of Zhao Xin's guarantee of high wages, compared with the increase in other costs, the cost of market and logistics, and the labor cost in industrialized society, are already quite low, even if they are squeezed, it is impossible to get more, but it will cause contradictions.
Although it is said that in feudal society, under the premise that royal power is greater than everything, the method of suppression can be used, but how terrible it will be for workers who have been trained and have experience in modernization, Zhao Xin also knows that for the sake of small profits, it is better to solidify this in advance.
This is also one of the most fundamental ways to ease class contradictions since the Second World War, and in fact, it has proved to be an excellent practice.
Zhao Xin believes that under the inherent concept of feudal society, coupled with his early intervention, to a certain extent, to increase the labor remuneration of workers, the possibility of class contradictions appearing is very low when the currency has not depreciated to a certain extent.
Even if it appears, under the intervention of the feudal royal power, it is easy to solve, not even development, first consider the problem of contradictions and destruction, which is a false proposition in itself, and now, Ding Haijun is still developing rapidly.
In the development of industry in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was almost certain that in order to get involved in the textile industry, it was impossible for him to give up the huge profits of light industry led by the textile industry.
But now there is a huge problem, which directly restricts his entry into the textile industry.
The problem of raw materials in the textile industry, through subdivision, is divided into silk textile, wool textile, cotton textile, and even hemp textile, but in the end, the choice of the whole world is cotton textile.
The excellent performance, low price, and plasticity of cotton fiber have made cotton cloth the mainstream of the whole world, whether it is the East or the West, whether it is white, yellow, or even black, they all agree on a kind of cloth, that is, cotton.
Silk is more recognized, but not popular enough, even in the 21st century, silk has entered some more high-end fields, rather than ordinary people's clothes.
China's silk is world-famous, and it has been the mainstream of maritime trade for thousands of years, which has been cultivated for thousands of years, but cotton textiles, for China in the 11th century, are really too abrupt, raw materials do not exist, so how to develop this textile industry.