Chapter 14 Building a Republican State New laws were promulgated

Although the organizing committee, which received the delegates before the meeting, had distributed a lot of materials to introduce various political systems to the people and introduced them, the delegates were still very eager to hear Zhang Zhimu's specific introduction of what the future country would look like.

Looking at the delegates listening with bated breath in the quiet venue, Zhang Zhimu felt very good in his heart, because it showed that the delegates still wanted to know what the new country was like.

Zhang Zhimu said: Our future country will adopt a presidential republican system. The republican system refers to the organ of power of the state and the form of political organization that is elected and has a certain term of office. In fact, the word republic comes from our "Historical Records. Zhou Benji》

In a presidential republic, the president is both the **** and the head of government.

In order to prevent excessive concentration of power in individuals or a certain sector from endangering the people's freedom, our future state should make the legislative, judicial, and administrative powers independent and check and balance each other.

We need to formulate a constitution to establish that the legislature is the Senate and the House of Representatives, and there is a bicameral parliament. The executive branch is headed by the president, who is directly elected by the people, and consists of several executive branches.

Administrative:

The Government is made up of a number of executive branches and independent bodies established by law. The President is the head of state, the supreme executive of the government, and the supreme commander of the army, navy, and air force. The presidential and vice-presidential candidates are elected by popular bidding, and the vice president is automatically replaced by the vice president due to accidents during his term of office. Leaders of governments at all levels below the national level, provinces, prefectures, and counties are also elected by the people.

Judicature:

The judicial power of the state is vested in a supreme court, as well as subordinate courts that may be enacted and established by Congress at any time.

Supreme Court: The highest court of the country and the only court specially established by the Constitution, with an odd number of judges, a chief justice and several deputies.

The Constitution, which guarantees the independence of the judiciary, provides that State judges may serve for a period of good conduct, in effect until their death, retirement or resignation. Judges who break the law while in office are impeached like the president or other federal government officials, and state judges are appointed by the president and approved by the Senate.

Legislation:

The State delegates all legislative powers to the Senate, which is composed of two members from each province, and the House of Representatives, whose seats are determined by the number of people in each province, and one for every 500,000 people, but at least one for each province.

The legislative, executive, and judicial powers are respectively held by the National Assembly, the President, and the courts. Congress has legislative power, and the president has the right to veto bills passed by Congress, and Congress has the right to override the president's veto under certain conditions; The President has the power to appoint senior officials, subject to the approval of Congress, which has the power to impeach the President and senior civil servants in accordance with the law; Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress, which in turn may invalidate laws passed by Congress on the grounds that they are unconstitutional.

Zhang Zhimu's report has a lot of content, plus supplementary explanations, and it is very long. However, Zhang Zhimu was worried that everyone would be bored and tired, and the phenomenon of not listening did not appear. Although Zhang Zhimu's speeches were printed and distributed to everyone, some people still took notes on the speeches.

After Zhang Zhimu's report, Emperor Chongzhen made a brief report. He also explained the reasons why the successive dynasties did not solve the problem of the change of dynasties and the corruption of officials, and explained the various shortcomings of the current dynasty, and finally concluded that he supported the construction of a democratic, prosperous and strong country.

The conference was broadcast live on television and radio. In the whole country, especially in Yaogang, many people stopped their work and listened to and watched the live broadcast of the conference. Government agencies and units at all levels in Yaogang have organized listening and watching. Universities have also closed classes to listen to and watch the conference live. Yaogang Square broadcast the live broadcast on loudspeakers, and many teahouses and restaurants stopped playing music to play the live of the conference.

Zhang Zhimu's morning report in this ancient country caused an unprecedented shock.

It should be said that the repercussions are different, and many people can't accept that there will be no emperor in the future. In fact, it's no wonder that after thousands of years of being in charge of the emperor, it is not comfortable to be without the emperor all of a sudden. In the previous life, the reason why ** was able to make trouble to that point was also due to the factors of listening to the emperor in everyone's hearts.

In the afternoon, it was the time for the various delegates to discuss, and the giants of the kiln gang were scattered to the delegation to participate in the discussion.

Li Mao and Li Yan followed Zhang Zhimu and came to several delegations to participate in the discussion.

The discussion among the delegates was very lively, and due to different cultures and insights, many people's understanding of things was very different, and there were even a lot of jokes. But what makes Zhang Zhimu feel relieved is that everyone dares to speak up and can express their opinions.

When leaving the discussion site, Zhang Zhimu said to the two Li Gongzi: "It is the first time we have such a meeting, don't expect everyone to have a high level and understanding at once. We have this meeting today and we have started the discussion, which is our greatest progress, a decisive step. ”

Li Mao said: "Mr. Zhang, don't worry, I'm mentally prepared!" ”

Li Yan also said: "After listening to their discussions, I believe what you said even more, we still have a long way to go to build a new country." After tomorrow's report on constitutional work, the discussion may be more interesting! ”

Li Mao said: "That's not it, the report made by Mr. Zhang today is still general, and what you are doing is the terms to be implemented in the future, which involve the interests of specific things and specific people." There will be a lot of disagreement, you can imagine! ”

"We take the time to get people to fully discuss, and if we need to accept everyone's opinions, we will revise them. If the controversy is too great, we can vote if we can't do the work! Zhang Zhimu said, "It is also a big step forward for us to establish a democratic way of solving problems at this meeting." ”

The delegations' views on the discussions were quickly sorted out, printed out by computers overnight, and sent to the delegates the next day. The delegates were amazed at the speed. They knew that it was the result of the computer's help, and they asked to see the computer.

Many delegates had never heard of such a thing as a computer, and they were amazed to see that Chinese characters were typed into a computer, displayed on the screen, and then they could watch the typesetting be modified and then printed out on the computer!

What Li Yan did not expect was that his report on the work of the constitution did not arouse more discussion, perhaps the deputies did not realize what the constitution meant, but it was Yan Xing's report on the division of state administrative regions that aroused great interest among the deputies, and the discussion and even debate were very enthusiastic.

Regarding the Indochina Peninsula, Yan Xing introduced it as follows: Due to the geological conditions, the rivers of the Indochina Peninsula all run north-south, so the original countries there are also divided along the mountains and rivers, and the territory of each country is much longer and narrower, which is very unfavorable to exchange and governance. We decided to build two or three east-west railways and highways on the Indochina Peninsula to change the traffic conditions there, and at the same time divide them into two independent administrative regions from south to north, called Daonan Province and Daobei Province respectively. The part bordering the Mughal Empire is called Shannan Province because it is south of the Himayan Mountains.

In the north, it is bounded by the North Sea (Lake Baikal), in the north, and in the west, it is divided into three parts from the winter solstice of the Ula Mountains to the sea, and is divided into three parts by the Yenisei River and the Lena River, which are called Western Siberia, Central Siberia, and Eastern Siberia respectively, and the Mongolian steppe south of the North Sea, with the North Sea (Lake Baikal) as the boundary between east and west, and the Ob River in the west and the sea in the east are divided into Eastern Mongolia Province and West Mongolia Province.

In the west, from Jiayuguan to the west, to the line of Lake Balkhash and the Green Ridge (Pamir Plateau), it is divided into Xinjiang Province, and to the west is divided into Western Regions Province. Uszang was designated as an independent Tibet province.

The Japanese archipelago and Ryukyu are divided into the East China Sea Province (the name of Japan is not retained), the small Ryukyu (Taiwan) is under the jurisdiction of Fujian, and the island countries in the South Seas and Korea are willing to submit to us, and those who are willing to submit to us can be managed according to the federal system.

The original provinces divided by the Ming Dynasty were completely inconvenient.

This kind of thing is lively when it is discussed. Many people have written proposals calling for the complete annexation of the countries of the South Seas, and not to engage in any federalism to avoid future troubles, and for North Korea, many people have called for direct annexation. There are also military representatives who write a proposal calling for global unification, believing that with our current military strength, we can completely defeat the world without any opponents.

This is exactly what Zhang Zhimu is very worried about, this kind of ambition is the most important, the experience of his previous life tells Zhang Zhimu that no country and political force can accomplish such a thing, and it can't rule if it is defeated, that is to destroy the country. Without the state, there is no way for the world to manage and operate. The world also needs to balance the balance between countries.

Zhou Yuji expressed a different opinion on how to divide the administrative regions, saying that there is no problem in dividing the north into three Siberias, but each Siberia has a small population, and according to the provincial scale, even the administrative team that has been formed will be a great burden. It is advisable to take into account the peculiarities over there.

Many delegates saw the new map and proposed, asking for a new map for each delegate. Such a map, referring to a lot of the original old maps, plus the latest results of Shi Tao and his people to supplement the survey, printed color maps, very delicate and detailed. Delegates wanted a copy very badly. The offer was answered immediately, and each delegate was given a map tomorrow.

Zhang Zhimu knew that the printing house had ready-made printing plates, but because of the need to review the map, he did not print them in large quantities. Now that the deputies all wanted a copy, Zhang Zhimu told Editor-in-Chief Fan to immediately let the printing house print a batch of maps first, and if there were any corrections in the future, we would talk about the next edition.

The printing house worked overnight, and the next day, each delegate was given a map. With the map, the delegates are more motivated about the division of the area.

The delegates are truly the masters, and everyone feels that this feeling is very useful.

In fact, when the meeting went to study the national development plan, it entered the **, and these things can be understood by everyone, and they are also interested now.

Tang Jingyao made a report on inland river transportation, water conservancy projects, and river management planning. Duan Jingzhong made a report on highway and railway construction planning. Lu Bingyi made a report on the planning of science and technology education. Zhang Bengui, the "god hand", made a report on the medical and health work plan. Li Zongwei made a report on the work planning of maritime shipbuilding. Ouyang He made a report on the development plan of the army and military industry. Xiao Hongyu made a report on the development plan of radio, film and television cultural work.

These reports greatly shocked the delegates, and if these grand plans were realized, the whole country would be greatly changed. Even Emperor Chongzhen didn't expect that the Yaogang people had made such a majestic plan.

The bachelors Liu Jiantai and Fan Jingwen, who were sitting next to Emperor Chongzhen, were holding all kinds of beautifully printed report texts, and they didn't look at Emperor Chongzhen at all, because they were afraid of embarrassment. Since the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, there has never been such a detailed development plan, just trying to find a way to collect tax money from the people.

However, during the discussion after the meeting, the delegates still expressed their dissatisfaction with the cultural, educational and health plan. They feel that it is too slow for all counties and counties across the country to establish middle schools and county-level hospitals within five years. He also believes that the number of doctors and teachers trained by Yaogang every year for each county is still too small.

In 10 years, it will be too long for all school-age children to have time to study. They believe that there is no shortage of primary school teachers all over the country, even if there are no mathematics, physics and chemistry teachers here in Yaogang, they can also teach by teachers who can teach and write first, and then make up for mathematics, physics and chemistry courses if they have the conditions to do so, but if the time is delayed, the children will be delayed for a lifetime. They suggested that schools should now be built wherever they could.

Zhang Zhimu and the members of the organizing committee felt that they should accept the opinions of the deputies, and decided to allocate a part of the funds and immediately set about arranging specific people to do this, and at the same time asked officials at all levels to also pay attention to this matter. It is proposed that each school should provide a good lunch to its students. This lunch is also addressed as a focus.

Zhang Zhimu knows that many children are malnourished now, and he must ensure that the money allocated for children's lunches is really spent on the children, and that the nutrition of the students must be ensured. This matter should also be specially arranged and implemented. It's better to have milk, but if not, make milk powder for the children. Meat can be served with canned fish.

In addition, the deputies are not very satisfied with the county and township electrification plan, and believe that the plan needs to be accelerated. But this problem is too difficult, and Lu Bingyi specially explained. Because the situation is different in different places, those remote areas, places that do not have the conditions for electricity at present, will have to wait for a while.

The most controversial thing is that the deputies all hope that the roads and railways will be built in their localities as soon as possible, and for this reason, many deputies collectively write proposals and put forward demands.

Zhang Zhimu likes this atmosphere very much, of course, he can do as much as possible to be satisfied, and he can also give reasonable explanations if he can't do it. Zhang Zhimu believed that the elected deputies should fight for the interests of their own voters and should not be afraid of causing trouble to the government. That is a blasphemy against the name that represents it.

There is another thing that Zhang Zhimu did not expect, that is, many delegates found that Yaogang Square is a good place, and they came to Yaogang Square to discuss various things with the people there. There are all kinds of people from all over the country, and they are more willing to discuss various things with the delegates.

Zhang Zhimu felt from such a trivial matter that the deputies still really had a sense of democracy. In a country with thousands of years of feudal history, it is not easy to get to this point, and it is even more difficult to go further. No one was more satisfied with this meeting than Zhang Zhimu's.

The last item of the General Assembly was to discuss a number of laws that were to be formally promulgated.

Because there is a long transition process before the establishment of the republic, in this process, it is necessary to carry out legal management in the kiln gang governance area, which is also a step in the transition to the republic. Zhang Zhimu suggested that the organizing committee propose to discuss the appointment of Li Yan as the chief justice of the Yaogang Court, Yan Boju as the minister of public security in Yaogang, the director of the Supreme Police Bureau, and Chen Songnian, the former dean of the Yaogang Business and Trade Law College, as the chief procurator of the Supreme Procuratorate.

Chen Songnian was also an official of the Three Law Divisions of the Ming Dynasty, and was later assigned to the smelting field, and was also "bought" by Zhang Zhimu. He has done a very good job in the position of the dean of Yaogang Business and Trade College, and it is also recommended by Li Yan repeatedly. He was also involved in the drafting of Li Yan's law.

The appointment was voted on. This also means that the legal institutions of Yaogang have been established.

The law promulgated this time has a land law that prohibits the sale and purchase of land, and prohibits land annexation, whereby the land of the landlords is bought by the state and distributed to the peasants for cultivation.

The Marriage Act prohibits the sale and purchase of marriages, and the parties to the marriage must be completely willing to do so. Where there is forced marriage to be bought or sold, it is to be severely punished. Men and women are required to be at least 18 years of age for the man and 17 years of age for the woman. Marriage registration is required. After the establishment of the republic, monogamy should be strictly practiced. Bigamy is a felony.

Under the Religious Law, everyone has the right to freedom of belief, and no one is allowed to force others to believe in any religion, no religious believer, and no one is allowed to interfere with the freedom of religious belief of others. Any religion that exhorts people to do good deeds is legal and needs to be registered with the government. All religions that are hostile to the religion that does not believe in their religion and regard it as an enemy, and that persuade people to do evil, must be banned. All religions must be managed by China's own believers' organizations, and it is not allowed to accept the command of foreign religious organizations, and all religions that use religion to infiltrate and interfere with us must be completely eradicated no matter where they are. Establish a religious administration bureau to manage all religion-related affairs in the territory. It is recommended that all religions elect an autonomous management body for each religion and that the religious affairs bureau manage it in a unified manner. The government should provide appropriate financial support to legitimate religious management organizations. However, it does not interfere with the autonomous activities of religious organizations.

Li Yan: After full preparation, they have promulgated a series of laws, all of which are very targeted and timely.

The most important thing this time is the promulgation of the human rights law, which proposes that everyone is equal, that men and women are equal, and that all people who are 18 years old and have the right to vote and to stand for election are also prohibited. Everyone has freedom of expression. There is freedom of association and party building, and there is freedom of demonstration.

According to the suggestions of the deputies, a law school was set up in Yaogang to train more specialized legal talents.