The question of the right one, with the help of a paper roll and the ink that conveys the word, is passed on, and it attracts a long silence.

Silence means thinking, or rather being shaken.

Why are there states, kings, and decrees?

This is originally a question that does not need to be considered, and few people think about why, only to think that it is like eating and, as if whoever asks such a question has a problem in their head.

But when someone starts to think, it means that the world will be in chaos at this time.

Those who passed the word already knew the answer to the appropriate question, and what they wanted was for the more than 10,000 people present to take advantage of this opportunity to gather together to know the answer.

This is not the right three views.

But it was the only choice he could have to merge with the Ink Maker.

According to the appropriate idea, this is the standard historical idealism: the maintenance of the human spirit and the right to self-interest and innate nature determines the existence of the state; The state under this concept is not another definition that he espores.

But the times are like this, the ink is like this, and the only way he can make the ink accept and seamlessly integrate with the ink is this kind of choice.

Because the closest thing to the morality of the ink is the natural law of natural law, and the basis of the latter is the former.

The social contract is fictional, a fiction constructed in the light of historical idealism. But this fiction is the best medicine for the disintegration of aristocratic society.

According to the doctrine of natural law, there are about three characteristics.

Natural law is eternal and absolute, for example, heaven has given man the right to exist and property.

Human reason can know and discover natural law, rationally perceive everything in the world, and make judgments that are in line with the rights and interests of natural beings, and formulate standards.

Natural law is superior to customary law, aristocratic secret law, etc., and the latter is to be subordinated to the former. Habits aren't necessarily right.

And the doctrines of the Mo's Heavenly Will, such as the rules of heaven, can correspond seamlessly to these three.

Providence is eternal and absolute. For example, everyone is a minister of heaven, everyone is equal, and everyone benefits from each other, which is the foundation.

Tianzhishi can be recognized, discovered, summarized, and defined. For example, I understand the rules of heaven and craftsman.

The rules of Tianzhi should transcend some unreasonable habits and systems today. For example, Shang Xian, this is higher than the bloodline.

As a result, concepts such as "the agreement between the king and the ministers", "all people are equal because of the high and the low", and "the same is the world", which is as simple as pushing a boat along the river.

It's just that there are some things that he can't agree with, but since he has mixed in with the ink and wants to use the power of the ink person, he has to agree with it.

He brought out the theory of the Nine Paradises, and wanted to talk about the origin of "family, private ownership, and the state", but here it had to be changed to "the state is the best choice made by the people of the world to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages and avoid chaos".

Just because the latter can be closely linked to the concept of the Mo, there is no need to make too many changes, and it is easy to get the "unity of righteousness and benefit" of the Moji to agree, and solve the problem of the legitimacy of the Moist concept from the root.

The people here are those who are closed to themselves, their private interests, their personal willfulness, and at the same time the individual who is detached from the whole society, and on this basis, the social contract system is deduced.

This is a choice in line with the times, the Moshi and Yang Zhu, the sons of the hundred schools, have gone fast enough, if they take a bigger step, they will easily become crazy, and they will easily die faster.

It is not for nothing that Yang Zhu's doctrine that the right to life cannot be infringed upon at will died so quickly and was deleted without any existence; The doctrine of Mohism can only be found in "Daozang", and it is not for nothing that Confucianism has mixed up "Self-cultivation" and other highly toxic passages to confuse the original meaning.

Although it is righteous, it is not at the right time.

So I think it's better to be slower and finish this step first.

Those who delivered the message had already accepted this modified concept similar to the morality of the Mo, which they had always accepted, in the course of more than a month of study and debate, and all they had to do was to guide everyone to think in the direction that the Moji wanted.

The people present trusted the inkman for various reasons, and began to think about this problem, and under the guidance of those who intentionally reminded the inkman, a lawless and chaotic world slowly took shape in their minds.

They imagine it this way:

According to Mo Ji, there is no state, no law, no law, no coward, but everyone is selfish and self-seeking, so there is always war.

The strong can plunder everything from the weak, because looting is not wrong, and no one cares.

People are like wolves, fighting each other, without any restraint, the world is bound to be chaotic.

Nowadays, it is not right to kill people and rob other people's money and food after all, and sometimes the princes and nobles will also take care of this kind of thing. But if there is no kingdom and no law?

After a long silence, many people began to speak out, discussions began between the village community, and the inkman next to him was also adding fuel and vinegar to guide.

From silence to chaos, and from chaos to silence, the inkers who deliver the news convey the general ideas of each village community to Shi.

The suitability on the stage uses a static and one-sided attitude to explain the world, as if the social relations and social production in the primitive state of nature are the same as now.

The difference between human beings' inherent strength, weakness, intelligence and foolishness is not as good as that of an atomic civilization and a two-way foil, and in such a dark forest where the strength is not much different, a stable system will be produced to maintain the stability of the system.

After another silence in the audience, Shi said: "What you think is the same as what we think. Under that chaotic nature, people need to protect some things, and for these things, they form villages, towns, and countries. ”

"Protect what?"

"We are human beings, and because we are human beings, we must live, we must have our own private property, and we must be able to reproduce our own bloodline."

"It's like a cow eating grass and a wolf eating meat, there is no why, this is our nature and God's right."

If this is not the case, why does Heaven have people in this world? Since there is, then all these things that people should have are reasonable, and they are all what the Emperor of Heaven and the ghosts and gods are happy to see, and they are also what we should pursue and protect. ”

"If the Emperor of Heaven and the ghosts and gods are not happy to see people benefit, then why are people in the world willing to benefit? Or why do the emperors and ghosts make people in the world like this? Therefore, private property, life, and heirs are all rights given by the Emperor of Heaven to the people of the world. ”

"In order to protect this right of ours, we have chosen the most suitable method for the will of heaven, formed a nation, enacted laws, agreed on right and wrong, and determined good and evil, with the ultimate goal of benefiting everyone."

"It looks like we're losing something, but we're actually getting a lot of gains."

Zi Mozi once said: In the body, and the weight of the power is the right. Right, non-yes, non-non-yes, right, right. Cut off the finger to save the wrist, take the big in the benefit, and take the small in the harm. Take the small among the harms, not the harms, and the profits. ”

"He who takes the lesser of the harms is not to take harm, but to take profit."

"Everyone in the world has given up some of their freedoms and some of their rights, and it seems that this is a lack of profit. But because everyone gave up part of it, there was a law and a law, which actually protected everyone. This is to take the small among the harms, not to take the harm, and to take the profits. ”

"When a murderer dies, those who are cut off by betrayal will surely think, 'I killed people by my own ability, why should I die?' What qualifications do you have to sentence me to death? ”

"This question that seems to need to be answered has actually been answered at the moment of the establishment of the state: at the moment when the state was built, everyone handed over a part of the right to life to the law and the state, such as their own life after killing someone, so this is the qualification, and this is the reason."

"You give up this part of the profit, and you get the benefit that you will not be easy to kill. So isn't that the lesser of the worst? ”

"It's like a merchant's bamboo deed, except that it wasn't written, so that everybody thought it should be so."

"It's good that the Moji is doing righteousness in the land. But if there is no law, there is no right or wrong, and the Mohists do not do righteousness, but plunder your money and food, can you fight against it? Who of you can beat Luo Qianli on the stage just now? ”

"If that's the case, one day you'll think that you're going to die anyway, so it's better to get together and kill Luo Qianli. But what if you kill him, what if there is such a strong man behind him? ”

"Then you will come together and agree on right and wrong, and punishment, and decrees, and give a part of your own benefit, for the sake of long-term benefit, and at last the kingdom, the king, and the decree will gradually come into being, and the habit of obeying the king's decree will be formed, and you may not know what the ancestors made the kingdom for, but the habit of obedience is preserved. Isn't that so? ”

He preached aloud, in as simple and understandable words as possible, as mixed as with the truth of the inker, and as secretly as possible with a great trap: it was only a habit to obey the king, and what should he do if the king could not fulfill the purpose for which he had formed the kingdom?

It doesn't sound like a big rebellion, but Keshi has invisibly disintegrated the sanctity and naturalness of the monarch's power, and has paved out a path that tempts people to think and fight for their own selfish interests.

When the ink man talks about love, the starting point is profit; When the ink man talks about righteousness, the starting point is still profit.

The heavenly will of the apocalypse and the ghosts and gods hope for love and righteousness, and that is only an auxiliary; Worldly love is to get more love, and non-offense is to get more profit.

The Mo is very utilitarian, and the love of friendship, the righteousness and the unification of righteousness and benefit are the Mo people's concept of righteousness and benefit.

After all, the ink man deduced that he was both loving and non-attacking, so it was extremely smooth to say this among the ink people.

Contrary to his belief in the origin of private ownership and the state, private ownership as an immutable "right given by the emperor" leads people to define and think about the state, and all these inferences are based on this "right given by the emperor".

The law is an instrument of class rule, but here it has been tampered with to obliterate the universally applicable "public will" of class character, which is also in line with the era of private ownership, small peasants, and private small producers, whose "will" needs to be reflected.

The basis of this kind of public will is profit, more profit, the pursuit of advantage and the avoidance of disadvantage, and the choice of sacrificing small interests to obtain great benefits.

Just as the Moji first talked to the craftsmen in the Peiyi market about the "right of trade-offs" defined by the Moji, it is easy to be accepted by those handicrafts.

The first to accept this argument were the craftsmen of Peiyi who gathered here, and the villagers of Shangqiu Village, who were instilled with the private land system as a happy land at this time.

The truth is not difficult to understand, it is enough to shake the foundation of the world, but it doesn't seem so terrifying.

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PS：

I'm an electromechanical dog, and I don't want to write these things, and I know that this stuff is boring. The ink is the closest to these things, and at the same time the farthest: if this problem cannot be solved, it will be easy to merge with the Legalists, just like Qin Mo and the previous rebel ink. The Ming Order, the Strict Law, the Shiwu, the Zhulian, the Taylor Military Industry, etc., have removed the righteousness pursued by the ink practitioner itself, and the convergence with the Legalists is like a soup with rice and vegetables.

These speculative things are very boring, and I'm not good at it as an engineering student, but it's very important, and it's a matter of legitimacy for the uncrowned monarch to stand on. It can't be solved, even if it wins the world, it can't do better than the Great Qin Empire in history.

If it is not solved, Qi Chuyan, Han Zhao, Wei and Qin are all Huaxia, just enter Qin directly, why bother.

The undivided and unmodified Mo, who were close to the primitive idea of natural law, believed that man could deduce the legal morality that best suited his interests, and that this idea was the basis of rationalism and the power of God, and of course the source of the horror of Jacobin reason.

However, the Mohists' understanding and summary of science are empirical rather than rationalistic, but they follow the path of rational natural law in the humanities.

At the same time, the unity of righteousness and interest of the Mohists is a bit like Bentham's "utilitarianism".

Of course, there are limitations of the times.