In July 1884, when the book-eating maniac of the library, who was buried in the sea of books, finally stopped staying in the library and chewed books, it was not because he suddenly realized that he needed to combine work and rest, but because the college was on vacation. Kiel had a holiday in early July and a start of school in early August, but Jochen had more than half a month's holiday. Well, go home and squat in the study and continue to nibble on the book...... Of course, this is impossible, and Princess Victoria, who has not seen her son for almost a year, will never let her son continue to be a bookworm as soon as he comes home.

When Jochen, who was carrying a seaman's bag and wearing a crisp black cadet uniform, stood in front of his parents, Princess Victoria was very happy to see her changed son.

Jochen put the seaman's bag at his feet and stepped forward to gently hug his mother: "Mom, I'm back." ”

Princess Victoria smiled and hugged her son in the same way: "Welcome back." ”

Then Jochen walked up to his father and stood tall: "Father, I'm back." ”

Crown Prince Frederick patted his son on the shoulder: "Although it is thin and dark, it is taller, stronger, and mature, which is good." I heard that you are excellent, diligent and studious, and have excellent grades. Very good. During this time, you can rest at home and spend more time with your mother, who misses you very much. ”

"Yes, father."

But even though it's a good rest, Jochen's habitual routine doesn't really make him completely idle, take a lazy nap in the morning, wake up and have a big meal that is both breakfast and lunch, and then lazily bask in the sun, and then drink afternoon tea. Then kill time to have dinner, then go for a walk to digest your food, then accompany your mother to the opera, come back and have a late night snack and go to bed? This kind of life was a paradise for Jochen in his previous life, but now he didn't even bother to think about it, he didn't have enough time, even if he wanted to relax, he couldn't waste time like this.

Therefore, Jochen still wakes up early to exercise, and then goes to his father's side in the morning to increase his knowledge, and now that Yochen is 16 years old, it is considered to be early learning to be exposed to some imperial administrative matters with his father. I read a book in the afternoon, and then I have some more collections and materials in my storeroom, and I want to appreciate it, and it seems that there are still people to take care of it during my school time. In the evening, the family had dinner and then chatted with the mother. Days like this were easy for Jochen.

Crown Prince Frederick's office had a variety of texts, and while studying by his father's side, Jochen was also reading a lot of them, so as to learn more about the situation, which was conducive to his grasp of the current situation. However, a summary of intelligence on France caught Jochen's attention. Because there is such a clause in it: France has developed a new type of gunpowder, which is called "type B gunpowder". This piece of information is inconspicuous in a large body of political, economic, and military intelligence about France. But Jochen understood what he stood for - smokeless propellants! The history of human weapons development will enter a new era!

Now the black used by various countries. Gunpowder propellant, because the propulsion power is insufficient after combustion, so in order to increase the range of the bullet, it can only increase the black . The charge of gunpowder, so without exception, the bullet is huge, such as the 11.15×60R bullet used in Germany, the whole bullet is 78 mm long, the cartridge case is 60.35 mm long, the maximum diameter of the cartridge case is 13.10 mm, and the diameter of the bottom edge reaches 15 mm. Such a large bullet is not very ideal for use, nor carrying, and black. The inadequate combustion of gunpowder led to the smoke of the muzzle after the shot, which affected the shooter's aiming.

So look for black. The work on the substitute for gunpowder has never stopped, and in the 19th century, Europeans were always racking their brains to create a propulsion fuel that could blow themselves up to the moon, and the French chemists Henri Blackno and Théofler J. Peloz obtained and confirmed a flammable and explosive material, nitrocellulose, in 1832 and 1838 respectively.

In 1846, the German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbaiton guò Shiyàn (or accident?) It was found that the treatment of cotton with nitric acid can produce a strong chemical reaction, and after repeated confirmation and improvement of the real process, nitrocellulose with preliminary practical value was born.

The emergence of cotton wool once again set off a small wave in modern military history, and people began to work the application of this material. The idea is very good, but the cotton does not agree, this material is too unstable dìng, in terms of sensitivity, it can be said to be another form of nitrification. Glycerol. As a result, the application of cotton wool has reached an impasse.

Finally, the advent of type B gunpowder marked the application of fire wool as a reality, and the first smokeless propellant in human history would dislike the great wave of military technological reform.

It is precisely because he understands the importance of smokeless gunpowder that Jochen is so unhappy. As early as 1878, he reminded us to pay attention to the research on the application of cotton wool, and now five years have passed, and the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences has not made any progress at all. As a result, the French were the first to figure it out.

Of course, Jochen understands that smokeless gunpowder was certainly not invented by some fool who drank a bottle of stuffy wine and dreamed about it, nor did it come out of the alchemy furnace by accident, and the research on cotton wool throughout Europe has been going on for 38 years, and it is only now that it has blossomed and borne fruit, and the natural difficulty can be imagined.

But it's one thing to understand, it's another thing to be able to accept it, the French were the first to discover nitrocellulose, but they didn't make an effort to make this achievement more practical, and as a result, the Germans preempted it, it seems that this should be another curse of the French "the front wave is beaten to death by the back wave"? But the Germans lost in the next research, and Paul Marie Eugène Viele once again overtook the Germans to develop Type B gunpowder, which is considered a cycle of karma?

Of course, it is not a big deal for the French to have smokeless gunpowder first, although smokeless gunpowder quickly entered practical use under the attention of the French authorities, which gave birth to a new 8×50 round-head bullet, that is, 8×50mm RLebelBalleM, and let the French proudly have the world's first smokeless propellant rifle - Lebel MLE1886 rifle.

But it's not a big deal. In order to maintain a technological lead over Germany, the Lebel MLE1886 rifle was actually a hastily put into production. Although new ammunition was used, the design of the gun was old-fashioned. So while Lebel did surprise the Germans in 1887 when MLE1886 first entered service, you can imagine a neighbor who had been beaten up by you suddenly standing in front of his house with a big knife. But the good times didn't last long, as mentioned earlier, the French have a tradition of "the front wave is beaten to death by the back wave". With the spread of smokeless propellants, new firearms were developed in various countries, so that history eventually remembered only Mauser, Lee Enfield, Mossinagan and Springfield.

And the French themselves are not bad at pit themselves, although in order to ensure that their secrets are not known to the Germans, Vielle originally took his own name and called the invention of gunpowder "PoudreV", in order to confuse German spies and changed it to "Poudre B", but this "B" is by no means without origin, the "B" at the beginning of Type B gunpowder refers to General Georges Ernst Jean-Marie Blange, who was then the French Minister of War. However, within a few months of the Germans being frightened by the Lebel MLE1886, a French deserter fled to Germany with his Lebel rifle and a small number of smokeless gunpowder bullets and sold his weapon to the German government for 20,000 marks. So Jochen was not worried that Germany would be thrown too far behind in the field of smokeless gunpowder. But he has his own plans.

After much thought, Jochen finally decided that it was better for him to intervene. So he took this document and asked Crown Prince Frederick: "Father, have you noticed the type B gunpowder mentioned in this document?" ”

"What's the matter, what attracts you to this gunpowder?" Crown Prince Frederick was very interested in his son's sensitivity to new technology, and his son had discovered something.

"Father, I suspect that this is a new type of propellant, a propellant that surpasses the performance of black powder." Yochen hesitated for a moment, then gritted his teeth and said, "I guess it's most likely a cotton propellant." ”

Crown Prince Frederick naturally understood what a new propellant represented, but why his son was so sure that it was a propellant was very curious: "Why do you think so? ”

"Because it was too much of a coincidence, the French created a new department called the Small Arms Assessment Commission. The establishment of this committee obviously means that the French may have new light weapons, but we are very clear that at present the French are still using the Glass rifle as a benchmark for continuous improvement, and if the technical progress of the gun itself is not great, it is most likely the progress of the bullet. Moreover, the article mentions that the annoying far-right Minister of War (Note 1) was extremely concerned about this gunpowder. Then it means that the performance of this gunpowder must also be very good. So I think it's very likely that this is a new type of propellant. And to be honest, black. The potential of gunpowder has been almost tapped, and there is very little room for improvement. Therefore I think this gunpowder must be different from black. A new type of propellant of gunpowder, then the most likely is fire cotton. ”

"Jochen, I can understand what a new propellant can bring. But your conjecture alone is hard to get us to really do anything. ”

"I didn't think it through, father, but if it really was smokeless gunpowder, then it would bring about a great wave of weapons innovation, I had this hunch. In the end, our own progress is too slow, and I said five years ago that we should pay close attention to the research of cotton wool, but there is no news at all. If the French really have a new type of propellant, then we will face a great threat from the French. Actually, there was no threat other than being taken aback, but Johendang said as much as he could.

Crown Prince Frederick thought for a while, although he still felt that his son's guess was a bit of a fuss, but if it was true, it couldn't be ignored, and it was not difficult to let the intelligence officers pay more attention to it, and finally nodded: "Okay, I'll let people pay more attention to it." Hopefully, your judgment is correct. ”

"Thank you, father."

Note 1: Blanger was the most famous French far-right leader of the late 19th century, born in 1837, who was active in the Franco-Prussian War and the encirclement of the Paris Commune. During his tenure as Minister of War, he constantly encouraged France to take revenge for the humiliation of the Franco-Prussian War, was dismissed from office in 1887 for trying to provoke the Second Franco-German Crisis, and was simply expelled from the army in March 1888. He was discredited in France and committed suicide in Brussels in 1891.

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