Chapter Fifty-Eight: The Truth and the Source (1)
A few days later, before the momentous gathering of the Mo family, Shi's reputation spread among the Mo people once again, as it had been a month ago.
The last time it was preached, it was because he was not a Mo, but he was doing the righteousness of the Moji alone.
This time, it spread all over because of the wheat flour incident that caused a sensation in Shangqiu City.
Most of the conversations between the ink writers in the past few days have begun like this.
"Two hundred and twenty gold!"
In just a few days, the merchants who were just in Shangqiu City brought an income of two hundred and twenty gold to the Mo people, and they were neither unrighteous nor cunning, but only sold their knowledge for money.
A suitable saying began to circulate among the ink scholars: Xiao Tianzhi has power and money.
The application of practical actions has practiced this sentence and verified this sentence.
Mozi said that this matter is suitable for the first merit with the city dolphin, but there is nothing to reward, since you are willing to do righteousness, then help you do righteousness.
Two hundred and twenty gold, which seems to be a lot, is enough for these ink artists to be happy. It's not just a matter of money, it's just that the righteous method can really be implemented according to the kind of righteousness that is appropriate, not just a fantasy.
Two hundred and twenty gold, in fact, is not much, compared to the few big cities that have absorbed wealth in recent years, the benefits that can be obtained are not much, and the price of gold at this time is really a little ...... At a loss.
At this time, copper was used in the war, and the grain production was not much, and the amount included in circulation was not much, excluding the farmers' food and taxes.
Gold, as a precious metal and ceremonial metal, is somewhat unbalanced with the price of grain, not the price of gold in later feudal dynasties, much lower, so low that it is difficult to imagine.
If it is calculated in terms of grain, it will also have to exchange all kinds of strange weights and measures.
It has not yet been unified, weights and measures are very confusing, and copper coins are not the same everywhere. In places such as Qilu, Song and other places, there are more than 20 kinds of weights and measures. In these three countries alone, there are five types: Quatile, Quatile, Hexadecimal, Octadecimal, and Decimal, and there are various permutations and combinations of these five.
If it is only a base system like 444, 10 and 10, it is even more odious that there are 444 and 60 such strange base systems.
In the Qi country, which is rich in gold and has the highest purchasing power and a little normal weights and measures, one bell is one hundred and ninety-three liters, which is equivalent to about four hundred catties of grain.
In other words, one piece of gold can be exchanged for four thousand catties of grain.
The seventy gold in the hands of the city Jia Dolphin also seems amazing, but it is actually nothing. Three or four hundred ink people can share 700 catties of grain per person, which is enough for these people to eat for two years - if there is no rest of the income in these two years, Mozi will have to sell the chariots and horses that pull bamboo slips, and then take the ink people to make wheels and carriages to make money.
It is certain that with the development of agriculture, the exchange price of gold and grain will be higher and higher, but at this time, gold is really not valuable, and one gold can be exchanged for three or four thousand small coins, and even less for about forty grams of knife coins in Qi country.
However, in the prosperous era of the feudal dynasty where cattle ploughed and cultivated ridges, there was no famine, and it was almost impossible to exchange 20 taels of gold for 4,000 catties of grain.
But this is the reality at this time, the cruel reality of the scarcity of agricultural production. Until the large-scale promotion of iron tools and winter wheat in the Han Dynasty, the price of one mu and one gold of anointed soil was also recorded in the Han books.
Four thousand catties of grain, and four thousand catties of grain that can be exchanged in the market, are definitely not the same concept, and they are far from the same.
A family of nine can produce five or six thousand catties of grain a year, but after removing food and taxes, the remaining is only one or two hundred catties, and they have to deal with being conscripted or natural disasters.
The remaining two hundred catties are the goods that can be used for exchange with gold and market circulation, and it is the origin of the exchange economy. The five or six thousand catties harvested in the autumn cannot be counted in the exchange at all.
In Shi's view, this not only shows the low level of agricultural productivity at this time, but also reflects the superb level of gold smelting at this time.
Since it is an equivalent, it is impossible not to measure the average labor time in it, even if the gold diggers are slaves, and they need to eat and drink.
4,000 catties of grain requires six light and strong laborers plus 100 acres of land for a year's labor. In other words, each light laborer who digs for gold needs to dig at least four taels of gold a year to be profitable, otherwise the nobles would rather use these slaves for cultivation and cultivation.
In the past six months, I have compared the prices of various general equivalents, and I have a rough calculation in my heart.
He is not the kind of person who borrows money to do good, let alone the kind of person who doesn't care about the gains and losses, but the things he buys with money are not what ordinary people are willing to spend money on.
According to the equivalent at this time, even if there is a gold mine in Pengcheng, it has no mining value at this time, and it will only lose money.
According to the current price of linen cloth for eight to ten yuan, a bad money is about one pound of grain, so that a woman who wants to achieve independent status needs to weave at least thirty feet of linen every year to ensure that she will not starve to death and have clothes to wear, so that she no longer needs to be dependent on the land.
At this time, spinning hemp needs to be a one-stop from soaking hemp, tearing skin, kneading down to weaving, and it is difficult for ordinary women to spin 30 feet of cloth, and their status in the village community will not be too high.
If cotton is promoted in Peidi, the method of collective ginning and rubbing and weaving separately will be adopted.
Excluding the premium caused by the novelty of cotton cloth and the reduction in food prices due to innovations in agriculture and cultivation techniques, a woman could have an independent economic status by weaving only 40 feet of cotton cloth a year, and being able to spin 45 feet of cotton cloth would surpass the status of a family farmer at this time.
In the same way, if we can plant all kinds of new crops, promote ridge cattle farming, and increase the yield per mu, deducting the food consumed by each farmer every year, as long as each person can produce 500 catties of grain for market circulation, it is equivalent to each farmer can have five taels of gold left at this time.
How to calculate, at this time, it is cost-effective to exchange the means of grinding wheat flour for gold, buy ploughing cattle and make reserves.
subcontracting spinning and weaving to earn the value of women's surplus labour; Let the farmers buy the cattle in installments in the form of metal money to cope with the deflation and rising prices of precious metals caused by increased productivity without the increase in metal money.
In this way, within a year, the total surplus wealth of Peidi will exceed the purchasing power of these golds at this time, and the wealth will be hidden for the people.
Within three years, they will be able to use covert means to receive the ink with interest, and everyone will clap their hands and praise the ink man for doing righteousness.
There are also some things that cannot be bought directly with money - the hearts of the people in Peidi, the economic emancipation of women, and the accompanying female teachers to support the training needs of grassroots officials who have successfully rebelled more than ten years later.
This is not counting the profiteering industries such as iron ore mining and glass bead luxury goods after the people's hearts have been retracted.
Therefore, although the money from the sale is not much in Shi's opinion, and in Shijia's opinion, if he sells wheat flour in ten years, he can make more money, but Shi still feels that this is a long-term business that can be satisfied in the long run.
What's more, the recognition and appreciation of the Mozi in front of him, as well as Mozi's recognition of his own ability.
His righteous heart and understanding of Tianzhi have been shown to Mozi in the village community, and what he needs now is to show his ability one after another, especially the display of organizational ability.
This recognition made it no longer a single person among the inkers, but a small institution called the Records Office.
He complained to Mozi for the simple reason for setting up the Records Office: to record the righteousness of the Mohists and the discussions on weekdays, a large number of bamboo slips were needed. At present, there is no time to make straw silk, but it will not take long, so it can be directly recorded with bamboo chips that do not need to be killed and insecticidal, and it will soon be copied to the straw silk.
But even if there is no need to kill and remove insects, the peeling, numbering, and finishing of bamboo slips cannot be completed by one person, so some additional manpower is needed.
This reason is very good, and Mozi also agreed to the request of the appropriate one because he wanted to solve many problems in the upcoming gathering of ink scholars.
As the secretary of the ink master, there were finally three or four "soldiers" under his hands, and the organization called the Records Office was officially established.
Lu Hua and Six Fingers were the first batch of people in the bookkeeping office, as well as a young ink writer, and an older ink artist who recognized seal scripts.
The older ink master was responsible for reading out the classics and organizing them into official scripts, because he was illiterate, but he could write.
The younger ones are called Qi Sui, and the bamboo sliver craftsman of the industrial and commercial food official can also be called the Qi Sui of contempt.
The old one is called Xiaosheng, who was born with a smile when he was about to be born, and his family thought it was ominous, so he was not welcomed in the family. It must also be from a side branch nobleman, but he doesn't talk about his family, so he doesn't ask much.
These four people, plus the person in charge, there are a total of five people in the entire bookkeeping office, which can be regarded as the weakest organization in the entire Ink Scholar Organization.
That is, he doesn't care about money, he doesn't care about punishment, and he doesn't care about weapon manufacturing and defending the city, but Shi feels that this is a good start.
With the means to get money a few days ago, plus those simple breakfasts for the ink writers, he really took root among the ink people, and some people joked with him, calling him "secretary suitable".
He didn't care, but was willing to let people call it that.
After getting the money in Shangqiu, the noodle shop and tofu shop in Shangqiu City were all in the city, and it was appropriate to calm down and cut bamboo every day with the people in the bookstore.
There are not many words written on a page of bamboo slips, it is said that someone copied a copy of the "Compendium of Materia Medica" with bamboo slips, and half a catty of books was copied into bamboo slips and became 250 catties.
Fortunately, these temporary bamboo pieces do not need too many processes, just record them and wait for the paper to be copied onto the paper later, so it is not too slow, many of them are shoddy and cannot be stored for a long time, and even some of them are not even scraped with bamboo skin, and they are written directly in it when they are used.
He is very fast at making bamboo, and he can see that he is a veteran, and a piece of bamboo can be split and scraped in his hand in a moment.
Xiaosheng did it slowly, he had managed the classic bamboo slips, but he had not done anything specific about cutting bamboo.
When the five of them were working, Xiao Sheng asked, "Suitable, what kind of grass and trees are you talking about?" ”
Shi held a piece of bamboo in his hand, thought about how to describe it, and lowered his head and quickly cut the bamboo.
"Xiaosheng, you're so stupid. The silk of plants and trees, first of all, it is a kind of silk. It's like a white horse, first of all it's a horse, didn't the gentleman teach you? Haven't you seen a silk book? Of course, that's the case, you can write a lot of words on one sheet. It's just made of grass and trees, which is much cheaper than silk. Of course, the silk here is the silk of the silk book, not the silk for wearing, although the two are the same, but not the same. It's like a woodbird, it gets the name of the part that the bird can fly instead of eat, then you say the woodbird can ......"
Saying that these Mo disciples talked about things all day long, the work in their hands did not slow down at all, and they were still nagging there: "So this is a good thing." You don't know, it's easy to cut your hands when you cut bamboo. You see my hand is so fast, I don't know how many times I was cut when I was a child. In the future, it would be nice to have straw, and I don't have to cut bamboo. Yes, you should teach me that kind of official book, in the future, we don't need to cut bamboo in the bookstore, and I can do something......"
Xiaosheng only asked, and the contempt Qi Sui had already talked about the future.
Xiaosheng snorted helplessly, lowered his head and stopped talking, and said in his heart You are fortunate that you are not good at arguing, otherwise you would have a partner in arguing fifty-four.
Shi smiled and replied a few words, it seems that these people think that this book office is a place responsible for copying.
Of course, this is indeed the reality today. He thought, then borrow the phrase of the city dolphin...... I don't know. It is really unknown what this library will do in the future. Coming day, Fang Chang.