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There was no formal class on the first day of school. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

At noon, Chongwen Hall provided lunch, teachers and students ate very well, and Donggong still spent the capital to invite the meals made by the imperial kitchen.

The ordinary officials of Chongwen Hall eat together under the corridor, while Zhang Chao and those who have the title of bachelor also have a special dining room, and the dishes are also rich, and in winter, there are also pears to eat.

This is somewhat similar to the Zhongshu and Menxia Province in the palace. In the imperial city of the Tang Dynasty, there are Shangshu Province and Zhongshu, and the three provinces and six departments of the Imperial Palace, and there are also Menxia Province and Zhongshu Province around the Taiji Palace, the palace is called the inner province, and the imperial city is called the outer province. Introspection is to the effect that he is on duty in the palace in order to be ready to listen to the emperor's inquiries at any time.

The officials in the palace also have a working meal at noon, but the prime minister's lunch is very rich. The lunch of ordinary officials was called porch food because it was eaten under the porch outside the palace. Only the prime ministers eat in the hall, also known as the hall meal, and when the prime ministers eat at noon, they sometimes discuss some political affairs, so the ordinary officials dare not disturb them.

Zhang Chao is only a fifth-grade official, but in the Chongwen Pavilion, he also set up a shelf and pulled a group of bachelors to eat in the hall.

Even Zhang Chao booked a table for Fumanlou early, disgusted that the imperial chef in the palace couldn't stir-fry.

A group of Confucian celebrities, eating the first-class banquet noodles in Fumanlou, had a good impression of this young new boss. After all, this table is the pocket of the deputy hall owner himself, and the mouth of the cannibal is short.

Ma Zhou is a literary, and Zhang Chao takes care of him, and he has also become a bachelor. is also Zhang Chao's secretary, so he dined at the same table with Zhang Chao, and other Confucian scholars talked about scriptures and classics with Ma Zhou, but they also praised Ma Zhou's talent.

Only Zhang Chao, he will never talk about scriptures and meanings with these Confucians at the dinner table. On the contrary, Zhang Chao would look left and talk about him every time, and in the end, Zhang Chao simply came up with a killer feature, printing a book,

Sure enough, as soon as this killer feature came out, a group of old Confucians or middle-aged celebrities were all moved. These people have written books more or less, mainly commentaries on those classics, research on some articles, etc., in short, they are all classic academic papers, not miscellaneous novels and the like.

Of course, there are also people who have written a lot of poems and are willing to compile them into books.

Zhang Chao had a meal, but negotiated the publication of several books, and also negotiated several orders of custom printing business, and even Zhang Chao talked to this group of Confucian scholars about his idea of founding Chang'an Banyuetan, and as soon as he mentioned the manuscript, these people were willing to contribute to Chang'an Banyuetan.

Several of these famous Confucians, Zhang Chao has even promised to give them a special edition, on which they can serialize the explanation and commentary of the scriptures.

After a meal, although they didn't drink, these people were as if they had drunk.

With a red face full of red light, several seventy-year-old Confucians actually have a second spring. Zhang Chao is still a little worried, in case they are too excited and have a heart attack, it will not be good.

Zhang Chao found that it was really unpleasant to use a book to deal with these Confucian scholars, which made those directors as excited as those young models who said they wanted to invite her to make a movie.

No matter what kind of Confucian or celebrity, Zhang Chao only has one sentence, I will publish a book for you. Immediately, the great Confucian celebrity kissed Zhang Chao's smile for three points.

However, when a book is published and a book is published, the business still has to be done.

Zhang Chao gathered nearly 100 people from top to bottom of Chongwen Hall, ate and continued the meeting.

The meaning is very simple and clear, we must not only do a good job in studying, but also do a good job in compiling books. Zhang Chao gave everyone the first task, to compile a set of textbooks for primary school students.

After compiling this set of books, not only can these students of Chongwenguan Primary School be used, but can even be promoted to state and county government schools across the country. At that time, it not only fulfilled the teaching needs, but also took into account the responsibility of the Chongwen Museum to organize and compile books.

Many Confucian scholars still feel that they can't keep up with Zhang Chao's thinking, but Zhang Chao feels that this is very simple.

First of all, it is divided into subjects, and then it is divided into grades.

Each student should major in Chinese, arithmetic, calligraphy, and history, and elective in music, painting, and handicrafts.

The teaching objectives of Chinese are literacy, rhyme, reading comprehension, writing, and practical writing, and these goals are fundamentally divided into six stages according to the six grades, and then the textbooks are compiled. For example, literacy, you can learn the three-character classic, thousand-character text, and phonology, you can learn the Sui people's cut rhyme, or they can compile a set of phonological textbooks, such as learning common sense knowledge, you can also take the Han Dynasty's urgent chapter such a book to select.

In short, this is a different way of teaching, the original way is to read a book, first read a few Mongolian books, let you memorize the melon is ripe, and then explain a little bit, is the standard cramming education.

Read a few Mongolian books, know some words, and then may learn some arithmetic, and then may learn phonology, calligraphy, and writing, this is a relatively general and simple way of teaching, maybe the children in the same class, some of them learn fast, they may all learn Confucian classics, and those who learn slowly are still memorizing thousand-character texts.

Now Zhang Chao is asking to break this model, divide the grades into classes, try to make the children in a class at the same level, and then teach in a targeted manner.

It turns out that the Tang people may have read the thousand-character text and then slowly learned to write, but Zhang Chao's new model is to focus on student characters, and then learn the thousand-character text to understand the deep meanings of history, geography, philosophy and so on.

It's actually about making teaching easier.

To compile a set of such sixth-grade textbooks, Zhang Chao thinks it is quite easy.

It's like how many new words you learn in the first grade, how many addition and subtraction you can learn, how many simple historical stories you learn, and then how many basic calligraphy you learn.

According to these tasks, it is certainly not difficult to compile excerpts from some ancient Mongolian books, or some simple poems, etc., and finally compile them into a language book. This language book is a compulsory course, and then the books of the Three Character Classic, the Thousand Character Text, the Three Thousand Years of Upper and Lower Texts, and the Cut Rhyme can become elective courses.

A child of a few years old can recognize hundreds of words and write hundreds of words, isn't the teaching task of this Chinese class very satisfying? As for the three-character scripture and thousand-character texts, even if you really let them memorize them, it will be difficult for them to really understand the meaning, so it is better to do elective courses. As they work their way up, they learn more and of course learn more about many books.

"Select excerpts from various Mongolian studies and even classics to compile a Chinese textbook? What is different for each grade? ”

"That's it!"

"You have to set the syllabus for teaching, set the goals, and then teach. You can't just herd the sheep in the style of extensive management, and let them read it however they want, which is unacceptable. ”

"In order to ensure that our teaching objectives are achieved, we need to assign appropriate homework, increase exams, and find out the learning progress of students so that they can all keep up."

Teach students to read and write, and also teach phonology.

The current rhyme book still uses the "Cut Rhyme" made by Lu Fayan of the Sui Dynasty, which is the inheritance and summary of the rhyme book of the previous generation, and it is also the basis for the evolution of the rhyme book of the Tang and Song dynasties in later generations, which can be regarded as an epoch-making work in the history of rhyme books.

However, in Zhang Chao's view, this kind of rhyme book actually has many shortcomings.

Later, in the Song Dynasty, Guangyun was regarded as the culmination of this kind of book, with more than 20,000 words and nearly 200,000 annotated words, with more than 200 rhymes.

There are nearly 4,000 people who cut the rhyme, even those who cut the rhyme.

The rhyme book was very important to the ancient readers, because the rhyme book is the pronunciation of the words, and a rhyme book is equivalent to the pronunciation standard of the text. The rhyme books of the Sui and Tang dynasties were all based on the reading pronunciation of the Central Plains. However, although this Central Plains reading voice is also called Luoxiayin, it is not Luoyang dialect at this time.

It refers to the pronunciation of Luoyang in the Han and Jin dynasties, and later the Hu people were chaotic, and many northern scholars fled to the south, and the pronunciation of the northern speech was affected by the Hu Dynasty, and the scholars of the southern crossing at that time were influenced by the indigenous language of the south, and there were also changes.

During the Sui Dynasty, the book of cutting rhymes was revised to use the pronunciation of the language retained by some Nandu scholars in the Lin'an area, which is said to be the closest to the pronunciation of the previous Han and Wei dynasties.

Therefore, the pronunciation of the standard reading pronunciation of the cut rhyme book is actually very different from normal speaking, the Sui and Tang Guanzhong speaks the old Qin sound, and the Henan people speak the Luoyang dialect, but they are all very different from this Luoxia pronunciation.

Scholars and officials generally use this reading sound to communicate, and ordinary people really can't understand it.

It's a bit similar to later generations, those elites usually like to have a foreign accent in Chinese, or even a Chinese dialect in a foreign dialect, and ordinary people who don't read much really don't understand what they say.

Anyway, phonology is a very complicated thing, why do you have to memorize it in general teaching? Because it's too complicated, Meng Sheng doesn't understand it, so he simply doesn't explain, so he lets you parrot it, and when he is almost done, he will come to slowly rhyme at that time.

To put it bluntly, the rhyme book is actually equivalent to the pinyin of later generations, but at this time, most of them still use the reverse cut method, which is a new attention method created after the straight cut.

But to put it bluntly, it is to use two Chinese characters to spell together, pay attention to one word, cut the word to take the initials, and cut the words to take the finals and tones.

But there are also many disadvantages of reverse cutting, especially in the early Tang Dynasty at this time, the reverse cutting method is still very imperfect, and there are more shortcomings.

Zhang Chao thought, maybe he still has to improve the reverse cutting method?

Can be reversed to cut the phonetics, the limitations are very large, one is to reverse the cut of the upper and lower words will contain excess parts, there will be obstacles when spelling. The second is that there are too many words used in reverse cuts, which are difficult to master. Another is that there are some narrow rhymes, and I have to occasionally borrow words from other rhymes to cut off words, resulting in the problem of inaccurate pronunciation.

Improving the reverse cutting method,It seems that it is not as good as directly on the phonetic symbols or alphabet pinyin.。

In the Song Dynasty, when the reverse cut method was more perfect, it was also 30 initials, 36 letters, and the finals of the rhyme book were used as the finals.

However, if it is used in the phonetic symbols invented in Beiyang, it should be noted that there are only 37 symbols in total, 21 initials, 3 consonants, and 13 finals.

This is actually similar to the later alphabet pinyin, compared to the reverse cutting method, but it is much simpler.

After all, the most important purpose of the rhyme book is to phonetize the words, which is simple and accurate, which is the most important.

Oops,Why don't you use a good thing that is directly ready-made.,Instead, I want to use the primary version of the Sui Dynasty to cut the rhyme.,Use phonetic symbols.,But it's more accurate phonetic.。

Zhang Chao couldn't help but slap the table, and finally let the first-grade elementary school students of Chongwen Hall learn from the initials and finals!

However, is it to use the attention symbol, or Hanyu Pinyin? Both of them can spell out the Luoxia reading sound at this time, but it is a more unique symbol, and the other is the Ala alphabet, which one is better?

Zhang Chao sat there pondering. (To be continued.) )