Copper, as a casting material for money, was very important to the Northern Song Dynasty, but compared with money, grain was more important. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

Whether it is a feudal society or a modern society with developed science and technology, even if the focus is constantly changing, there is a basic point that grain is the most important issue and a problem that overrides all problems.

In the name of grain, all kinds of aphorisms abound, and grain is the entire dynasty must pay attention to, often close positions, this began to appear in the Warring States Period, has been stretching for thousands of years, this is the imperial court in order to stabilize the price of grain, made, and even every year will occupy an important aspect of local finance and central finance.

Only with grain can there be everything, there is food in the hands of the heart is not panicked, usually honest peasants, once they encounter a food problem, they will immediately become a terrible monster, most of the peasant wars and dynastic turmoil, most of them are driven by the food problem.

Grain has a characteristic, that is, it is not easy to preserve, after drying and other staple foods, at most it is stored for two or three years, in feudal society, there is no cold storage, no preservatives of food, they store for a shorter time, often close can not solve any problems, especially when the disastrous weather comes.

In northern China, the impact of the Xiaoice climate recorded in history is the demise of a unified Han nation, this climate, the impact is global, it is said that during the Song Dynasty, it also suffered from such a climate, but in the north, the North Sea froze, the temperature in the high latitudes was no longer suitable for human survival, and the nomads began to move south under the impetus of hunger and instinct.

However, this kind of climate, just a small Xiaoice, not a big glacier, not a global nature, can affect northern China is not bad, at least the tropics can not affect, if you can import grain from the outside, maybe, you can smoothly pass this stage, this disaster is an advantage.

The most obvious example is the Qing Dynasty, because the Xiaoice River pushed the Manchu Qing into the customs, after getting the Ming Dynasty's rivers and mountains, in the early Qing Dynasty, the Xiaoice River climate slowed down, disappeared, and the Qing Dynasty's expansion began.

Not every race has such an opportunity as the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the harsh climate of the Ming Dynasty is a huge brilliance for the entire Asian race, some of them are closed to the country, the weaker ones, and even the whole race is wiped out, blank a large area, and the Qing Dynasty occupies the essence of the Central Plains, and because of the advanced grain planting, faster recovery, under the growth of one another, coupled with the aggressiveness of the Manchu Qing, this contributed to the crazy expansion of the Manchu Qing.

Talking about these is a bit far, but it all proves the important role of food, really to the Xiaoice River period, as long as the Northern Song Dynasty stabilizes itself and blocks the attack of foreign races, once the Xiaoice River ends, the alien races that have been greatly affected cannot occupy this anointed land in eastern East Asia, then the time for their demise is not far away.

The maritime merchants are all human spirits, do they really not know the importance of food? In this era, those who dare to go to sea, who are not smart people, they also know that grain has a high profit, five times is the least, ten, or even a hundred times, it is also possible, this is a very profitable business, and it is also a business that has no shortage of buyers.

However, throughout the feudal dynasty, few maritime merchants transported grain, unless it was during a famine, but the information and timeliness of the maritime merchants often passed when the famine came.

In fact, one of the problems restricting grain is that the overall price is not high, taking the grain price of Bianliang in the Northern Song Dynasty as an example, even if it is the limit, 700 wen and one stone of rice is already a very high price, and if it soars by three or five times during famine or special periods, it cannot be called common, but can only be regarded as a special case.

Such a price, for 1000 materials of sea vessels, the total value is not high, 700 through, looks good, for ordinary maritime merchants, it is estimated that even the transportation cost is not enough, but 1000 materials are all loaded into copper, that is, 1000 stone of copper, this value is completely different, if it is 1000 materials of silver and 1000 materials of gold? That's even more terrifying.

This is the difference between the total value and the total profit, some products, the final value is not high, even if it is 10 times, 100 times, after deducting consumption, not only will not make money, but will lose money.

However, this situation will be accompanied by the rise of the tonnage of the ship, there will be changes, because the tonnage of the ship rises, representing the reduction of transportation costs, in later generations, 100,000 tons and 500,000 tons of ocean freighters, his single cost, single cost, should be above the ordinary 10,000-ton cargo ship, but the average cost per ton, is obviously reduced.

When the cost is reduced to a certain extent, when the total value increases, some goods that cannot be displayed can become the main products.

As long as the sea ship gradually develops, 2000 materials, 5000 materials, or even 10000 materials, the same, all put silver and gold, the value is higher, and the profit is more, which is certain, valuable products, valuable products with enhanced value, he will always be the first choice of maritime merchants.

But the surge in cost is unbearable, 2,000 tons of cargo ships, all loaded with gold, even in later generations, only a few countries, can afford such a huge amount of money, not to mention this era, 2,000 tons of copper, is a difficult task, let alone silver and gold.

When the total tonnage rises, the cost of a single trip and a single weight falls, under the details, it is still the most profitable food, yes, it is people who have to eat food, in some times, such as disasters or food shortages, the price of this food is higher, especially under the premise of continuous increase, 1000 materials, the whole ship is worth 700 yuan, but 200 materials is 1400 yuan, to 12000 materials, it may be close to 10,000 yuan, but what about paying?

Let's talk about the transportation cost first, as long as the ship is big enough, the amount of manpower is significantly reduced, a 200 material river boat, may use more than a dozen people, but 2000 material sea boats, the use of dozens of people, has not reached the degree of 10 times that of the river boat, two or three times is already terrible, 12,000 materials, or even 20,000 materials? More than 100 people, already a super sea ship.

Taking the Mayflower as an example, a ship with a displacement of 180 tons, that is, about 500 materials, the total number of sailors is only 25 people, the development of navigation, the emergence of more advanced ship types, the number of sailors is gradually reduced, especially the emergence of some unique machinery, a displacement of about 2000 tons, or even 4000 tons of ships, the use of sailors, absolutely no more than 100 people, so under the premise, it is equivalent to 200 materials of the ship, as long as one person.

People are the biggest investment, not to mention the life in exchange for the sea, labor costs, consumption along the way is the biggest expenditure of maritime merchants, of course, wind and waves and sinking, the same, but the larger the sea ship has a higher ability to resist wind and waves, but it is safer.

Under this premise, to find the right one, suitable for large-scale transportation of goods, grain will become the first choice.

In the south of the Yangtze River, the price of a stone of rice at the time of harvest may only be more than 100 wen, and it is even lower in other places, especially in the Indochina Peninsula and Southeast Asia, where Chinese products are very domineering, and the price may be pressed to dozens of wen, or even lower.

In terms of bulk products, profits and aggregates will make this maritime trade expand to a very terrible degree, and grain has the possibility of becoming this bulk transportation, but there is a tipping point.

This critical point is the volume of transportation and labor costs, the traditional Chinese Fu ship, after deducting the proportion of manpower and silence, in 2000 materials, have not reached the critical point, but the capsizing of Europe, may be about 100 tons, that is, more than 300 materials, has touched this critical point, the reason is the cost of transportation.

In fact, with the development of shipping, the world's most important commodities in shipping, is constantly changing, some luxury jewelry and elevated items, perhaps in terms of profits, quite terrible, but in fact, in the mainstream of shipping, can never be compared with real commodities, such as steel, iron ore and grain and wood products, the reason is very simple, demand determines everything,

I'm afraid that grain is really the most suitable thing, the profit margin is high, the sales volume does not have to worry, once the ship transportation exceeds a certain critical point, it must be the first choice.

Obtained from the outside, this is something that the entire feudal dynasty has never done, this is unexpected, the maritime merchants, it is impossible to come over with grain, and even the cost is not enough, and the Northern Song Dynasty did not realize that just a few miles away, there are big granaries, Indochina Peninsula, Southeast Asia, and even India!

Those close to the tropics, even with the influence of the Xiaoice climate, will not be terrible enough to be as bad as the north, and are the first choice base for resisting the terrible weather changes in the future.

digressed, ran away, Zhao Xin smiled bitterly, and really realized that the card can be shot, a white level 2 card, which directly makes Zhao Xin's future sea road more stable.

I have already considered that once he has obtained a stable stronghold, he will definitely open maritime trade and actively promote the Northern Song Dynasty to the sea, and the maritime trade controlled by others is not only easy to be stuck in the throat, but also easy to deviate.

For the Northern Song Dynasty, luxury goods and precious metals can play very little role, only copper, iron, grain, and population, which is the root cause of the Northern Song Dynasty's own strength, and only under the vision and control of Zhao Xin can promote the development of maritime merchants towards a good future.

A level 2 card, there are so many effects, or resident, but unfortunately there is not much effect, this resident card, can only be used as a ballast thing, before the opening of the harbor, there is no large-scale change in the design of the ship, this is destined to be hidden, but Zhao Xin is more confident in the subsequent extraction, white, or not suitable for the project, there is such a big improvement, so what about other colors, in case it is drawn to something related to the war, it will be helpful for the next Baozhou mutiny?