Simple latitude and longitude, or a simple sextant, for navigation, does not have much effect, but these are combined with nautical charts, do not have to be as before, even if you have nautical charts, you have to consider the error, only used in the precise position, in the non-stop virtual grid, filled with various coordinates, and finally form the most accurate map.

On the premise of a boundless sea, without any reference, you can measure the angle of some sun or starlight with the help of a fixed star or the angle of the sun, and then according to some formulas of longitude and latitude that have been summarized, the current latitude and longitude are calculated, and according to the distance between the latitude and longitude, you can calculate how much channel you have deviated from, how much distance you have from the destination, and how much distance you have left. That's where the sextant is scary.

Unlike the charts before the sextant, even if the chart has been repeated many times, with experienced navigators, they cannot accurately judge the location, and then determine how much they have deviated, as long as the error is greater than the visible range, it is easy to get lost.

For seafaring vessels with sextants, as long as the previously made charts are detailed enough, the error can even be accurate within 1 mile.

Perhaps for some aspects, the error of 1 mile, which is too huge to bear, visible for navigation, unless it is in an extremely harsh environment, the error of one mile, is accurate enough, with telescopes and various lookouts, plus some basic descriptions on the chart, unless encountering irresistible wind and waves, as long as the ship does not sink, even if it is lost in the storm, as long as the weather recovers, you can see the sun, or when the stars can be seen, you can determine the position, which is for navigation, I don't know how much the security performance has improved.

European sea ships, no watertight cabins, no lighting up the technology line is one thing, there is no need for this, but also a factor, once the wind and waves are lost, even if they are lucky to survive the storm, but as long as they are not lucky to be near the channel, then what awaits them will be the end of the world.

In the vast sea, there are no supplies, no supplies, and what awaits them will be death, and there will be no second outcome.

But for Zhao Xin, he has more choices, and he has made everything to the extreme, watertight warehouses from the East, some special combinations, and various nails and screws and the like, whether ancient or modern, are used in it, which constitutes a ship born out of the peak era of sails, but beyond the era of sails.

At present, among the largest docks in the Ding Navy, there are at least 4 ships, which are gradually taking shape, and these ships are under intense construction, but Zhao Xin still has not stopped.

The navy is not so easy to build, a hundred years of the navy, it is definitely not a joke, not to mention future generations, the navy will always be the entire army, the most technical equipment, the most talents in all aspects, even in the era of sails, the navy is also the highest technical content.

Different from land warfare, when the strength of the two sides is equal, the fight is to grasp the timing on the battlefield, but in the navy, strength and weakness are not the tonnage of the ship, the number of ships can be explained.

A ship with leading technology, one can do, and thousands of other ships can't beat such a one, unless it is fast, and escape immediately, if it can't even compare with the speed, then it will be even more miserable, and the faster and more powerful ship can easily send the other party to the bottom of the sea one by one.

It sounds a little emotional, but in fact, it is really the case, similar to Japan's giant in World War II, the Yamato, the largest battleship in the history of World War II, but it is behind the times.

In the face of carrier-based aircraft flying more than 100 kilometers away, the powerful artillery of the Yamato could not reach the other side at all, even if the Yamato had a strong hull and strong survivability, but in the face of the attack of at least 10 torpedoes and close to 10 aerial bombs, in the end, it had to sink.

This is the leading technology, and now the Ding Navy already has this leading technology, and the ships that surpass this era by 500 years can already crush other ships.

However, these ships are hardware, hardware is only the foundation of everything, in order to give full play to the power of the entire ship, software is the most important.

On the ship, what can really play a role is the crew, and the Chinese sailing ship with a hard sail is completely different from the soft sail era, there are many kinds of simple control of the sail.

Compared with hard sails, soft sails are very controllable, if there is not enough control, they will not be able to play the full effect of soft sails at all, and even spinnakers, which can sail against the wind, they also need to be at different angles to be able to play a role.

This perspective, in science, is a calculated data, but in practice, it is based on experience, under what kind of wind, and what standard is used.

If Zhao Xin is learning aerodynamics, then he will definitely be able to calculate the best angle through this spinnaker, and even in advanced mathematics, there are some formulas.

It's a pity that Zhao Xin is a scholar of literature after all, and he also studies history and professional things, and he really doesn't know much, so I'm afraid he can only explore them slowly through practice.

In the middle, the process of groping is different, the traditional groping is just a personal groping, plus a little experience, such a groping process will grow a lot.

Zhao Xin, a traverser, can only be regarded as a historical researcher and an archaeological researcher, but Ding Haijun's development in science and technology is changing with each passing day and developing extremely fast.

To put it bluntly, the card system and the knowledge of the traveler are only one aspect, and the most important thing is a question of research methods.

As a Ph.D. from Peking University, even in history and archaeology, I have seen a lot of things, and the research methods in the entire scientific system are similar.

This is a method that has been summed up through hundreds of years, or even after the era of advanced consulting, and this is the best research method that has been tested and summarized, and it may be a little cumbersome, but it will not be useless.

For example, the control of this spinnaker is to use scientific methods, not to let the seafarers themselves to manipulate and feel, but to use more scientific methods, for example, to abandon other conditions as much as possible, simply test in a range, refine the angle as much as possible, and summarize a basic law.

In this way, there are fewer conditions, the environment is simpler, and it is easier to discover general laws, even if some epoch-making formulas or theories cannot be summarized, but simply for manipulation, this is enough.

Using experience one by one, and then summing up a simple method of manipulation, and using some tools in these manipulation, these are all ways to get twice the result with half the effort.

In the Ding Navy, everything else is okay, but the rules are required from top to bottom, even the sailors on these sea ships.

The first ships, and now the entire transport fleet, were recruited from outside, but even for a few months, problems had already arisen.

What is a sailor, that is today, tomorrow will not, maybe at that time, a storm down, all gone, almost all of them are unruly, maybe in the eyes of the captain of this era, this is a representative of personality, a symbol of a good sailor, but in Zhao Xin's view, this is not good.

The ocean plan, for Zhao Xin, is the top priority, from the very beginning, it is based on militarization.

These current sailors, seamen, they have formed habits, and they are difficult to return, in this case, even if the Ding Navy has a higher salary and stronger rules, it is impossible to change too much.

If Zhao Xin just wants results, these skilled seafarers, they can also practice, but the navy is a very important project in the entire Ding Navy, and he can't and can't ignore it.

Then, from the very beginning, to start preparation, it has become the key, at present on the experimental ship, except for a small number of more obedient seafarers, almost all of them are novices, these modified sub-projects, almost all of them are controlled by these novices, the old seamen, in addition to teaching some simple experience in navigation, the rest of the sailing methods, almost all according to the sailing manual.

This is a bit abrupt, but it is also normal, these sails, all of them are soft sails, and the whole navigation, which is different from the Chinese-style sailing ships, those sailors get a good salary, and they don't have to study, of course they are willing, but in this process, the elite troops belonging to the Ding Navy have made the trip.

After seeing the tragic experience of the fishermen, Zhao Xin's first thought was to recruit fishermen, Ding Haijun is close to the sea, and the fishermen have natural benefits.

These fishermen themselves are on the seashore, and they are also very familiar with everything on the sea, and they have experienced the discipline of the Ding Navy with two birds with one stone, and as long as they grow up, they must be excellent navy.

In addition to the navy, Zhao Xin also started in other aspects, ocean voyages, the most important way to conquer the earth, Magellan's greatness lies in the fact that he started the world's first circumnavigation of the world, which not only proved the idea that the earth is round, but also made Magellan the first person to embrace the earth.

The sea is terrible, it is full of variables, even in the 21st century, with the support of advanced technology, shipwrecks happen from time to time, let alone in the 11th century, to conquer the sea, ships and measuring tools, of course, are the most important things, the same is true of the crew, but other aspects, does not mean that it is not important.

Zhao Xin actually did more than these, in navigation, aside from the charts, crews, ships, and more importantly, that is, supplies.

In the era when there was no steam power, supplies were simply food and water, and even in the 21st century, there were no fully autonomous ships, and the situation on the sea was unpredictable, even more difficult for people to handle, and the reliability of the machines was even worse.

If people want to live, water and food are inevitable elements, in the absence of food, may rely solely on water, can last for ten days and half a month, or even longer, mainly depending on the foundation of the body, but without water, at most seven days, these two points are very important.

Of course, Zhao Xin knew this, but he also made changes to food and water, such as food, in this era, the supply was mostly to choose something that was easy to keep for a long time, for example, some rice, flour, and others.

Sailing on the sea, even if it is offshore, it is normal not to dock for seven or eight days, and the ocean is sometimes not docked for one or two months, and it is not possible to choose to store it for a long time, so on the ocean, things are relatively simple.

But for Zhao Xin, there is no need to think about anything else, how to come conveniently, such as so, the staple food, mainly compressed biscuits, the use of some protein, carbohydrates, and other nutrients, through dehydration, and high-pressure processing, the production of things, a small piece of calories, is several times that of ordinary food.

This is useful in the army, and it is also useful at sea, a compressed biscuit, equivalent to 2 liters, or even more calories of food, will greatly save space.

For the vast sea, such preparation is indispensable, which can increase the amount of food carried.

Of course, compressed biscuits are compressed, it is water, compressed biscuits must be mixed with water every time you take them, otherwise, you can't eat them, and all dry compressed biscuits will be very uncomfortable to eat, but compared to food, water is easier to carry.

Not to mention, the sea ship itself has special water storage tanks, which can be used by the whole ship for a long time, and can also be loaded with a lot of water in the newly added water vault.

Boats are not just made, because most of the boats used are lighter than water, and wood can float on the water, but how to ensure the direction is a key.

The upright ship and the side-standing ship are completely different things, and even the fortune ships of the Chinese-style sailing ship have ballast, let alone a sail warship.

The reason why the sail warship is suitable for long-distance sailing, the streamlined hull is easier to break through the bow of the water, which is a key, but the depth of the draft is also the key.

It turned out that the ballast was all stones and the like, but when it came to Ding's navy, it changed to water, and when it went to sea, it was fresh water, and if it was used with more and more fresh water, it would not let him be empty, and it would be good to turn it into seawater.

It's just that in this way, the requirements for the hull are high, and the freshwater is good, but the seawater is very corrosive, and if you don't do a unique treatment, if the inside of the hull is corrupted, then there will be a problem.

This was a very difficult problem for the Northern Song Dynasty, but for Ding Haijun, it was really not a problem, either a glass container, or porcelain, or simply a large jar, in short, not letting the water touch the wood, it would solve the problem.