Chapter 11 The Sunset of the Long River Section 3 Chang'an is the capital of the Han Dynasty, and to rebuild Chang'an, in addition to restoring the imperial palace, the most important thing is to rebuild Sanyong Palace.

Sanyong is the Mingtang Piyong and the Lingtai, in the building it is called Sanyong Palace, but in fact there are only two buildings.

Mingtang Piyong is one building, but it contains the meaning of two building names, and Lingtai is another building.

The Ming Hall is the place where the emperor issued a decree, accepted the pilgrimage and sacrificed to the gods of heaven and earth and ancestors, and is the highest level of ceremonial architecture in the Han Dynasty.

Biyong is the circular ditch of the ring outside the Ming Hall, the ring water is Yong (meaning perfection), and the round image is Pi (Pi is Bi, the emperor's special jade ritual vessel), symbolizing the meaning of the perfection of the king's Taoism.

As for the Lingtai, it is a place to observe celestial phenomena. Sanyong represents the ritual system and is a symbolic building of the Han Dynasty, which is of great significance.

Last year, five ministers, Taiwei Xun You, Taifu Kong Rong, Xu Rong, the general of the right chariot, Dong Zhao, the master craftsman, and Zhao Jian, Jingzhao Yin, were instructed to plan the reconstruction of Chang'an.

After the end of the Battle of Luoyang this year, there were serious disagreements among the various parties in the imperial court over the reconstruction plan of the five ministers, and it was not until the return of the general Li Hong to the court in September that the proposal was finally confirmed and a decision was made.

In mid-October, at the urging of the eldest princess, Dong Zhao, the master craftsman, presented the reconstruction of the Sanyong Palace that had just been drawn to the imperial court.

The newly built Sanyong Palace is all imitation of Luoyang Sanyong Palace, and there is no change. The eldest princess, Prime Minister Cai Yong and other civil and military ministers circulated the patterns to each other, and they felt very satisfied.

After Shang Shu ordered Cui Yan to get the pattern, his face immediately changed. He beckoned to Xi Wei, who had already been promoted to the imperial history of Zhishu.

Xi Xuan walked up to Cui Yan and looked down carefully, and then discussed a few words with Cui Yan in a whisper. The eldest princess thought that there was something wrong with the Sanyong pattern, and hurriedly asked, "What is the opinion of the two adults?" Cui Yan bowed and said: "Your Highness, the minister thinks that the pattern of Sanyong Palace played by Lord Dong is not in line with the etiquette system of this dynasty at all. Cui Yan was probably a little excited, and his voice was very loud, and the sound shook the palace.

Suddenly, there was silence in the court, and everyone looked at Cui Yan in amazement. The eldest princess was very surprised, and did not speak for a long time.

Prime Minister Cai Yong snorted coldly and asked angrily, "Lord Cui, what is the reason?" What about your reasoning? Cui Yan was calm and calm, bowed down and played again,

"This dynasty inherited Tude and re-established the capital of Chang'an, so should these three Yongs conform to the 'ancient rites'?" Prime Minister Cai Yong seemed to have expected him to have this sentence a long time ago, and immediately refuted it,

"Since the revival of Emperor Guangwu, this dynasty has continued to use the 'present ceremony'. Does Master Choi think there's something wrong with 'Present Rite'? ”

"Of course." Cui Yan said,

"Zhou Li" and "Book of Filial Piety" say that Mingtang, the temple of King Wen. The Xia Hou family is called the world room, the Yin people are called the heavy house, and the Zhou people are called the Ming Hall. There are nine feasts in the east and west, seven feasts in the north and south, and one feast in the hall. Five rooms, two feasts in all rooms, covered with thatch. The Duke of Zhou enshrined King Wen in Mingtang to show God. It can be seen that Jianming Hall should conform to the 'ancient rites', and it should be five rooms, not nine rooms. As soon as Cui Yan finished saying this, the court suddenly scolded and was in chaos.

Taiwei Xun Yu refuted loudly,

"There is a saying in "Dai Li Says Shengde" that those who are bright have been in the hall since ancient times. Where there are nine rooms, four rooms and eight houses, a total of thirty-six households, seventy-two houses, with thatched houses, the upper circle and the lower ones, so the princes. There is water outside it, and its name is Piyong. There is also a saying in "Mingtang Yueling" that Mingtang is three zhang high, nine miles from east to west, seven feasts from north to south, lower than the upper circle, four halls and twelve rooms, four households and eight chambers, and its palace is three hundred steps, thirty miles in the suburbs. The various testaments of the ancestors are enough to prove that the Sanyong of this dynasty should conform to the 'present ceremony' and open up nine rooms, there is no doubt. Xi Wei immediately scoffed,

"Master Dai De is a doctor of the Emperor Xiaoxuan Dynasty, "The Great Dai Li Ji" is his selection of 85 Confucian treatises on etiquette, only more than 200 years ago, but "Zhou Li", "Filial Piety" What about? How many years ago? Is there still a debate about whether Mingtang is the fifth room or the ninth room? Li Wei strongly supported Cui Yan and Xi Wei, and he also said: "Master Zheng Xuan once said that the record of Mingtang in "Dai Li", although it is from the "Weide" chapter, it is said that Mingtang should be nine rooms, thirty-six households and seventy-two houses, but in fact, they are all taken from the "Spring and Autumn" made by Qin Xiang Lu Buwei, and it is not an ancient system. In addition, the lecture doctor Chun Yudeng once said that the Ming Hall is in the Yang of the country, three miles away, within seven miles, the land of Bingsi, the Yang position, the upper circle and the lower part, the eight windows and four Min, the palace of the government, so it is called the Ming Hall. Mingtang, Shengxiang, Zhou Gong enshrined King Wen in Mingtang, in order to match the god of God's five essences, and there are five emperors sitting in the court of Taiwei. Master Zheng Xuan agreed with Chun Yudeng's words, believing that this dynasty's Ming Hall Yu Bingsi came from this. The five rooms of Zhou Renming Hall are each the emperor's room, the number of the five elements, and the "Zhou Li" is the room according to the number, and the virtue is in the present. Therefore, the construction of Sanyong should be based on ancient rites, and the Ming Hall should be five rooms. The ministers soon split into two factions and quarreled in the court.

The general Li Hong returned to the mansion in a daze, and before he could sit down to drink saliva, the counselor Zhao Song came.

Since Zhao Song accompanied Xiao Tianzi on his personal expedition, he has had more and more contact with Li Hong. Li Hong likes his elegant and free personality very much, likes to chat with him, ask him about some scriptures, and they are very close to each other.

Seeing Zhao Song's visit, Li Hong hurriedly welcomed him to the study and asked eagerly, "What's going on today?" Why do I think the atmosphere in the court is getting more and more wrong? What is the matter between this 'present rite' and the 'ancient rite'? What does it have to do with modern and ancient scriptures? Zhao Song said with a smile: "The so-called 'Jinli' was first seen in the "Dadai Li Ji Shengde", that is, the Mingtang system adopted by Emperor Guangwu after Zhongxing. In the "Rite Map", it is said that the Ming Hall was built in the 30th year of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Hall is round and below, the upper circle is the sky, the lower is the law, the twelve halls are the sun, and the nine-room law is Kyushu, which is the nine-room building format of the Mingtang in Luoyang now. 'Ancient rites' refers to the system of the five-room Ming Hall contained in the "Zhou Rite Examination Record". As for what it has to do with modern and ancient scriptures......" Zhao Song hesitated for a moment and continued,

"Master Dai De is a master of the "Rites" of today's literature, so generally speaking, almost all Confucian scholars who hold the concept of "today's rites" are of the school of Jinwen classics, but there are exceptions, such as Cai Yong and Lu Zhi. They were masters of ancient literature and scriptures, but they insisted on the Mingtang system as 'present ceremony' and wrote it into the Book of Han. ”

"In other words, many officials of the ancient literature and scripture school in the DPRK also support the 'present ceremony', which is the nine-room Mingtang system?" Li Hong asked.

Zhao Song nodded,

"General, I came to see you in a hurry, just to explain to you about Sanyong. In the court today, Lord Li, Lord Cui, Lord Xi and other ministers obviously have the upper hand, which is very unfavorable to the new policy of the imperial court. Li Hong was secretly taken aback.

What kind of Mingtang system will be used to build a Sanyong Palace, which will be detrimental to the new policy? He looked at Zhao Song, who had a serious expression, and waved his hand lightly,

"You speak slowly, I listen carefully." The Ming Hall is the most important ceremonial building of the Zhou system. The system of Mingtang has been widely spread since the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the past, Yin Xuan was in turmoil in the world, and the ghost marquis was feasting on the princes, and the Duke of Zhou assisted King Wu to crusade against Yin Xuan. After the collapse of King Wu, King Cheng was weak and weak, and Duke Zhou practiced the position of the Son of Heaven to rule the world.

In the sixth year, the princes of the dynasty were in the Ming Hall, making ceremonies and music, awarding measurements, and then serving the world. Seven years, to become the king.

In the pre-Qin classics, the Ming Hall was mostly a place for politics. "Mencius Liang Hui Wang Xia" said,

"The hall of the husband is also the hall of the king. If the king does the king's government, do not destroy it. In fact, in addition to the sacrifice and administration, the system of the Ming Hall also includes many ritual activities such as internal governance, official construction, awarding Shuo, Wangqi, great education, school, pension, honoring the virtuous, and shooting.

In the Confucian classics, Sanyong is a symbol of the education of etiquette and music. In the pre-Qin period, the education of etiquette and music has always been the ideal of governing the country that Confucianism diligently pursues, but in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the stability necessary for the education of etiquette and music did not appear, and Confucianism was considered out of place

"Broad Learning". At the beginning of the founding of the dynasty, the Confucian scholars expected to be able to

"The dynasty of Zhengmingtang, the position of Qi Junchen, the virtuous material, Bu Dehui, benevolence and righteousness, and meritorious service", and Lu Jia, Jia Yi and other scholars also proposed

"Etiquette and music education" is the idea of the world. However, at that time, the world had just been pacified, and the wealth was scarce, so the prime minister could only use ox carts to travel, and it was unthinkable to set up a wide range of rituals and music and a detailed system.

In this kind of chaotic situation in which there is no surplus wealth inside, there are strong enemies outside, all chaos has not been settled, and the Xiongnu are coming, the early stage of this dynasty can only be done

The study of "Huang Lao" and the practice of inaction in order to allow the people to recuperate. In the period of Emperor Xiaowu, the state affairs gradually became stable, and there was a slight surplus in wealth, so there was a discussion on etiquette and music and Jianmingtang.

Zhao Xuan, Wang Zang and other ministers planned to imitate the ancient system and build a Ming Hall south of Chang'an City, but due to

"Sanyong" is a symbol of Confucian etiquette politics and is believed

Empress Dowager Dou of "Huang Lao's Learning" strongly objected. As a result, Zhao Juan and Wang Zang were forced to commit suicide, and Prime Minister Dou Ying and Taiwei Tian Wei were dismissed.

After the death of Empress Dowager Dou, Emperor Xiaowu monopolized power, and he had the ability to build the Ming Hall, but he did not implement it. The reason for this is that although Emperor Xiaowu respected Confucianism, he essentially promoted the way of hegemony, and he was not willing to implement the moral government of etiquette and music.

The virtues and politics he preached in his mouth contradicted what he did, and the Confucian ideals were very different from the actions of the imperial court, and most of the Confucian sayings were used to decorate political affairs.

In the Xiaocheng and Xiaoyuan dynasties, the influence of Confucianism on national politics became more and more serious, and scholars gradually realized that Confucian ideals were difficult to adapt to the needs of reality and could not influence and control the operation of the court, which in turn led to the repeated vacillations of scholars in the reform of the ritual system.

In order to solve this problem, the scholars thought of many ways. During the reign of Emperor Xiaoping, Confucianism gained a dominant position in the government and the popularity of Confucianism increased day by day, and the imperial court began to adjust the early years in the temple sacrifices, the ceremonial system, the capital city architecture, etc., and the Confucian classics recorded

"Archaic" and make partial modifications. In the second year of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (2 AD), Wang Mang invited the Son of Heaven to build the Ming Hall, Biyong, and Lingtai.

In the first four years of the Yuan Dynasty, the Sanyong Palace designed by Liu Xin, a master of ancient literature and scriptures, was built according to the "Examination of the Gongji", and the ceremonial architecture represented by Sanyong in this dynasty has appeared since then.

This Sanyong Palace, located on the east side of the avenue outside the south gate of Chang'an, fully complies with the provisions of the "Zhou Li" that the Ming Hall must be located

The "Yang of the Country" provisions. It is a square courtyard on the periphery, a two-storey gatehouse in the middle of the four sides, a circular ditch is surrounded outside the courtyard, and the four corners of the courtyard are built with curved ruler-shaped houses.

There is a hall in each of the corridors on the four sides of the lower floor of the central building, and each hall has a left and right mezzanine room

"Twelve churches", symbolizing the twelve months of the year; There is also a church on each side of the middle floor; There is a pavilion in the center and four corners of the upper platform, which is five rooms of gold, wood, water, fire and earth, and worships the five emperors.

The four-sided terrace of the five-room room is used for observing the celestial phenomena. This is a five-room hall. At the beginning of Emperor Guangwu's rejuvenation, he quickly restored the Ming Hall, Biyong, Lingtai and other ceremonial buildings to show his recognition of Confucian ideas and help them implement them

The policy of "cultivating literature and martial arts". Emperor Guangwu made full use of these ceremonial buildings to carry out ceremonial activities, holding sacrifices in the Ming Hall, holding village shooting and drinking ceremonies in Biyong, distinguishing clouds and objects in the Lingtai, and observing the rest of the march, which greatly promoted the integration of Confucian ritual architecture and Confucian ceremonial activities, and realized the dream of Confucian scholars for hundreds of years since the founding of this dynasty.

Emperor Guangwu was originally a Confucian student, familiar with the classics, he first had Wang Mang Tuogu's reform of the previous experience, and then with the help of the talisman and called the emperor, so his understanding of Confucianism is different from that of Xiaowu and Xiaoxuan Emperor

"Decorating the façade" is also different from Wang Mang's mud gu, he effectively combines etiquette and national politics.

At the same time, many of the Zhongxing ministers of the Guangwu Emperor studied the scriptures, and they combined Confucian theories such as morality, etiquette, and education with the way of governing the country, and used Confucian academic thought as the guiding basis for national politics.

Sanyong occupies an important position in Confucianism, and it also occupies an important position in national politics. Emperor Guangwu attached great importance to Sanyong, indicating that he was willing to use Confucian etiquette and music to govern the country, which was in stark contrast to the emphasis on martial arts hegemony in the Xiaowu and Xiaoxuan dynasties.

Emperor Guangwu believed that Sanyong not only represented the characteristics of the court's architecture in line with the etiquette system, but also represented the imperial court to emphasize

"Governing the government by virtue", we should pay attention to the education of etiquette and music, and oppose focusing on martial arts hegemony, so the Mingtang system he adopted was completely different from the past, and he adopted the nine-room Mingtang system.

Today, the ministers of the DPRK and the Central Committee demand the reconstruction of Sanyong in imitation of Luoyang Mingtang and the continuation of the implementation of the nine-room Mingtang system, and what their intention is self-evident.

"Sanyong is not a building, it is a ritual system, the ritual system is the foundation of Confucianism, Confucianism is the soul of national politics, and its impact on the government is immeasurable." Zhao Song said solemnly,

"General, if the imperial court adopts the nine-room Mingtang system, it is obvious that the imperial court's Zhongxing policy will gradually develop in the direction of 'Xiuwen Yanwu', and in the future, perhaps a few decades later, the current Zhongxing strategy is very likely to be completely overthrown, and the Han may repeat the mistakes of the past and go to defeat again." Li Hong Huoran woke up and talked for a long time, it was still a battle of ZTE's strategy.

"It looks like this court is going to change." Li Hong sneered,

"Some people are too old, and the gap between their ideas and ours is getting bigger and bigger, and it's time to go home and enjoy the blessings."

"Tomorrow, please come to Lord Cui and Lord Xi, let's talk about it and think of a countermeasure." Jump to