Chapter 5: The 11th section of the first peace of the Han Dynasty (193 AD) in December. In December, Jizhou, Zhao State, Zhongqiu City.

The north wind is howling and the snow is falling. The Chinese New Year is approaching, and people who have worked hard for a year can finally take advantage of the opening day of the market to rush to the city to take a stroll and buy some New Year's goods.

Although the wind and snow are very heavy today, there are still people coming and going on the road, and the festive atmosphere of the New Year ripples in the silver world with cheerful laughter.

Da Hei carried a basket on his back and walked slowly in the snow with a few neighbors from the same village, talking and laughing. An army of iron horsemen appeared on the gallop.

The knights, fully armed, rode their horses lightly and walked slowly in the middle of the gallop. This gallop road leads directly to Youzhou, the army of northern Xinjiang often comes and goes on this gallop road, the people are not surprised, they have to let the roadside, gather together in groups of three or five, look at the iron cavalry soldiers and the various flags dancing in the wind with excitement, and comment with taste.

Dahei stood in the snow on the side of the road, quietly looking at the iron horses that were getting closer and closer, looking at the colorful battle flags, his heart suddenly trembled, and his thoughts flew to Kansai and flew to the barracks.

Is dumb okay? Are the brothers all alive? It's been more than a year since I left the Northern Frontier Army, where are they now?

Is it still on the Kansai battlefield? Da Hei sighed and looked up at the sky. Dumb, I'm living a good life.

After I returned to Jizhou, I was reunited with my long-lost wife and children, and then my family went to Tuntian District, rented a piece of land, and lived a stable life.

Although the family is very poor, compared to the nightmarish days of the past, this is the life of a fairy.

All this was given to me by the great general, and if I can still see the great general in this life and this life, I must thank the great general, and I must thank him for his gifts.

"Big black, big black ......" A thin old man standing next to him pushed Big Black violently,

"Look, Panther...... The black panther banner ......" Da Hei was startled, and hurriedly turned his head to look in the direction of the old man's finger.

In the wind and snow, a huge black panther battle flag hunted in the air, majestic. Familiar, too familiar, Da Hei's heart was hot, and his whole body trembled involuntarily.

He seems to have returned to the bloody battlefield and the years of bloody battles. Da Hei only felt that the blood rushed to his head, he wanted to scream, he wanted to shout, he wanted to roar.

The Iron Knight Guards did not squint one by one, with solemn expressions, and rode past in front of the big black in turn. Suddenly, a familiar figure Huo Ran appeared in front of Da Hei's eyes.

He was still as tall and burly as he was, still wearing old leather armor, and still wearing long, unruly hair.

Big Black's heartbeat suddenly accelerated, and the sudden excitement almost suffocated him.

"General...... The general ......" Dahei blushed and cried out hoarsely with all his strength.

Black Panther Yi turned his head to look at Da Hei from the ground with a brush.

"General......" Dahei shouted loudly, desperate to rush forward. The sacrificial blade roared, and the sword roared out.

The righteous servants raised their crossbows in unison.

"Stop...... Take it a step further, kill it all......" Da Hei was still roaring and running frantically, but his voice became more and more whimpering and hoarse.

The people on the side of the road were stunned, dumbfounded and shocked. Li Hong's face was grim, his eyes were fixed on Da Hei, and suddenly, his face was shocked, and he shouted loudly,

"Big Black ......"

"General, I'm Dahei, I'm Dahei......" Dahei stumbled to the war horse of the righteous soldiers, waving his hands, crying excitedly,

"General, I'm the big black ......" Li Hongfei dismounted, ran a few steps, and grabbed his hand,

"Big Black...... I really didn't expect to run into you here. What are you crying about? Okay, okay, you don't blink your eyes when you kill people on the battlefield, how can you go home and plant the land for a year and become like this? Da Hei was excited and embarrassed, and hurriedly reached out to wipe a handful of tears, and suddenly he thought of something, broke free of Li Hong's hand, knelt on the ground, and kowtowed repeatedly.

Li Hong laughed, bent down and said to him, "If you kowtow again and don't speak, I'll leave." Da Hei was in a hurry, and hurriedly stood up,

"The Great General......

"Look what you've done." Li Hong pointed to a large number of people kneeling on the snow, and said to Da Hei with a smile,

"Let's go to the front and talk." Li Hong asked Da Hei to ride a war horse and walk beside him.

"Are you okay at home?" Li Hong asked with a smile.

"It's all good, it's all good, the general is so kind to our whole family, I ......"

"Don't say that in the future." Li Hong shook his hand and stopped,

"You have followed me to fight in the south and north since Jizhou, and it has been seven years before and after. Do you remember how many feats you have made and how many enemies you have killed in the past seven years? Big Black shook his head.

"I owe you too much, I owe too much to the soldiers of the Northern Xinjiang Army, if I can let you all survive in this life, and let you reunite with your families and live a good life, I will be satisfied. You can go home and find your wife and children, it's not my gift, it's what you deserve. You have fought for the great han, and the great han should certainly repay you. Da Hei's heart was sour, and tears almost rolled out.

"Dahei, how many acres of land are you renting now?"

"Eighty acres."

"Do you have any savings besides paying rent?"

"This year, the wind and rain are good, the harvest is good, and the general has ordered a reduction in some taxes, so at the end of the year, the family still has a little surplus." Daikoku replied respectfully.

"Are the other people in Tuntian District in a similar situation to you?" Da Hei nodded, and bowed deeply on his horse,

"It's all thanks to the general." Li Hong was very happy, and asked carefully about the tuntian, taxation and servitude, and Da Hei explained it in detail.

From Dahei's joyful expression, Li Hong could see that the situation in Jizhou was better than he expected, which made him feel very relieved.

"Dahei, tell me, what is your greatest wish right now?"

"I hope the general will stay in Jizhou for the rest of his life." Da Hei said without hesitation,

"Although I know it's impossible, I'm really afraid that after the general leaves, everything will change again." Li Hong shook his head,

"Da Hei, this doesn't count, you can talk about it again." The big black face is difficult to color, and he wants to stop talking.

"Dahei, you tell me, maybe I can help you." Li Hong said with a smile,

"It's hard for us to meet once. If you have any wishes, you can tell me now, as long as I can do it, I will definitely help you. Hearing this, Da Hei hurriedly jumped under the horse and knelt down to thank him.

Li Hong dismounted and helped him up,

"Say it, I'll listen."

"General, can I stay in the field for the rest of my life?" Li Hong smiled bitterly.

"Tuntian is an emergency measure, and once the world is stable, Tuntian will be canceled."

"What should I do after Tuntian is cancelled?" Da Hei's face changed, and he said in surprise,

"I don't have land, what will my family eat?"

"General, I think Tuntian is very good. Although Tuntian was a land rented from the government government, more taxes had to be paid to the government government, and the burden of forced labor was also more. But compared to the land we rented from rich families in the past, it was much more cost-effective. In addition, when there is no harvest in a famine year, the imperial court not only exempts taxes, but also gives relief, and the family can always support themselves. In the past, in the years of famine, we had to wait for death. ”

"However, some people have opinions about Tuntian, and there are even people who reject Tuntian" Li Hong frowned and said,

"This summer, when I was in Anping, Hejian and other places to inspect the Tuntian District, many people thought that the taxes, land taxes and forced labor in Tuntian were too heavy, and they were unwilling to stay in Tuntian for a long time. I estimate that the tuntian in Jizhou will end in a few years. Da Hei lowered his head and whispered,

"General, is there still a tuntian in that county? I went to Tuntian, a border county, and I couldn't let my family starve to death. Li Hong was silent.

Li Hong has been thinking about this question, and he and Tian Chou and other Hebei officials have also been discussing this matter in the process of inspecting Liaodong and the desert, but there is no answer so far.

"Dahei, if after the end of the tuntian, the imperial court sells you the eighty acres of land you are renting now, do you want it?"

"I want to, but I can't afford it." Da Hei said with a bitter face.

"If the imperial court is willing to sell the land to you at a low price or simply give it to you for free, will you sell it in the future when you encounter disaster?" Da Hei thought for a moment and nodded,

"General, the land is bought by rich people, where can we afford to buy land? We are poor, we have little land, we have a limited harvest in a year, and we have very little left after paying taxes. If someone in the family is sick or has a funeral, they can only sell the land. What's even more terrifying is that in a famine year, there is no harvest in the field, and if you want the family to live, you can only sell the land. ”

"So what do you say?" Li Hong asked,

"Besides Tuntian, what else can you do to keep yourself, and even your children and grandchildren, alive?"

"General, can you let my family lease the land of the imperial court for generations?" Daikoku asked cautiously.

"Lease the land of the imperial court for generations?" Li Hong looked at Da Hei in surprise,

"Generational rental?" Li Hong had some understanding, but he couldn't grasp the essence for a while, and he vaguely felt that the solution to the land problem was in front of him.

"Dahei, I promise you, I will help you fulfill this wish."

"Thank you, General." Da Hei was surprised and fell to his knees again. The first month of the first year of Xingping of the Han Dynasty (194 AD).

In the first month, the Son of Heaven changed the name of the year to Xingping, and granted amnesty to the world. After the general Li Hong returned to Handan, he immediately met with the eldest princess.

The eldest princess returned to Handan in a fit of anger because Li Hong insisted on appeasing Gongsun Zhan. She thought that Li Hong would come back immediately after the war in Youzhou, but who knew that Li Hong had been in Youzhou for half a year, and he couldn't even see a shadow.

"The general still knows to come back?" The eldest princess looked at Li Hong, happy and bitter, and even more aggrieved in her heart.

In the past six months, Jizhou has been constantly right and wrong, and she has been sandwiched between the powers of all parties trying to find a balance, and her life is very sad.

Li Hong knew that the eldest princess was not happy, so he said a few perfunctory words casually, and then took out a delicate horn and handed it over,

"The minister has traveled far away, and the places he has visited are very desolate, and there are no good gifts for His Highness." The eldest princess was very surprised, took it in her hand and played with it carefully, and suddenly said: "When the general first came to Luoyang, he gave me this gift. Li Hong suddenly remembered the first emperor.

When he first went to Luoyang, the first emperor specially prepared a generous gift for himself to give to the queen mother, and the gifts to the princess and Xiao Donghou were also prepared by the first emperor in advance.

The eldest princess suddenly mentioned this matter, which made Li Hong feel very uncomfortable. Before his death, the first emperor entrusted the Han Society to himself, but he failed to live up to the trust and trust of the first emperor.

When will Dahan Sheji be able to ZTE? Li Hong was sad and speechless for a long time. On the sixth day of the first lunar month, the general convened the officials of the three prefectures to discuss the matter, and there was only one topic for the discussion, land and displaced people.

Li Hong solemnly told more than 50 officials of the three governments at the meeting. The land restructuring strategy must be taken out before the spring ploughing in April.

During these three months, Hebei only discussed this matter, and did not ask about anything else. Since the land system is directly related to the fundamentals of social welfare, involves taxation and forced labor, and then involves many major national policies, the scope of discussion is becoming more and more extensive, and the number of people discussing it is also increasing.

By the end of the first month, nearly 100 officials, scholars, and celebrities from the Hebei provinces rushed to Handan one after another to start an all-night debate on how to reform the land system.

In the land of China, the earliest land system was the well field system. The well field system began in the Xia Shang and matured in the Zhou.

An earlier and most complete record of it is the "Mencius Teng Wen Gong": "If the dead do not go out of the country, the countryside and fields are the same well, they go in and out of each other's friends, they help each other, and they support each other in sickness, and the people are friendly." The square is a well. The well is 900 acres, of which it is public land. The eight families are all private 100 acres and raise public land together; After finishing business, and then dare to deal with private affairs, so don't be savage. From Mencius's description, it can be seen that the well field is in the shape of a square with a total of 900 mu, and it is cultivated by eight families sharing a well, each of which occupies 100 mu of private land, and the middle 100 mu is public land.

The shape of the land after this subdivision is like

The word "well" is called the well field. The eight families were required to cultivate the public land before paying what Mencius called it

"Help" the labor rent, and then each family can cultivate their own 100 acres of private land. The most prominent features of the well field system are the distinction between public and private fields and the rent of labor labor.

The Ida system also adopts a system of periodic adjustment of land rotation to eliminate inequities that may arise due to differences in the fertility of the land.

By the middle of the Spring and Autumn period, the advent of iron farming tools and ox ploughing led to the development of a large number of private fields other than public fields, and the area of cultivated land was expanding day by day.

The fanatical pursuit of private land by the aristocratic lords made the public land increasingly deserted, and the state could not sustain its revenue. Countries had to change the system of taxation of labor rent, and implemented it one after another

"Initial tax mu",

"Phase-to-land decay",

The tax system such as the "eleventh tax" was gradually abandoned. Qin Yi

"Famous field system" and strengthen the country. With Shang Marting

In a series of reforms of "opening the frontier and breaking the feudal territory", the ancient well field system was completely abolished, and the hereditary land ownership privileges of the lords and nobles also disappeared and were replaced by them

"Nada system". The most prominent feature of the Mingtian system is that it dictates fields according to household registration (the origin of this so-called Mingtian system), and at the same time, it also divides different titles and different amounts of land according to the size of military merit.

The land granted by the State becomes private and cannot be taken back by the State. Land can be bought and sold. The granting of land by household has achieved strict control over the peasants by the state over the borrowing of land; All the people who are registered can get a certain amount of land, which can also make the people recuperate and recuperate, so that the country is stable, and the tax is sufficient and stable.

The system of rewarding land according to military merit broke the hereditary privileges of the aristocracy and produced a large number of military landlords, which had a huge impetus to the social development at that time.

This dynasty inherited the system of Qin, Qin's

The "Nada system" was followed. Emperor Xiaowen and Emperor Xiaojing thus strengthened the country and created prosperity and prosperity that would be the envy of later generations.

The Nada system pioneered private ownership of land. With the development of society, a large number of land sales appeared, and the wave of land annexation began to impact the famous land system.

By the time of Emperor Xiaowu, the land annexation was becoming more and more serious, and it was almost there

The extent that "the rich are not in a hurry, and the poor have no place to stand". In this frenzy of land annexation, in addition to the land of ordinary homesteaders, another type of land that has been annexed in large quantities is military meritorious land.

Most of the descendants of the landlords with military merits are arrogant and extravagant, and it is difficult to inherit the legacy of their ancestors, and they either violate the national law to prohibit the death of the country, or they do nothing and are mixed with mediocrity, and the land obtained by their ancestors because of their military exploits is sold out by them.

The Mingtian system gradually existed in name only, and later the state no longer awarded the field house with military merits and began to reward gold and silver in kind, and the Mingtian system finally died out.

Land annexation eventually defeated the Nada system. After Wang Mang usurped the throne, he implemented a series of new policies.

In the land system, he introduced

"Wang Tian system". Wang Mang and his followers believe that private ownership and free trade of land are the root causes of land annexation, and they have a very deep and correct understanding of this.

The main purpose of Wang Mang's Wang Tian system was to restrain land annexation. The main content of the royal field system was to confiscate land to the imperial court, prohibit private buying and selling of land, and limit the land occupied by households with no more than eight men to one

"Well" (nine hundred acres). More than part of it is divided into neighboring clans, and landless farmers can be granted land by the imperial court according to the standard of 100 mu of land for one husband and one woman.

But why did such a restructuring plan, which could solve the root cause of land annexation, fail in the end?

The reason for the failure of the royal land system was precisely because of the ban on land sales. The Wangtian system was abolished after only three years of implementation.

Today, the three prefectures of Hebei Province practice the tuntian system. The tuntian system first began with Emperor Xiaowu and was divided into Juntun and Mintun.

Juntun refers to organizing the army to open up the barren land for military rations. Mintun refers to the recruitment of displaced people to cultivate the tuntian fields to provide food for the army or the imperial court.

The tuntian was owned by the state, and the soldiers and farmers had to pay a certain amount of tenant rent to the court and the army when they farmed, and the surplus grain left behind belonged to themselves.

And the soldiers of Tuntian are not allowed to leave at will, otherwise they will be guilty of their wives. The tuntian system provided a large amount of military rations for the army and the imperial court, and also enabled some landless peasants to rely on the tuntian to make a living, which helped to appease the people and stabilize people's minds.

However, with the success of the Tuntian system and the perennial stability of the Tuntian area, many ills have become more and more serious.

For example, various problems have emerged in the western counties and counties of Jizhou, which have been in Tuntian for eight years, so it is imperative to reform the land system.

In mid-March, after more than two months of debate, the officials of the Hebei Prefecture finally put forward the issue after summing up the lessons learned from the successes and failures of various land systems in history

"Counting and dictating the field system". The system of dictating fields is to count the dictation of fields according to household registration. This field refers to a large amount of ownerless land and wasteland owned by the imperial court, and the imperial court grants the right to use these fields to all people according to their population, that is, the lifelong lease that Daikoku most wants to get.

This system firmly recognizes the private ownership of land, and all the estates and mansions of the wealthy families are their own, and protects their land rights.

At the same time, they also participate in the field awarding. The system of calculating and granting land includes both the state land ownership system and the private ownership of land, which can not only benefit the people of all strata, but also protect the interests of the gate lords and magnates.

On the basis of affirming the ownership and possession of land, this system allowed the poor peasants to quickly get rid of the control of the wealthy families and become the members of the state, thus ensuring the tax revenue to the greatest extent.

(Note: During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Juntian Decree promulgated by the Northern Wei Dynasty was implemented in the Northern Dynasty in the early stage.)

The "system of dictating the field" has evolved, and this is what is quoted in this book

"Counting the oral teaching system", which is also famous in history

The predecessor of the "Junda System". April of the first year of the Xingping of the Great Han Kingdom (194 AD). Xu Rong, the general of the expedition to the west, rode 800 miles to report to Handan, and Chang'an mutiny three times.

On the 22nd of December last year, a second earthquake occurred in Chang'an, and the situation in Guanzhong deteriorated extremely.

However, at this critical moment, the Yellow River froze and disaster relief materials from northern Xinjiang could not be transported to Guanzhong, and the situation in Guanzhong deteriorated further.

Although Xu Rong, the general of Zhengxi, and Yushi, the general of Wuwei, tried their best, they could only look up to the sky and sigh in the face of the ensuing heavy snowfall.

The weather is getting worse day by day, and heavy snow and severe cold rarely seen in decades have invaded the entire northern and western Xinjiang.

After surviving the most difficult New Year and February, March is finally here. Han Sui and Ma Teng of Xiliang immediately sent a letter to the Son of Heaven and the imperial court as quickly as possible, and couldn't wait to ask for relief.

But the disaster in Guanzhong was equally serious, and the Son of Heaven and the imperial court had to delay it again and again. The Son of Heaven and the imperial court could afford to drag it out, but the western frontier couldn't afford it, so Han Sui and Ma Teng had no choice but to send troops to attack Chang'an, grabbing a little bit is a little bit.

Ma Teng's army is in Fufeng County, only a few hundred miles away from Chang'an, and it is almost there. Tai Lieutenant Zhu Jun and the cavalry general Li Wei held the city on the one hand, and urgently told Hedong on the other hand, asking Xu Rong to send troops to rescue.

But Xu Rong was entangled in the Kansai battlefield by Yuan Shao's army at this time, and he was unable to advance westward in a hurry. At this time, the general was discussing with the officials of the three prefectures

After suddenly receiving the news of the mutiny in Chang'an, he couldn't help but be furious and took the case.

"This Yuan Shao dared to reach out to Guanzhong, his mind was too big." Jump to