Chapter 84: The Anshi Rebellion
Zhen Qian's rebirth in Zhen Mansion is both fortunate and unfortunate.
The social status of the Zhen Mansion has brought a lot of convenience to Zhen Qian, and it is said that there are people in the court who are good officials, and Zhen Qian has just been in high school to take up two subjects, Ming Arithmetic, and Ming Classics, and he will be given a post, if it is not for the frustration of not being able to take office, I am afraid that he is already a low-class county official now, and if he is superior in the examination after three years, he may be able to be transferred to the capital to take up a post, and the starting point of his career is not high.
Misfortune and blessing are relied on, blessing and misfortune are lurking, Zhen Qian really doesn't know whether to thank Meng Xiaoya, who frightened the horses, and let himself be reborn again, maybe this is the fate in the dark.
As soon as he arrived in the Tang Dynasty, Zhen Qian had not had time to be happy and celebrate the rest of his life after the catastrophe, when he heard the world reciting the lingering love between Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei. After paying attention to inquire again, An Lushan's name was overwhelming, and Zhen Qian, who was frightened, almost fainted.
Tang Xuanzong, Yang Guifei, An Lushan, Gao Lishi, Yang Guozhong ......, that name has not been passed down for thousands of years, whether it is infamy or praise, rebellious ministers and thieves, traitorous villains, and singing and crying love lingering ......, this era of change and turbulence is something that ordinary people Zhen Qian can understand and bear.
Zhen Qian can't remember that the Anshi Rebellion happened in that year, who made himself not a student of history? Bored enough to imprint in my mind about the big events in history.
But all this does not prevent Zhen Qian's understanding of this history, it is after the turmoil of the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, ushered in a hundred years of feudal town separation, and experienced the changes of five dynasties and ten kingdoms.
is about to be born in troubled times, so that Zhen Qian feels that the building will be stormy and about to feel a sense of crisis, in this storm, he is just an insignificant little ant, how to survive has become a problem that Zhen Qian has to face.
If you think that you can turn the tide with foresight, not to mention foolish dreams, I am afraid that the first person to die will be yourself.
The cause of the Anshi Rebellion was the rise of the feudal town.
During the reigns of Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty repeatedly expanded its territory and successively pacified the eastern Liaodong, Eastern and Western Turks, Tuyuhun and other regions, making the Tang Dynasty a country with an extremely vast territory. At the same time, in order to strengthen the central government's control over the frontier, consolidate the border defense, and manage the alien races, Tang Xuanzong set up ten military towns in the border areas in the tenth year of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, which were managed by nine jiedu envoys and one economic envoy.
These envoys of each prefecture were not only in charge of the military, but also had the power of administration, finance, people's households, and land in their jurisdictions because they also held the posts of envoys, pacification envoys, and branch envoys, which made the governor of the prefecture, who had been the governor of a place, become his subordinates. According to the "Forty Soldiers of the New Tang Dynasty Chronicles": "It has its land, its people, its soldiers, and its wealth." As a result, the festival is dominant, and the tail is too big to fall, which has become a hidden worry for the Tang government.
The military is heavy on the outside and light on the inside, so that An Lushan has an opportunity.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the country implemented the government and military system, and a total of 634 Zhichong Prefectures were placed, of which 261 were located in Guanzhong, which defended the Beijing Division's Chang'an, so the military strength was light on the outside and heavy on the inside, ensuring that the Tang Dynasty had enough troops to defend the Beijing Division and its regime. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty set up a festival envoy in the tenth year of the first century, and allowed him to lead his troops to guard the border areas, and the military strength became stronger and stronger, and gradually overtook the central government. In the fourteenth year of Kaiyuan, the guards of the Beijing division were changed to be in charge of the Wei cavalry. During the Tianbao period, the border town had 500,000 troops. And An Lushan is also the envoy of the three towns of Pinglu, Fanyang and Hedong. These three places are geographically connected, and the army is the strongest among the towns, with 200,000 troops, and the strength is strong. On the contrary, the central military strength is less than 80,000, creating a military situation in which the outside is heavy and the interior is light, and gradually forming a crisis in which the localities in turn threaten the central government.
Tang Xuanzong's negligence made traitorous ministers in power and politically corrupt.
In the late reign of Kaiyuan, after a long period of peace, the country was fine, and Tang Xuanzong lost the spirit of seeking upward governance. After Tang Xuanzong changed Yuan Tianbao, politics became more and more corrupt. Tang Xuanzong was even more indulged in pleasure and pampered Yang Guifei, and An Lushan worshipped Yang Guifei as his mother for self-protection and promotion. From advocating thrift to spending money like dirt, such as once giving Li Linfu a year's tribute from all over the world. He also handed over the state affairs to Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong. Li Linfu is the prime minister of the honey-bellied sword, and he relied on the trust of Xuanzong to do things for 19 years during his tenure, putting an end to words and rejecting loyalty. Yang Guozhong succeeded Li Linfu as prime minister because Yang Guifei was favored, but he only knew how to loot the people's wealth, so that the group was in charge, the state affairs were in trouble, and the government was corrupt, so that An Lushan had a chance.
That year, the heavy rain caused a serious disaster, and Xuanzong inquired about the disaster, but Yang Guozhong showed Xuanzong a large ear of corn, saying that the rain was heavy but did not affect the harvest. When some officials reported the disaster and asked for help, he was furious and ordered the judicial authorities to punish him severely. Yang Guozhong's ability is very poor, but he likes to deal with government affairs, he can't do good things, he is very good at bad things, and he accepts bribes and forms gangs and factions freely.
The reuse of Hu will lead to serious Hu in the northern borderlands.
After the Tang Taizong pacified the Eastern Turks and Khitan ethnic groups, they migrated to Hebei, and Hebei became a place where the Hu people lived together. The local Hu culture was very deep, and the influence of Han culture was very shallow, so it was alienated from the Central Plains relationship of the Tang Dynasty. In order to facilitate the rule, the Tang dynasty relied on people who could speak a variety of Hu languages and understand foreign folk customs. When Li Linfu became the prime minister, in order to consolidate his position and put an end to the road of border generals entering the prime minister, he said that the Hu people were loyal and brave, and suggested that Xuanzong use the Hu people as the jiedu envoys to guard the border, and let them support the army and respect themselves. Therefore, An Lushan was able to gain power as a Hu people, and the Ju Ren soldiers in the northeast city were the most courageous and powerful troops in An Lushan's army. And An Lushan also has the strength and ambition to rebel against the Tang Dynasty because he is in charge of more than 200,000 troops because of the three major military towns.
Some people also say that An Lushan's army was completely forced by Yang Guozhong.
An Lushan and the three major military towns alone commanded 200,000 troops, supported the border, and his subordinates were brave and good at fighting, and were favored by Xuanzong, attracting the jealousy of Prime Minister Yang Guozhong. As a result, the two became enemies, and Tang Xuanzong did not interfere in this. An Lushan had long harbored different ambitions, and with heavy troops in his hands, he raised troops to rebel against the Tang Dynasty in the name of courting Yang.
Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, there were many Khitan and Xi people living in Youzhou in northern Hebei, and after Tang Taizong defeated the Turks, many Turkic people migrated to live in this area. Their habits were different from those of the Han and discriminated against each other, and An Lushan took advantage of this to win over the upper echelons of the ethnic minorities at that time as anti-Tang cronies. History says that An Lushan promoted 2,500 Xi and Khitan people to be generals and Zhonglang generals before the thirteenth year of chaos in Tianbao. Under his bribe, the local ethnic minorities regarded An Lushan and Shi Siming as the "two saints". The contradiction between the central and local warlord forces was the most important factor contributing to the Anshi Rebellion.
The causes of the Anshi Rebellion were many, and they were a concentrated reflection of various social contradictions, mainly including the contradictions between the ruling class and the people, the contradictions within the rulers, the national contradictions, and the contradictions between the central and local separatist forces, and so on, first of all, economic contradictions.
During the Kaiyuan period of Tang Xuanzong, although the social economy reached unprecedented prosperity and there was a prosperous situation, at the same time, due to the development of the feudal economy, land annexation was also accelerated, so that many people migrated and went into exile. The equalization system was destroyed, and the peasants lost their land and became displaced people. In addition, the supreme ruling group of the Tang Dynasty became increasingly corrupt. From the end of the Kaiyuan Dynasty, Tang Xuanzong lived an indulgent life all day long, Yang Guifei's family was overwhelming, squandering at will, the palace specially for the Guifei courtyard brocade embroidery craftsmen reached 700 people, Yang Guifei's three sisters spent millions of dollars every year. The Yang brothers and sisters have five families, with a lustful voice and a lustful desire for power, and they live a desolate life. The decay of the ruling class has increased the burden on the common people and put them in dire straits.
The chaos in the government affected the country's economy. During this period, the Juntian system collapsed, and tax revenues decreased dramatically, but the expenses of the imperial court gradually increased due to Xuanzong's extravagant example, and the treasury could not make ends meet. Political corruption affected the military, and most of the soldiers recruited were scoundrels.
The second is class contradictions.
The intensification of contradictions within the ruling class was the direct cause of the Anshi Rebellion. In the later period of Tang Xuanzong, Li Linfu, a traitor with "honey in his mouth and a sword in his belly", controlled the government for 19 years. During his tenure, he excluded dissidents, cultivated party henchmen, and controlled the government. Yang Guozhong, the brother of Yang Guifei, who succeeded him to power, is a person who "ignores the success or failure of the world" and only cares about following his own interests and misleading the country. The traitorous ministers were in power, which deepened the contradictions within the ruling class, especially the struggle for power and profit between Yang Guozhong and An Lushan, which became the fuse of the Anshi Rebellion. In addition, there is also a rift between Geshuhan, the northwestern faction, and An Lushan, the northeastern faction. Internal and external mistakes sharpened the contradictions between the monarch and the ministers, the civil ministers and the military generals within the ruling class in the later period of Tang Xuanzong.
Then there are the people/ethnic contradictions.
The contradictions between ethnic groups were also a factor that could not be ignored in the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion. Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, there were many Khitans and Xi people living in Youzhou in northern Hebei, and after Tang Taizong defeated the Turks, he migrated many Turkic people to live in this area. Their habits were different from those of the Han and discriminated against each other, and it was this that An Lushan, who was a Hu man, took advantage of this to win over the upper echelons of the ethnic minorities at that time as anti-Tang cronies. History says that An Lushan promoted 2,500 Xi and Khitan people to serve as generals and Zhonglang generals before the thirteenth year of chaos in Tianbao.
Xuanzong was not aware of the crisis of the country at all, but launched a series of wars against the outside world at an inopportune time. Political corruption and darkness have stimulated the desire of generals to seek merit and seek official positions. In order to provoke a war and be rewarded for meritorious service in the war, many generals in the border towns wantonly provoked, causing constant war on the border. The initial situation of border stability was broken, and relations between the west and Tibet deteriorated, and there were casualties after the war, which damaged the harmonious and friendly relations that had always been in place. Due to the arrogance of the border generals, the conflict with the southwestern Nanzhao State that should have been pacified escalated, and as a result, the Tang Dynasty conscripted troops and Nanzhao went to war. As many as 200,000 Tang soldiers died in battle and from disease.
Finally, there are internal contradictions, which is also one of the important reasons for the change of dynasties.
The contradiction between the central and local warlord forces was the most important factor contributing to the Anshi Rebellion. Due to the destruction of the Juntian system and the government military system in the Tang Dynasty, the government military system had to be replaced by the conscription system from the Tang Dynasty Xuanzong. These recruited professional soldiers were bribed by local warlords and formed a special intertwined and inseparable relationship with the generals. In addition, after the opening of the Yuan Dynasty, the system of temperance and degree envoys was generally set up in the border defense, and their power became greater and greater, and as for "having both their land, their people, their soldiers, and their wealth", a situation was formed. By the first year of Tianbao, the border army continued to increase, reaching 490,000 people, accounting for more than 85 percent of the country's total number of troops, of which they were mainly concentrated in the northeast and northwest borders, and the three towns of Fanyang, which were in charge of An Lushan, alone reached 200,000. The Central Army, on the other hand, was not only insufficient in quantity, but also too poor in quality, and was unprepared for combat in peacetime. The increasing strength of the Jiedu envoys, the contradiction with the central power deepened, and in the last years of Tianbao, it finally broke out into the Anshi Rebellion.
The outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion was not accidental, but an inevitable result, without An Lushan, as well as Wang Lushan, Huang Lushan, ......, it was inevitable.
The Tang Dynasty was greatly damaged, and the "heyday" of the Kaiyuan period was squandered, leaving only the appearance of prosperity, and the building was already crumbling.