Chapter 2: Like the Abyss, Section 10, Zhao Qi and Li Wei went out of Longshan for thirty miles to meet the hussar general. Li Hong dismounted from afar and said to Zhao Qi respectfully: "The weather is cold, how dare the old man come to greet him in person?" I don't dare to be ashamed, I dare not be ashamed. Zhao Qi was polite.

Li Wei stood aside and said, "My lord, please get in the car, before the adult enters Longquan, the old man has something to say to you." Li Hong smiled and asked Zhao Qi to get in the car first.

He knew in his heart that after Lord Taifu Liu Yu left Jinyang, the power of the imperial court needed to be redistributed, and what the boss wanted to talk about was nothing more than this most difficult issue.

After Zhao Qi waited for Li Hong to sit down, he said with a smile: "In the past two hundred years, my Han Dynasty has experienced catastrophes, especially the disasters of Wang Mang, Liang Yi, ** Eunuch and now Dong Zhuo's disasters have caused the most serious damage to the Han Society, do you know what the main reason for these disasters is?" Li Hong thought for a while and replied respectfully: "Because relatives and eunuchs hold authority, they will cause chaos and discipline." ”

"Then why can relatives and eunuchs seize the authority of the state?" Zhao Qi asked again.

"Because of the weight of the inner court, the imperial power is supreme." Li Hong immediately replied. Li Hong is still very clear about these things.

Since being dragged into the battle for the imperial throne by the first emperor, in order to survive, he has been constantly asking Zhao Qi and Li Wei for advice from scholars for several years, and he has also studied unremittingly, and he already knows the ins and outs of many things.

With the gradual increase of officials and power, especially in the recent period, Li Hong has also begun to think about the pros and cons of the law and national policy and the way to revitalize the society.

Zhao Qi nodded appreciatively and continued to ask, "Why is the inner court weighted?" Why is the outer court light? Why does the imperial power override the prime minister's power (Xiang Quan, the power of the prime minister. Generally refers to the power of the imperial court)? Why can't imperial power and relative power check each other? Li Hong thought for a moment and shook his head.

On this issue, he thought that if the imperial power and the prime minister can restrain each other, and can be divided and supervised by layers like military power, it may be difficult for relatives and eunuchs to steal authority.

But in fact, except for a short period of checks and balances between the imperial power and the prime minister in the early days of the founding of the country, the imperial power overrode the prime minister at other times, and the emperor alone had the final say.

After the First Emperor unified the Six Kingdoms, he abolished the system of fiefdom and established princes, and replaced it with a county system under the rule of the imperial court.

Was the royal family a court, or was it part of a court? If the royal family and the imperial court are separated, how will the powers be divided between the two?

Ministers such as Qin Shi Huang and Li Si agreed that the imperial family and the imperial court should be separated. The emperor is the only supreme ruler of the country and the symbol of the state, while the imperial court is in charge of the actual power of the state and is responsible for all practical responsibilities.

The supreme leader of the imperial court is the prime minister, followed by the Taiwei (Taiwei has the right to lead troops, not the right to transfer troops), and the imperial historian who is in charge of supervising the power, that is

"Three Publics". The imperial power and the relative power are divided according to this principle. This dynasty is based on the Qin system. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the imperial power and the relative power were also separated and restrained from each other.

The emperor of this dynasty has six Shang, (Shang is the meaning of being in charge, which is equivalent to the current secretary, and Shangshutai is equivalent to the secretariat.

They are Shangyi, Shangshi, Shangguan, Shangxi, Shangyu and Shangshu. The first five Shang were responsible for the emperor's clothes, diet and daily life, and only Shangshu was in charge of the clerical work, which was considered the emperor's real one

"Secretary". From here, it can be seen that the emperor had only one Shangshutai with limited powers. There are thirteen Caos in the Prime Minister's Mansion of this dynasty, with a huge organization and a wide range of powers.

For example, Dongcao, the main 2,000 stone chief officials are divided to the north, including military officials. The officials with a rank of 2,000 stone already included Jiuqing at that time, so it can be seen that all the appointments and dismissals of officials in the imperial court had to go through the prime minister.

Another example is the Song Cao, which is responsible for managing all the chapters of the imperial court. There are others, such as Hu Cao, Ci Cao, Fa Cao, etc., each with its own master, covering almost all the government affairs of the state.

From the names and powers of these thirteen Cao, it can be seen that state affairs are mainly handled by the prime minister and the prime minister's office, rather than by the emperor himself.

The period when the imperial power and the prime minister were separated, and the royal family and the imperial court were separated, was the most brilliant period of the dynasty.

After arriving at Emperor Xiaowu, the situation suddenly changed, and Emperor Xiaowu was eloquent and strategic, and he wanted to build a meritorious career for all generations.

He suspected the prime minister of being in the way and robbed the prime minister of power. The ministers of the outer court of Jiuqing directly accepted the instructions of the inner court, and the inner court immediately weighed weight, and Shang Shutai replaced almost all the functions and powers of the prime minister's office.

Since the emperor snatched away the power of the prime minister, of course, he would not let the prime minister interfere in the affairs of the royal family, so before the death of Emperor Xiaowu, Huo Guang was the assistant of the great general Sima.

In this way, there was a prime minister in the outer court and a great Sima in the inner court, and there were often conflicts between the royal family and the imperial court. This conflict reached its extreme after the death of Emperor Xiaozhao.

After the death of Emperor Xiaozhao, King Lichangyi became emperor. Liu He, the king of Changyi, did 1,121 ridiculous things that should not have been done within 21 days of his accession to the throne, so he was deposed and renamed Liu Xun, the son of Liu Ju, the deposed prince of Emperor Xiaowu, as emperor.

Huo Guang convened Jiuqing at that time to discuss the matter of deposing the Son of Heaven and rebuilding the imperial system, saying that the succession to the imperial system was a private matter of the royal family, and put the prime minister aside.

The existence of the imperial family is because there is an emperor, and the existence of the emperor is because there is a imperial court, so the succession of the imperial family is a matter of the imperial court, not a private matter of the imperial family.

The hereditary emperor is based on the law of the Han Dynasty, if the emperor has no heirs or other changes, the matter of imperial succession should be discussed by the imperial court, but Huo Guang ignored the ancestral system of the law and acted arbitrarily.

Huo Guang was in charge of the Shangshutai of the inner court in the name of the assistant of the great general Sima, and he did not let the imperial court participate in the imperial affairs, but on behalf of the imperial family to inquire about the affairs of the imperial court, if so, the imperial family was above the imperial court.

Originally, Shangshutai's Shangshu was only the emperor's secretary of the inner court, and the positions of the inner court were subordinate to the imperial history, but now the imperial history has become a decoration, and the emperor has become deaf, of course the emperor is unwilling.

So Emperor Xiaoxuan restored the old system, there is still the imperial history of the Cheng to lead the book, all things from the imperial history of the imperial history of the imperial history of the imperial doctor, and then to the prime minister, the inner court and the outer court immediately communicated with each other.

In this way, the authority of the great general Sima gradually weakened. Emperor Xiaoxuan has been in power for 20 years, the officials have ruled Qingming, the people live in peace, and the country is prosperous

The name of "ZTE". After the death of Emperor Xiaoxuan, the Huo Yi family was immediately wiped out, but the reform of Emperor Xiaoxuan also failed.

The imperial power is dominant, the relative power is declining, the great Sima General and other external powers are still auxiliary to the government, the inner court is still powerful, and the outer court is still light, so the accumulation of disadvantages has become a disaster, and there is the disaster of Wang Mang's usurpation of the Han.

Wang Mang was assisted by General Sima, and then took sole power. After Emperor Guangwu revived Sheji, he learned the lesson of the defeat of the previous dynasty.

He first increased the power of Shang Shutai and took over the power himself. Then put the prime minister, the captain, and the imperial doctor

"Three Publics" was changed to Da Situ, Da Sima, and Da Sikong, one

The "Gong" commands the three secretaries. The Three Princes are just noble, and the real power is in the hands of Shangshu. In other words, the authority of the state belongs to the emperor alone, and he completely abandoned the principle of separation between imperial power and relative power, and between the imperial family and the imperial court.

Emperor Guangwu revived Sheji, and also planted the seeds of overthrowing Sheji.

"System." Li Hong suddenly realized the true meaning of Zhao Qi's question.

"What does the boss mean is to emulate Emperor Xiaoxuan, restore the old system, and rebuild the checks and balances between imperial power and relative power?" Zhao Qi looked at Li Hong in surprise and praised loudly: "My lord is really a genius. Li Wei's face showed admiration, and he couldn't help blurting out, "How did the adults come up with that?" Li Hong smiled embarrassedly,

"Have you forgotten that when you were planning to build the dynasty, Taifu Liu Yu, Zhang Wen, and the boss, and all the other lords, all repeatedly explained to me why they used the old system of three princes as the framework of the imperial court. One of the reasons was to weaken the imperial power and separate the imperial power from the prime minister's power in order to control the dictatorship of relatives and eunuchs. Zhao Qi nodded happily.

For decades, scholars and eunuchs have repeatedly failed in order to compete for power, and the reason is not because there is no force, but because the imperial power is supreme, and the imperial power is above the relative power, and it has completely lost its restraint.

On the surface, it was to compete for the authority of the state, but in fact, the real purpose was to use the authority of the country to restore the old system and rebuild the balance between the imperial power and the mutual narrative, so as to eradicate the accumulated evils and revitalize the society.

To put it mildly, it is necessary to limit the imperial power and expand the power of the prime minister. Why did Lord Yuan Kui give Yuan Shao that edict?

Why did Yuan Shao, Han Fu and the officials of the Dong Alliance insist on rebuilding the imperial system? A few of us old guys thought about it for a long time, and finally thought of the reason why Lord Yuan Kui suddenly changed the established policy of discussing Dong from this question.

Because when the Son of Heaven is already ten years old today, in another ten years, after the Son of Heaven has performed the crown ceremony, he will be in charge.

It is simply impossible to rebuild the old system in ten years.

"Why?" Li Hong asked,

"Is it not enough time to restore an old system?" Zhao Qi sighed,

"My lord, you must know that Emperor Xiaoxuan's restructuring failed, otherwise, how could there be the disaster of Wang Mang's usurpation of the country later?" Li Hong hesitated for a moment and asked, "Why did Emperor Xiaoxuan's restructuring fail?" Zhao Qi shook his head and said, "Because of the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion." Although Emperor Xiaoxuan respected Confucianism, he adopted the policy of governing the country with both Confucianism and law, and the principle of virtue and punishment, so he strongly advocated the restoration of the old system.

It is believed that separating the imperial power from the prime minister's power, and separating the royal family from the imperial court, is more conducive to the prosperity of the country.

However, with the passage of time, the increase of national strength and the fierce power struggle, two different voices appeared in the court.

Some ministers said that they should respect Confucianism alone, govern the country with virtue, and revise some policies for governing the country. Some of them insisted on adopting the policy of combining Confucianism and law, and governing the country with virtue and punishment and auxiliary punishment, and refused to revise the established national policy.

As a result, a huge debate broke out in the court. In order to unify Confucianism, Emperor Xiaoxuan convened more than 20 contemporary Confucian scholars in the Shiqu Pavilion in the north of Weiyang Palace in Chang'an in the third year of Ganlu (51 BC).

Similarities and differences between the "Five Classics". The scholars and scholars discussed their different interpretations of the scriptures, and after a long debate, Emperor Xiaoxuan decided to adopt the most appropriate interpretation and make this interpretation of the scriptures an official science.

Those who participated in the Shiqu Pavilion discussion included Tong Han and Dai Sheng, who studied "Li", Zhang Sheng, Xue Guangde, and Wei Xuancheng who studied "Poetry", Zhou Kan, Lin Zun, Ouyang Changbin, and Zhang Shanqian who studied "Shu", Liang Qiulin and Shi Yun who governed "Yi", Yan Pengzu who governed "Ram Spring and Autumn", and Yin Gengshi and Liu Xiang who governed "Liang Spring and Autumn".

After discussion, Liang Qiulin asked questions, Zhu Confucianism answered, the crown prince Xiao Wangzhi played his proposal, and Emperor Xiaoxuan personally ruled and judged.

The recitals of the Shiqu Lectures were collected and compiled into the book "The Discussion of the Stone Canal", also known as "The Discussion of the Stone Canal", with a total of 155 recitals.

After this meeting, the "Yi" was added to the doctorate

"Liangqiu", the "book" was added

"Big and Small Xiahou", "Spring and Autumn" was added

"Beams". The division of the Dr. of this dynasty, except for the original Lu, Qi and Han schools of "Poetry", the rest all began with the Shiqu Pavilion scriptures.

Emperor Xiaoxuan attached great importance to the "Liang Chunqiu" because it was conducive to strengthening the control power of patriarchal etiquette, and could correct the shortcomings caused by the one-sided emphasis on the rule of law in the "Ram Chunqiu" study, which was adapted to the time

The requirements of the "Jigu Liwen". Therefore, the result of the discussion of Shiqu Pavilion is that the study of "rites" and the rule of rites have been greatly developed, and the "Book of Rites" of Da Dai and Xiao Dai were compiled and prevailed in this period.

The Shiqu Pavilion Council turned the authority of Emperor Xiaoxuan into the authority of the scriptures, and the academic view of the scriptures immediately became the supreme law of the state.

thereupon

"Governing the country by virtue" has become the basis for formulating national policies.

"Ministers are loyal", the imperial power is supreme, and the prime minister's power is completely deprived. Emperor Xiaoxuan from time to time

"The discussion of Shiqu Pavilion", Emperor Xiaozhang has it from time to time

"The Discussion of the White Tiger View", this is a grand event of this dynasty's scriptures, and Li Hong is clear. But he didn't know that this scripture actually determined the formulation of national policies, the fate of the country, and the rise and fall of the society.

Li Hong bowed down and asked softly, "What does the boss want to say to me?" ”

"One is government learning. Since the first year of Emperor Xiaowai Jianping (6 B.C.), Liu Xin wrote the "Book of Dr. Taichang", requiring the establishment of ancient scriptures as official studies, and the ancient scriptures and modern scriptures began to fight, and it has been nearly two hundred years. Facts over the past two hundred years have proved that the study of modern literature and scriptures is a study that is a disaster for the country, and should be abolished immediately, and the official school should be replaced by the study of ancient literature and scriptures. ”

"The second is a national policy. The imperial court should immediately take the integration of Confucianism and law, and the principle of morality and punishment as the basis for formulating national policies, and revise a large number of established national policies. ”

"The third is the bureaucratic system. The imperial power and the prime minister must be separated, and the royal family and the imperial court must be separated, otherwise, there is no hope for the revitalization of the society. Zhao Qi looked at Li Hong, who had a solemn expression, and asked solemnly: "Can the general take on the heavy responsibility of Zhongxing Sheji?" "Jump to