When the sun was about to set, Zhou Hexuan came to a suburban estate in Calcutta.

As we said earlier, the owner of the estate was the Indian philosopher Aurobindo Gauss. Born in the Brahmin caste, Cambridge graduate, fluent in many Chinese, he was one of the leaders of India's early national liberation movements.

Aurobindo was already very old and lived in the French colony of India all year round - the choice of wanting to live in India without being colonized by the British. He did not join the Progressive Writers' Association of India, but this time he made a special trip back to his hometown to vacate his estate as a meeting place for writers.

The British colonial government did not allow progressive writers to gather, and it was possible that two or three writers would drink together and be arrested on charges of conspiracy to rebel......

"Master, Mr. Zhou and his wife are here." Patida went in to report it.

Aurobindo stood up with a crutch and said to the two men in the living room, "Let's go and meet them together." ”

The two men were Premchand, the "king" of India, and Josh Marihabad, an Indian progressive poet.

"I can't wait!" Premchand laughed.

The Writers' Gathering will not begin until tomorrow to discuss the development of the progressive literary movement in India, most of which are still on their way.

The three of them came out together and shook hands with Zhou Hexuan warmly.

Rabindranath Tagore died last year, and now Premchand is the leader of the Indian literary scene. Anald, Sagard and others founded the Indian Progressive Writers Association after the saddle horse, but when the association was actually established, everyone publicly elected Premchand as its chairman.

If you compare Premchand with a certain Chinese writer, he can be called "the Indian Lu Xun". This man was fond of writing about vernacular realism and was the first Indian writer to delve into rural issues. Unfortunately, he was not revolutionary enough, he was a typical reformist, pinning the hope of India's poor people to turn over on the handouts of those in high positions. To put it bluntly, as long as everyone gives a little love, the world will be a better place.

The idea is similar with Aurobindo, the Indian philosopher who created his own "theory of social evolution". He believed that society is made up of people, and that each person achieves spiritual evolution through self-improvement, and that the evolution of society can be achieved by coming together. If you think about it carefully, it is probably the Confucian view, if everyone is a gentleman, then benevolence and harmony, social progress, and the country will be prosperous.

What is even more nonsense is that Aurobindo believes that the spiritual evolution of the individual, after the realization of social evolution, will lead to the evolution of the state. When nations are spiritually united, they can live in harmony, wars will no longer break out, and even the whole world will be integrated, that is, the so-called "age of spiritualization" will appear, similar to the final realization**.

The spiritual thoughts of these Indian scholars seem to have deviated a little......

But they speak English very well, all of them in the standard London accent, not the curry-flavored English that makes you want to hit the wall.

Don't look at Premchand grew up in the countryside, and was once so poor that he could only work as a teacher in a middle school to make ends meet. But the original surname was "Rai", a typical Brahmin surname, and they were fluent in Latin, English, Hindi, Persian, and Urdu.

This is where the difference between Indian progressives and Chinese progressives lies.

India's national independence movement was initiated by the new bourgeoisie and represented the demands of the bourgeoisie. Ninety-nine percent of their progressives belong to the upper castes, and may have sympathy for the lower castes and untouchables, but only sympathy, and belong to the "kindness" of the upper classes. Even Gandhi was forced to compromise before agreeing to give untouchables the right to vote after the founding of the country.

China's national independence movement, on the other hand, comes from the entire Chinese nation. Merchants, scholars, landlords, peasants, workers, and handicraftsmen all took national independence and national rejuvenation as their starting point. Even if the dictatorship is as usual, it will issue a series of decrees that benefit the poor at the bottom, and although these decrees are crooked in their administration, they will eventually have to be done.

What India really lacks is a spirit called "princely generals have a kind of peace". Its class has long been solidified, it is now, it will be like this in another fifty years, and it may not be possible to change it even in a hundred years.

Why do most Indians have no toilets at home?

Because toilet feces are filthy and untouchable even for the lowest castes, the work of the dung diggers can only be done by the untouchables. But untouchables are untouchable, dirtier than feces, and it is impossible for the four castes to allow untouchables to come into their homes to dig dung.

This has created an endless cycle that has led to toilets becoming a major problem in India that is similar to land reform, so much so that Modi Laoxian shouted the slogan of "toilet revolution".

Premchand seemed to have great admiration for Zhou Hexuan, and he said: "Mr. Zhou, I have read your magnum opus "The Goddess" more than ten times. It was wonderful, and I was fascinated by magical realism. I tried to imitate, but unfortunately my style didn't fit. ”

"Great works don't stick to form, and yours is just as wonderful, Mr. Rai." Zhou Hexuan didn't tell a lie, he really read Premchand.

Among the Indian writers of the 20th century, the most famous in China is naturally Tagore, followed by Premchand. Especially in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Premchand was highly regarded in China because his works often reflected rural problems, and Chinese researchers considered him to be a representative writer of India's poor middle peasants - in fact, they were Brahmin landlords.

Premchand said: "The Goddess has taught me a little bit about China, especially in rural China, where you don't seem to have a caste system? ”

"Yes, from the perspective of the basic rights of citizens, all Chinese are created equal." Zhou Hexuan shook his head and said. It's a skill he's just learned, and he shakes his head in India.

The poet Josh Marihabad lamented: "In this regard, China is naturally more progressive than India. ”

Aurobindo began to sell his philosophical ideas again, saying: "There are five stages in human history, namely, the age of symbolism, the age of typical, the age of convention, the age of individualism, and the age of spiritualization. Most of the world's countries, including India, are in the era of agreement. I think in 30 years, humanity will be able to enter the age of individualism. At that time, Indians can achieve the goal of social evolution through their own spiritual evolution, and the Indian caste system will naturally dissolve. ”

"There will be a day." Premchand actually agreed.

Aurobindo asked, "Did Mr. Zhou study philosophy?" ”

"I don't know." Zhou Hexuan said.

Aurobindo said: "The ultimate goal of the evolution of human society is spiritualization, when the material civilization develops to the highest point, people will no longer have to suffer from food, clothing, shelter and transportation, all people will be spiritually perfect, and all people will be sages and sages." The origin of the universe is also a supernatural, purely spiritual entity, which I call 'Brahman'. Brahman transcends time, space, mass, and all forms, and is independent of the existence of other things. The spiritual evolution of human beings is the perception of Brahman......"

Zhou Hexuan was a little dizzy when he heard it, this Nima is not talking about philosophy, but theology, right?

What kind of person is our Mr. Zhou? Not to mention the magic stick, he and pigs can have a common topic.

"Mr. Gauss's 'Brahman' reminds me of the Chinese 'Dao'," Zhou Hexuan immediately succeeded in picking up the topic and using the transliteration of Dao, "Taoists believe that 'Dao' is the origin of the universe, the ultimate truth of all things, embodying all things and relying on all things for existence." Human beings have evolved after perceiving the Tao, upgrading from mortals to sages, and even more advanced are saints, supreme people, and true people. The standard of a virtuous person is to know the laws of heaven and earth, the laws of all things. The standard of a saint is to know and act well, and to be of the highest moral character. The standard of the best is ......"

What kind of philosophy is? Isn't that just bragging!

Zhou Hexuan bragged about the change of color in the world, bluffing the three Indian literary bigwigs.

In particular, that set of Taoist thoughts, which made Aurobindo very interested, clapped his hands and said: "All roads lead to Rome, and the truth of the world is the same." The 'Dao' that Mr. Zhou refers to should be the 'Sanskrit' I am talking about, but the name is different. ”

"Yes, Indian philosophical thought has a lot in common with Chinese philosophical thought, and we can exchange more ideas in the future." Zhou Hexuan said with a smile.

This is India's top philosopher, this is the leader of India's early independence movement......

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