According to legend, Lao Tzu once made alchemy in the mountain, and the Shangqing Palace was built on the mountain to worship Lao Tzu. There are also ancient buildings such as Taoist temples, Lu Zu'an, and Xia Qing Palace.

During the Tang and Song dynasties, every Chongyang Festival, there was an endless stream of tourists on Shangbi Mountain. Tang Dynasty poet Zhang Ji Shiyun: "The city of human settlements has not been relieved, please travel to the north temporarily." ”

"Evening view of the mountain" is known

One of the "Eight Views of Luoyang". Since ancient times

The proverb "born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, dead and buried in the north" is one of the famous historical mountains in China. Bishan is also known as Beimang, lying on the north side of Luoyang, and is a branch of Kunshan Mountain.

It stretches for more than 190 kilometers from east to west, with an altitude of about 250 meters. Bai Juyi's poem: "The tomb of the northern mound is high".

Bishan is also the ideal burial place of ancient emperors. In ancient times, the trees were lined up and green like clouds. Dengfu looks into the distance, the victory of Yiluo Erchuan, and you can see it all; In the evening, thousands of lights are lit up like stars in the sky.

"Evening view of the mountain", called

One of the "Eight Views of Luoyang" (Longmen Mountain, Horse Temple Bells, Tianjin Xiaoyue, Luopu Autumn Wind, Copper Camel Twilight Rain, Jingu Spring Clear, Pishan Evening View, Pingquan Pilgrimage Tour).

In ancient times, the original name of Pishan was Taibaiyuan, and the Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan "Water Jing Note Gushui" said: "Gushui East will be Jingu Water, and the water will be Taibaiyuan (Taibaiyuan here is the original name of Pishan), and the southeast flows, Lijin Valley, which is called the Golden Valley Water. The southeast flows through the former residence of Shi Chongzhi of Wei Qing of the Jin Dynasty. The water of the Golden Valley flows southeast into the valley. The valley water passes east through the north of Kim Yong City. "The Golden Valley is the name of a strip of water.

Today's Luoyang City still has Jinguyuan Road, but the source of Jinguyuan Road originates from the nearby Jinguyuan Village, and the historical Jinguyuan site in the southwest of Fengtai Village, Songzhuang Town, Mengjin County is not the same concept.

At the western end of the mountain there is the Yangshao cultural site, which is a symbol of human civilization in the middle reaches of the Yellow River during the Neolithic period.

The Bishan Mausoleum Group is a large national cultural relics protection unit in China, and it is also one of the areas with a relatively concentrated distribution of ancient mausoleums in the world.

There are more than 1000 tombs of more than a dozen emperors of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty and Northern Wei Dynasty and the burial tombs of the royal family and ministers.

On the mountain, large and small earthen bags are the tombs of the emperors and generals of the past dynasties, and the dignitaries and dignitaries, which is the ancient tomb group of the mountain.

Pi Mountain, also known as Beibi, belongs to a section in the middle of the remaining veins of Qinling Mountains, lies across the south bank of the Yellow River, the loess hilly area in the north of Luoyang City, and is about 150 meters above the water surface of the Yellow River and the Luohe River.

It is 16 kilometers from north to south and 30 kilometers from east to west, with an area of about 500 square kilometers and an open terrain.

The soil layer of 5-15 meters below the surface of the mountain is most suitable for placing tombs because of its low water permeability, good cohesion and hard and compact soil.

Because the mountains and rivers of Bishan are gorgeous, the scenery is pleasant, although the mountain is not high, but the soil is thick and the water is low, it is suitable for funeral, so there are many ancient emperors' tombs on Bishan, and Pishan is the cemetery of Luoyang people since the Eastern Han Dynasty.

There are the tombs of Qin Prime Minister Lü Buwei, Southern Dynasty Chen Houzhu, Southern Tang Dynasty Li Houzhu, Western Jin Dynasty Sima Shi, Han Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu's original mausoleum, Han Xian Emperor Mausoleum, Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu, great calligrapher Yan Zhenqing, Wang Duo and other celebrities of the past dynasties.

Now there is the first ancient tomb museum in China - Luoyang Ancient Tomb Museum. The tombs of the emperors of Cao Wei in the east and the Western Jin Dynasty are based on the mountains, and there is no sealed soil; There are still more than 300 existing ground sealed soil in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Northern Wei Mausoleum District in the west, which are covered bucket-shaped or conical-shaped, and the largest one has a diameter of more than 100 meters and a height of more than 50 meters.

In the excavated tombs, there are large bricks and yellow intestines and stones, and the shape is huge; There are also smaller earthen caves.

A large number of epitaphs have been unearthed, covering the political, economic, military, cultural, Sino-foreign exchanges, and ethnic relations of the society at that time, providing important information for historical research.

Legend has it that a long time ago, there lived an old Taoist and his two little disciples on Kunlun Mountain, and they practiced in an immortal cave all day long.

One day, Lao Dao said to two disciples: "I am going to a friend outside the world as a guest, this cauldron is boiling a python caught from the East China Sea, under the pot from time to time to put firewood to burn, from time to time to add water to the pot, remember!" After saying that, he rode away.

In this way, the two disciples put firewood on the pot every day and added water to the pot. Hundreds of years have passed, and the master has not returned, and the two little disciples are a little anxious.

One day, one said to the other, "The master will not come back until hundreds of years later, so why don't we go down the mountain to play?" The other one has long been intended.

So they made a fire vigorously, filled the pot with water, and went down the mountain. They had fun along the way, but they couldn't rest assured that the master would tell them, so they bought some wine and meat at a hotel and hurried back.

However, the fire had long been extinguished, and the water had been drunk by the yellow python, and the yellow python was fleeing in the direction of the East China Sea, leaving a yellow water channel where it had passed.

They hurriedly chased along the Yellow Water Road. The yellow python spotted them and hurriedly diverted to the north. The two of them hurriedly took a shortcut to intercept it, and when the python saw it, it ran towards the East China Sea again.

The waterway left by this python bend is today's Jiuqu Yellow River. Besides, when the master returned to the fairy cave, he saw that the fire at the bottom of the pot had been extinguished for a long time, and the yellow python in the pot was gone.

Even the little disciple was silent, and everything was understood. He shouted, "The two little animals have let go of the python, so that it will be a plague to the world again." "Immediately ride a crane and chase after it.

The two little disciples chased after them until dark, and when they saw the python fleeing into the East China Sea, they wanted to rest, when the old master arrived on a crane.

Shouted: "Livestock! You two made the yellow python leave a disaster in the world, then you two will always guard this waterway! After speaking, the two little disciples became two mountains, forever guarding both sides of this waterway, and people called the yellow waterway left by the yellow python the Yellow River, and the mountain that the two little disciples turned into was called Chasing Python Mountain.

Later, the people on the south bank of the Yellow River felt that the Python Mountain was not good, so they changed its name to Pishan, which has been used until now.

In 543, the Fourth Great War of the Two Wei Dynasty (the Battle of Pishan) began. The fuse of this war was caused by the surrender of Yuzhou north of Gao Aocao's elder brother Gao Zhongmi to the Western Wei.

And the deeper reason is caused by Gao Huan's son Gao Cheng's greed. When Gao Cheng was fourteen years old, he was almost killed by Gao Huan for adultery with his father's favorite concubine Zheng.

Later, Gao Cheng looked at Gao Zhongmi's beautiful wife Li again, and as soon as they met, he pounced on him and pulled his clothes and wanted to rape him.

Li didn't comply, his clothes were torn, and he cried to Gao Zhongmi after getting out. Just as Gao Zhongmi was about to be released as the assassin of Northern Yuzhou, he was frightened and angry, and surrendered to the Western Wei as soon as he took office, and the strategic place of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Tiger Prison Pass, fell into the hands of the Western Wei.

Yuwentai personally divided the armies to meet Gao Zhongmi, and the army went to Luoyang to surround the southern city of Heqiao. Gao Huan also personally commanded 100,000 soldiers, crossed the river from the north bank of the Yellow River, and took the mountain as a battle, without fighting for several days.

Yuwentai left his baggage and climbed the mountain at night to raid Gao Huan. The reconnaissance cavalry quickly informed Gao Huan that the Western Wei army had only come with weapons and rations, and it was forty miles away from Gao Huan.

Gao Huan reined in the soldiers and waited for the enemy. At dawn, the two armies intersected, and Gao Huan's general Peng Le rushed straight into the Northern Army of the Western Wei Dynasty with thousands of cavalry, and all the directions were routed, all the way to the Western Wei camp.

Someone rushed to Gao Huan to say that Peng Le had defected, and Gao Huan was furious. Soon, the northwest direction was dusty, and Peng Le sent an envoy to victory, capturing a total of 48 people, including five princes and generals and staff officers of Lintao Wang Yuankhan of the Western Wei Dynasty.

Gao Huan beat drums and attacked, capturing more than 30,000 enemies and beheading more than 30,000 people. Gao Huan sent Peng Le to pursue Yuwentai.

Yuwentai was embarrassed, and begged Peng Le on his horse while running: "Isn't this General Peng Le?" If you kill me today, will you be of any use tomorrow? Why don't you return to camp at once and take away all the gold and silver treasures I have left behind? Peng Le was rude, and he also felt that this was reasonable, so he gave up Yuwentai, returned to the camp discarded by Yuwentai, put a big bag of gold treasure on the horse, and ran back to Gao Huan to return to his life.

seemingly

"Playing Kou",

"Yangkou" was not invented by the generals of the Tang Dynasty, since Gou Jian Zhu Wenzhong, Liu Bang killed Han Xin,

"Rabbit dead dog cooking" has always been the most feared thing for martial artists, and it was later regarded as a long-term strategy by many military generals such as Tang, Yuan, and Ming, and indulged from time to time

"Bandits" slipped through the net, so that if there is something in the world, only then can the position of the martial artist be respected and respected, and the disaster of hiding the bow will be avoided. Peng Le saw Gao Huan and reported with his mouth open: "The black otter escaped by luck, and he was already frightened. Gao Huan was both happy that Peng Le was fighting and was extremely angry that he let go of Yuwentai, ordered Peng Le to lie on the ground, personally stepped forward and grabbed the old man's head and slammed it to the ground, gritted his teeth for a long time, and raised the knife in his hand several times to cut off Peng Le's head on the spot.

Gule's face was covered with blood, and he raised his head and begged Gao Huan to give him another 5,000 men and horses, and returned to the battle to chase Yuwentai. Gao Huan scolded: "You let everyone go, and what are you talking about chasing back and forth." "Send someone to bring 3,000 horses of silk and pile them on Peng Le's back, because he will be rewarded for his victory.

The next day, the Eastern and Western Wei armies regrouped and resumed fighting. The three armies of Yuwentai attacked the Eastern Wei army, Gao Huan was defeated, and all the infantry were captured.

Gao Huan was even shot to death for a while, and his subordinate Helian Yangshun dismounted and gave up the horse to Gao Huan, along with seven people to protect him.

When the chasing soldiers gathered, Gao Huan's cronies Du Governor Xingqing said: "Hurry up, king, I have a hundred arrows in my waist, enough to shoot a hundred people, and protect you from withdrawing." Gao Huan was moved and said: "If we can all survive, we will take you as the assassin of Huaizhou." If you die in battle, let your son do the assassination. Wei Xingqing said: "My son is too young, and I want to use my brother as a assassin." Gao Huan promised.

Wei Xingqing refused to fight alone, and was slashed and killed by the Western Wei soldiers. In order to ask for merit, some soldiers who surrendered in the Eastern Wei Dynasty reported the direction of Gao Huan's escape to the Western Wei Dynasty, and Yuwentai recruited 3,000 death squads, all of whom were short soldiers, and led the army to chase after him as the head of the metropolitan governor.

In the chaos, He Biaosheng found Gao Huan, who was fleeing for the emperor's life, and chased after him with the thirteen horsemen, chased for several miles, and almost stabbed Gao Huan several times, shouting: "He Liuhun (Gao Huan character), I He Dial Po Hu (He Dial Sheng character Po Hu) must have killed you today!" Gao Huan was so frightened that he almost died of a heart attack on his horse.

His retinue fired arrows from the side, shot over the two Western Wei horses, and killed He Baosheng's mount. By the time the deputy horse arrived, Gao Huan had already run away.

He Batsheng sighed: "What a providence that I forgot to bring a bow and arrow today!" After the war, Gao Huan returned to Yecheng and killed all the sons of He Bayue who had left them in the Eastern Wei Dynasty.

When He Batsheng heard this, he was angry and died. When Yuwentai heard the news of He Patsheng's death, he wept for a long time, and said to the left and right: "All the generals are facing the enemy, and their expressions are panicked, but He Bagong is the same color as usual, and he is really a brave person." Due to the defeat and retreat of the troops under the five generals of the Western Wei Dynasty, the situation on the battlefield changed again.

The Eastern Wei soldiers regrouped and rushed over. Yuwentai attacked, retreated without being defeated, and fled with his army, and the Eastern Wei army pursued.

Because Duhuxin and others collected the scattered soldiers of the Western Wei Dynasty to harass the pursuing troops of the Eastern Wei Dynasty from behind, Yuwentai was fortunate to escape and the upper reaches of the Wei River.

Gao Huan's generals entered Shaanzhou, and his subordinate Feng Zihua persuaded Gao Huan to pursue the victory, and he would definitely be able to unify the two Wei. But the rest of the generals had no fighting spirit, their morale was exhausted, and they did not dare to fight again.

At that time, Yuwentai had become the end of the strong crossbow, as long as Gao Huan's army arrived, he would definitely die. Gao Huan saw that the generals were frustrated, so he ordered the army to be returned, losing the excellent opportunity.

Wang Sizheng, who had been sticking to the Huannong granary for Yuwentai, heard the news of the defeat of the Western Wei army, not only did not flee, but let people open the city gate, undressed himself and lay on the city tower, comforting the soldiers, in order to inspire the soldiers and show their courage.

A few days later, the Eastern Wei soldiers slaughtered under the city, saw the city gate wide open, and knew Wang Sizheng's reputation, so he was so frightened that he fled without a fight.

Since then, the Eastern Wei army has recaptured Northern Yuzhou and Luozhou, and Hou Jing captured Gao Zhongmi's wife and children and sent them to Yecheng.

In the winter of 564, Luoyang, an important town in the Northern Qi Dynasty, was besieged by an army of 100,000 in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the defending troops had run out of ammunition and food, and the situation was precarious. Emperor Wucheng of the Northern Qi Dynasty was very anxious and urgently ordered troops from all over the country to go to relieve the siege of Luoyang.

Military horses from all over the Northern Qi rushed to the outside of Luoyang City and rushed to the Northern Zhou army that surrounded Luoyang into an iron barrel. After the officers and men of the three armies fought hard to break through the first line of defense of the Northern Zhou army's siege and reinforcements, they were no longer able to advance forward. Seeing that the besieging army of the Northern Zhou Dynasty was gradually strengthening its offensive, the defenders of Luoyang City were already desperate. If the Northern Zhou army captured Luoyang City and turned around to deal with the Northern Qi reinforcements, the Northern Qi reinforcements would face a catastrophe.

At this critical juncture, a general of the Northern Qi army led five hundred soldiers to rush towards the Northern Zhou army. The general, dressed in armor and holding a sharp blade, stood out in the crowd, but the main attraction was his face, which wore a hideous mask that made people shudder to see.

This general was extremely brave, and the hideous mask on his face gave the enemy a psychological shock, and the army of the Northern Zhou Dynasty could not stop him. He led 500 soldiers to fight a bloody way in the Northern Zhou army and rushed to the city of Luoyang.

At this time, the defenders in the city had become frightened birds, suspicious of deception, and did not dare to open the city gate rashly. They demanded that the general take off his mask and show his true colors. The general agreed, and when he took off his mask, the defenders in the city immediately burst into joy, because the general wearing the mask was none other than the famous general of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Gaosu, the king of Lanling.

Because the King of Lanling was surprisingly handsome, like a beautiful woman, he was often despised by the enemy in battle. So in order to deter the enemy, the king of Lanling ordered someone to create a hideous mask, and every time he went to battle in the future, the king of Lanling wore this mask.

When the soldiers defending the city knew that the masked general was the king of Lanling, they opened the city gate and killed the Northern Zhou army together with the army of the king of Lanling, and the Northern Zhou army was defeated. This battle is known as the "Battle of Bishan" in history. The history books record the fiasco of the Northern Zhou army: "Abandon the camp and abandon the village, from the mountain to the valley, thirty miles, the military equipment is full of Sichuanze."

[Jin] Zhang Zai's "Seven Mourning Poems": "There are four or five in Gaoling. By asking whose grave it is, it is the lord of the Han Dynasty. "Northern Wei Li Daoyuan's "Water Jing Note? Gu Shui" said: "The north is to Mangfu, even the mountains are repaired, the buds are all mountains, starting from Luokou, the west is over Pingyin, and Manglong is also." "Tang Dynasty Han Yu's "Gift Jia Island": "Meng Jiao died and was buried in Beibi Mountain, and since then the situation has been idle for a while. The article is cut off, and Jia Island is reborn in the world. ”

[Tang] Shen Yan's "Beibi Mountain": "There are tombs on Beibi Mountain, and the eternal years are against Los Angeles. The sun and evening songs in the city are up, and the sound of pines and cypresses is heard on the mountain. ”

[Tang] Bai Juyi's "Hao Ge Xing": "The virtuous, the foolish, the noble and the lowly are all gone, and the tomb in the north is high." In ancient times, I was so not alone, I was not dead, I drank and sang. Jin Daiyuan asked "Beipi" and said: "Drive the horse to the northern plain, hesitate and hesitate." Thousands of years of rich and noble people, scattered in this corner of the mountain. ”

[Tang] Wang Jian's "Journey to the North": "There is little idle soil on the north mountain, and it is full of old tombs of Luoyang people. There are many people in the old tombs, and there is no place for gold piled up. The end of the world is leisurely, and the burial day is urgent, and the hill is rugged and non-stop. Gao Zhang Su curtain around Mingjing, singing elegy at night under the mountain. The north of Luoyang City is back to the east of the city, and the soul car Zuma meets each other. The ruts are as wide as Chang'an Road, and the artemisia grass is less than the pine and cypress trees. The rocks at the bottom of the mountain stream are thinning, and they are all sheep and tigers in front of the grave. Whose stele text is extinguished, and later generations retake the book. The chariots and horses were sent back to the funeral, and the mansion and the high platform were also raised. ”

[Tang] Zhang's "Journey to the North": "On the North Road of the North Gate of Luoyang, the mourning chariot enters the autumn grass. In front of the car, the song of shallots was sung, and the high grave was newly rising. Towards the twilight long funeral, there are more people in Luoyang City. The golden monument is 100 feet high, and it will eventually be the stone under the pillar of whom's house. The pines and cypresses on the hill are half ownerless, and there are more white bones than soil underground. The cold food family sends paper money, and the kite is made to stand on the tree. The city of human settlements has not been relieved, please travel to the north temporarily. - "Yuefu Poems: Pickled Pickles": "Pickled up the dew, He Yixi! The Ming Dynasty has fallen, when will people return when they die? ”

[Jin] Yuan Hao asked "Linjiang Immortal": "Now the ancient north of the mountain down the road, Huang Chen is a hero." People grow and hate the water. Who speaks together, looking up at Feihong. The world's fame will be used, and he used to complain about the heavens. Hao Song is a song of wine. The man's behavior is yes, not to talk about the poor. "

[Ming] Xue Xuan's "Journey to the North": "The wind is born on the North Mountain, and the new mound is full of old mounds. Where is the wealth so far, the broken monument is fragmented and savage farming. ”