Li Ming listened to Wang He's words and said with deep feelings: "I have worked in the Hetao area for several years, and the grassland of this era is still a primitive grassland, which is not only large, but also has a relatively complete primitive grassland ecology. It is very different from the almost desertified landscape of modern society. The snow melts from the Yinshan Mountains into rivers and lakes that dot the lush grasslands.

Except for a small part of grassland plants for wild animals, they are basically in a state of natural succession of self-destruction. This succession process is extremely slow and small, maintaining a primitive state of ecological equilibrium with a high degree of stability.

Nomads drive livestock on the grassland, live in pursuit of water and grass, in addition to livestock feeding and trampling consume a large amount of pasture, but also through livestock manure directly to the grassland soil fertilizer, appropriate livestock trampling can play a role in loosening the soil, thereby maintaining and improving the production capacity of the grassland, to create rich forage resources for the use of nomadic herding again.

The rapid development of animal husbandry in modern society has inevitably carried out predatory use of grassland, resulting in the gradual shrinkage of the rich prairie area, the corresponding expansion of the area of degradation, desertification and alkalization, the deterioration of the environment, and the imbalance of ecological balance, which has seriously affected the development of grassland animal husbandry production.

Under such conditions, the company's prospects for developing specialized and intensive state-owned large-scale ranches and family ranches are absolutely limitless. However, it is necessary to protect the ecological balance of the grassland, and it is strictly forbidden to indiscriminately reclaim pastures and indiscriminate harvesting of grassland plants. The imbalance of ecological balance caused by the large-scale reclamation of grasslands has brought a very painful lesson. ”

Song Tao next to him also nodded and said: "In the two battles I presided over this time, I basically traveled all over the grasslands in the northwest and Mobei. It includes ******** grassland, Xilin Gol grassland, Ulanqab grassland, Ordos grassland on the south bank of the Yellow River, and Alxa desert grassland in the west. There are also grasslands in various parts of Mobei and the mountain basins and river valleys between the Tianshan Mountains and the Altai Mountains, looking down on the airship, the vast grassland green waves rolling, cattle and sheep are everywhere, the scenery is really beautiful. ”

Han Shuanglin said with emotion: "The grassland of this era. The area is several times larger than in modern society, and the ecology of the grassland is very balanced. If we develop the grasslands, I really don't know what the grasslands will look like in a few hundred years. ”

Wang He said with a smile: "Last year, Guo Song and I went to the grasslands of Lingnan and listened to the report of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Overall, the situation is not bad. Today, most of the nomadic detachments there have moved westward, and only some of the nomadic detachments remain, which are responsible for the care of the company's several large state farms. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry has also taken many countermeasures in order to make rational use of grassland resources.

First of all, it is necessary to use grass to determine the number of livestock, strictly control the livestock carrying capacity of the pasture, stipulate a reasonable carrying capacity of the grassland according to the state of the productive forces of different types of grasslands, and change the practice of uncontrollably pursuing the number of livestock herds and blindly increasing the livestock carrying capacity of the pasture. To put it bluntly, it is how much grass to raise how many animals, so that livestock can be well fed. The total number of heads is determined according to the utilization capacity of summer and autumn pastures. Generally, a sheep is raised on 10-20 acres of dry grassland, and a sheep is raised on 50-70 acres of desert grassland.

The second is to make full and rational use of the grassland growing season with abundant water and grass, raise more livestock, fatten meat animals, achieve the purpose of summer and autumn fattening, and carry out scientific and economic meat and livestock management. The period from October to April of the following year in the northern grassland pastoral area is the dry grass period that seriously threatens livestock production, which is the disadvantage period of grassland production.

Large-scale artificial planting of high-quality forage grasses such as alfalfa, satawang, sapi grass, old miscanthus, mangless, euterrestris, red bean grass, etc., as well as grass cutting and grass storage are the main countermeasures to turn disadvantages into advantages. Change the way livestock are grazed in pastoral areas. Fundamentally change the backward state of low productivity of grasslands, and promote intensive feeding methods of overwintering or supplementary feeding and commercial fattening. Fundamentally change the backward state of low productivity of grasslands. Maximise the enormous potential of feed production in natural grasslands and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas.

At present, the Horqin grassland in Lingnan is carrying out scientific zoning and rotational grazing, that is, the grazing land of each herd is divided into a number of small areas according to its productivity and utilization characteristics, and a planned rotational grazing is carried out, with the aim of not only grazing the livestock well, but also maintaining the productive forces of the grassland. They also adopted ********** aircraft. Reseeding is suitable for improving large areas of natural grasslands and mountain grasslands that are not easy to carry out by other measures.

Sowing some local wild forage grass or other forage plants with strong adaptability and high forage value through the most economical and effective airplane reseeding method to achieve the purpose of increasing the coverage of excellent forage grass and increasing yield. The seeds are pre-treated and coated with loess 5 times their weight to ensure that the seeds fall exactly where they need to be replanted. Aircraft reseeding can also be replicated in the arid regions of the Northwest. Generally, it will be better to do it before the rainy season.

Several large-scale state-owned ranches carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Horqin, Lingnan, have achieved great results after several years of scientific operation and management. According to statistics, grass production has increased by 25 per cent in each pastoral area, with a difference of 40-50 per cent compared to the most extensive free-range grazing. Moreover, he has accumulated rich experience in his daily work and cultivated a large number of employees with mature ranch management experience. ”

Everyone listened to Wang He's words, and they were all very excited. Song Tao said excitedly: "I didn't expect that there would be so much to say about raising cattle and sheep." ”

Guo Song nodded and said: "Actually, when Lao Wang and I listened to the report of the Animal Husbandry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, we didn't have much ideas, after all, the company did not have a plan to develop state-owned large pastoral areas and family ranches on a large scale at that time. For the vast northern steppe, the company can only be handed over to the Mongolian nomadic detachment for traditional nomadic management.

In fact, several large state-owned pastures in the Horqin grassland in Lingnan have been experimenting scientifically, intensively, and professionally, such as irrigation, using the method of artesian flood irrigation, and where conditions permit, river, lake, well water, etc., can be used to carry out more detailed furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation, so as to greatly increase the yield of high-quality forage.

There is also fertilization, that is, in local areas, especially in grasslands with better water conservancy conditions or artificial grasslands with irrigation conditions, increasing the application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers can not only increase the amount of forage, but also improve the composition of grass layer, improve the quality, palatability and digestibility of forage. By raking and shallow tillage, the soil is loosened to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the soil fertility.

There is also the prevention of toxic and harmful plants, and the organization of manual digging of poisonous weeds in the grazing interval, each person can dig 3-5 acres per day, and the effect is very good. In addition, rodent control and insect control are also very important, such as poison bait, spraying or rat traps, sleeves and other methods have a very significant effect on grassland rodent control. Aircraft spraying pesticides to control insects can basically control grassland insect pests.

According to the laws of nature, the establishment of the optimal balance of grassland ecosystems is of great significance for the stable, high-quality and high-yield development of animal husbandry. Human beings and grassland ecosystems should maintain an "equal exchange" or "balance" relationship, so that the grasslands can last for a long time and animal husbandry can continue to develop. Otherwise, the long-term inadequacy of energy and matter, or excessive accumulation, will damage the function of the ecosystem, and even lead to the collapse of the entire system. (To be continued.) )