Historical materialism says that social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness has an active counter-effect on social existence. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

The sage books that Ouyang Xiu and these people read every day can't be wrong, but they are out of touch with society. However, they are very confident, and they will never admit that what is wrong is their own and the sages' remarks, and the fault can only be the world. More seriously, they even tend to be detached from the reality of society and only live in a world of their own imagination.

Officials who came from Jinshi had to start from the prefecture and county, which was originally to correct the malpractice of not understanding the world, because many counties in this era could only be regarded as the lowest level of political power compared with the townships and towns of later generations. However, in the past few years that Ouyang Xiu has been in the state and county, he has almost completely not participated in political affairs, and he has passed happily, which has caused his tendency to not understand the world more and more serious.

It is useless to reason with this kind of person, he feels that he himself is the truth, and he can only rely on letting the facts speak later.

After this incident, Xu Ping was in no mood to wander around the shop anymore, and he and Li Zhang were about to leave.

Wang Su stepped forward and said: "To be made, don't forget to meet in my village the day after tomorrow." ”

Xu Ping nodded, and Li Zhang casually bought two small clay toys for Panpan, and then went out of the shop together.

When he arrived at the state bridge, he separated from Li Zhang, bought a small basket of fresh cherries on the side of the road, turned over his horse, and slowly walked out of the city with his entourage.

Xu Ping has recently been thinking about the historical materialism he had learned in his previous life, that is, the question of social existence and social consciousness.

The emergence of a large number of reform trends in this era is by no means without reason, and it is not for anyone to pat their heads and come up with it. If the Qingli New Deal in history is still a continuation of traditional political thought, then Wang Anshi's later reform is subversive and revolutionary. Although on the surface it is still a continuation of the financial management ideas of Guan Zhong, Sang Hongyang, Liu Yan and others, in fact, because the government and commerce are pervasive and involve all aspects of industry and commerce, it is very different from the previous political ideas.

Social existence determines social meaning, and it is no accident that this trend of reform was gathered by Wang Anshi.

Since the late Tang Dynasty, the gap between the north and the south of China has widened. The north has been at war for many years, and there has not been a peaceful time except for the past few decades, while the south is relatively calm. Even when Taizu pacified Jiangnan, there was no large-scale war, and social and economic development has been steadily advancing.

The recuperation of the Zhenzong Dynasty made this gap more and more obvious.

The small-scale peasant economy that has been restored in the north is the soil that nurtures traditional Confucianism, and the scholars and Taoists of the north are a reflection of this phenomenon. The South, on the other hand, relied on a good foundation and made full use of the formation of the national market after reunification, commerce became more prosperous, and a new trend of mercantilism was slowly taking shape.

In parallel with this trend of thought, a large number of southern officials entered the central court, and new political ideas slowly took shape. The political force formed by this large number of officials from the south was the one that finally relied on Wang Anshi to set off a storm.

If we can't change this economic status quo in the north, or let the small-scale peasant economy recover slowly, then the reform resistance that Wang Anshi encountered in history will one day be encountered by Xu Ping. This is determined by the current social reality, and is not subject to the will of any one person. Behind the reform and conservatism is the reality of the fragmentation of the entire country's economic situation, and it is not a simple political stance, let alone a simple mechanical belief that the small and medium-sized landlords who supported the Qingli New Deal have become the big bureaucratic landlords who oppose the reform a few decades later. This specious class theory is untenable in the face of facts.

Class contradictions have always been one of the main contradictions in human society, but not all political behaviors can be classified as class contradictions. Not to mention the class theory of dividing the landlords from the peasants, and then dividing the landlords into the small and medium-sized landlords and the big landlord class.

It is precisely because of this social reality that Xu Ping will engage in large-scale industry and commerce in the Third Division, and in the people, he will strongly promote large-scale manor agriculture. Only by breaking the current small-scale peasant economy in the north will the reforms that follow not become a source of water.

Political allies are unreliable, and the political positions of officials are not static, and in fact the political positions of many people are closely related to the social realities they encounter. The social reality has changed, and the political positions of many officials will change, and Sima Guang and Wang Anshi in history were still friends when they were young. As for the conspiracy to seize power, it is even more undesirable, and the act of playing with fire is likely to burn oneself to death. On the way back to Beijing, he met Ding Wei and Hu Dan, and Xu Ping has always taken these two people as a warning.

Only when you have been standing at the forefront of the general trend of history is the most stable step forward. thinks that he is smart and can win over officials to form his own forces, but whenever such signs appear, he will be slapped to death by the imperial power.

China is a unified country, which is fundamentally different from the small countries of Europe in history, and there is not much to learn from Europe's development path in terms of specific policies.

The so-called fangs that raise capital will first tear the splendid Central Plains, and will not loot all over the world like Europe in history. For capital, it is obviously much more cost-effective to plunder inside China than to go out and loot. This is the most prosperous land for thousands of years, and once capital gets out of control, the first choice is to loot internally.

This is also the reason why Xu Ping insisted on taking the three divisions as the fundamental development of industry and commerce, if it was only because of the instinct of the bureaucracy at the beginning, after this period of thinking, it is now a rational behavior. Even if Xu Ping himself will suffer some personal losses in this process, he will not consider opening the floodgates of capital to bite the newly restored Central Plains.

When plundering internally has a comparative advantage over expanding outward, capital must be put on the hook, even if Xu Ping himself may become the largest capitalist, he cannot let go. In this world, standing in this position, Xu Ping must take his historical responsibility. The more I think about this, the firmer my position becomes.

Out of Wansheng Gate, Xu Ping Lema looked at the sunset on the horizon and did not speak for a long time.

After this year, Xu Ping has figured out what he should do, what he should not do, and how to go on step by step. The argument with Ouyang Xiu and these people was just a small wave in the process, and it had no substantive significance. As long as a few years later, the economic pattern of the integration of agriculture and industry will be formed, and the new social existence will inevitably give birth to a new social consciousness, and Xu Ping will inevitably gather a group of officials with the same political position.

This is historical materialism, and when such a political group is formed, it will promote this process of reform, which is dialectic.

Xu Ping doesn't need to woo anyone or form an alliance of interests with whom, then everything is unreliable. He is allied with the whole world, the Great Song Dynasty, and the people of the world who will never betray. (To be continued.) )