"Today, Liangzhou has all descended to Qiang, and Qianghu is sent to the left, and mixed with the Han people, the customs are different, and the language is incomprehensible. The number of small officials and people saw the invasion, poor and boring, so they rebelled. ”

"These words are all absurd and nonsense."

The Qiang people in the Eastern Han Dynasty rebelled endlessly, and people with lofty ideals in the Han Dynasty were also looking for the reasons for the Qiang rebellion and the solution.

Some people believe that the reason why the Qiang people rebelled was because the Han and Qiang lived together, could not understand the language, and many officials robbed the Qiang people of their money, which forced the Qiang people to rebel.

But Jia Xu's book begins by rejecting such views.

Calming down, Chen Xu carefully read the thick book. Only then did I know that this is not so much a policy to calm the Qiang, but rather a historical book that records the rebellion of the Qiang people.

After reading it, Wen Zhao deeply understood everything about the Qiang rebellion. He returned home with Jia Xu's scroll, and couldn't sleep for a long time, thinking about the contents all the time.

Since ancient times, nomadic tribes have been China's greatest enemies.

In the eyes of the nomads, the border counties of the Han Dynasty were like their own back gardens, and they would raid the border from time to time, rob money and grain, and plunder the population.

If the raids were carried out as a last resort because the tribes were poor and unable to survive, it would not hurt.

However, these nomads sometimes even burn down the houses of the Han people, trample on the farmland, and do things that harm others and themselves.

Gao Shun's family used to be quite wealthy, but it was precisely because of the looting and destruction of the Xianbei people that the Gao family was completely defeated.

The book also mentions that nomads even dig graves and graveyards. It must be known that the Han people pay the most attention to filial piety, and digging up people's ancestral graves is simply the biggest humiliation for him.

Since the nomads are mostly cavalry, they come and go without a trace. Although the Han Dynasty stationed a lot of troops on the border, these Han troops were like later TV dramas, and the police always appeared after the matter was over.

During the Western Han Dynasty, the nomadic people who posed the greatest threat to the Han Dynasty were the Xiongnu. In order to appease the Xiongnu in exchange for peace, this led to a policy of peace and proximity.

However, when the empire reached Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was very talented, was unwilling to make peace with the Xiongnu in humiliation.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne at the age of sixteen, and it was not until the death of the Empress Dowager Dou at the age of twenty-two that he was able to grasp great power.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who was in power at the beginning, showed extraordinary skills. depose the hundred schools of thought and respect Confucianism alone; cut the feudal domain, and implement the Tui Grace Order; set up a history of thorns and supervise the place; Salt and iron were nationalized, and vassal states were forbidden to make money.

After strengthening the centralization of power, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, relying on the huge wealth accumulated by the empire for several generations, began to train the Han iron cavalry, develop military strength, and prepare to solve the great problem of the Xiongnu.

The new elite cavalry corps of the Western Han Dynasty, led by Wei Qing and Huo Quzhi, went to Saiwai several times to attack the Xiongnu in the north, and won an unprecedented victory. It also made the territory of China unprecedentedly vast.

The Xiongnu originally occupied the land in the north of the Han Dynasty, and the Qiang people occupied the land in the western part of the Han Dynasty. Originally, there were frequent exchanges between the two nomadic peoples, and many times they also joined forces to invade the Han Dynasty.

In order to isolate the communication between these two nomads, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty directly let people lay down the vast land of Liangzhou.

The topography of Liangzhou is like a small bone shape with a thin middle and wide sides. Of course, this bone is flat, not three-dimensional.

The bone-shaped Liangzhou borders Sili in the southeast, and then extends all the way northwest to far, far away. On both sides of the bones, the northeast is the Xiongnu, and the southwest is the Qiang people and the countries of the Western Regions.

Although Luolongxi has been defeated, it is a barren land here. An uninhabited place, no matter how important the strategic location, will make no difference.

As a result, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up four counties of Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang in that area, known as the four counties of Longxi in history. Subsequently, he moved people from the interior several times to enrich the population of this barren land.

This policy is undoubtedly very correct and very forward-looking. However, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty himself was affected by this policy and was described as a tyrant who was tyrannical and reckless.

If it is just to attack the Xiongnu in the north, with the accumulation of several generations of the Han Dynasty, it will be able to support it.

But to the four counties of Longxi, such a remote and desolate place to migrate people and build cities. This attrition is no less than a protracted large-scale war.

The immigrants from the Western Han Dynasty to the four counties of Longxi were about 120,000. After these people have passed, the food they need for the first few years has to be transported from the interior.

At that time, the transportation was backward, and it could only be transported by manpower, chariots and horses. It's just the people who transport grain and grass, and the money and grain they consume back and forth are a huge and immeasurable number.

This kind of consumption is even several times the amount of grain and grass needed by all the people when they migrated to the four counties of Longxi. Coupled with the endless battles for many years, the heritage of the Western Han Dynasty was consumed.

In order to raise funds, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty even betrayed his title and allowed money to atone for his crimes, and indiscriminately imprisoned many wealthy merchants and plundered their family property.

It was a series of such actions that gave Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty the impression of being tyrannical and reckless. Even, in his later years, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty had to issue an edict to quell peasant uprisings across the country.

However, what Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did finally allowed the Han people to gain a foothold in Longxi. After that, although the Xiongnu and Qiang people counterattacked this place, they were crushed by the powerful force of the Western Han Dynasty every time.

Through the effective operation of the Hexi Corridor, the Western Han Dynasty achieved the goal of connecting the Western Regions and controlling the Xiongnu, and opened up the Silk Road, which was famous for later generations. After Emperor Wu, the Western Han Dynasty flourished and lasted for decades of glory.

There are unpredictable circumstances in the sky, and people have good and bad luck. No matter how powerful a dynasty is, there will always be a time when it will decline.

The glory of the Western Han Dynasty completely disappeared with Wang Mang's usurpation. With the collapse of the Xinmang Dynasty, the nomads saw the opportunity to once again pick up their spirits and resume their invasion of the interior.

After Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, unified the whole country and eliminated the Kui Hustle and Bustle of Longxi, he found that there were already a large number of Qiang people there.

These Qiang people, taking advantage of the large reduction of Han people due to war, occupied the living space of Han people in Longxi in the past. Some Qiang people are even soldiers recruited by Kui.

A large number of Qiang people took advantage of the civil strife in China to pour into Longxi, and Liu Xiu had no choice but to set up the post of 'Qiang Captain' to manage the Qiang people as his own people.

However, since the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty government, the northwest frontier has not been peaceful, and the Qiang people rebelled twice in three days, which is the nightmare of the Eastern Han Dynasty - the Qiang disaster.

At the beginning of the founding of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Qiang people began to be restless. The founding names of the Eastern Han Dynasty were the future and Ma Yuan, and they also put down the Qiang rebellion several times.

The Qiang were far inferior to the well-trained and well-equipped Han army, and they begged to surrender every time they suffered defeat.

Huaxia is a state of etiquette, and it will never kill all the aliens who are willing to surrender. Not only that, but they would also distribute money and food to the Qiang who surrendered, and then put them all back.

However, the Qiang people who were put back would not be quiet for long, and they would make a fuss again. In desperation, the imperial court had no choice but to let the Qiang people migrate to the interior of the Han Dynasty.

Due to the long-term large-scale war at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the population of the original area was drastically reduced.

The Eastern Han court felt that the internal relocation of the Qiang people could not only restrain them, but also enrich the population of the interior, which was a matter of killing two birds with one stone.

As a result, a large number of Qiang people were moved out of the four counties of Longxi and came to the land-rich counties in the east of Liangzhou.

What the Son of Heaven did not expect was that the Qiang people who moved inward not only did not converge, but echoed the Qiang people who rebelled on the frontier, making the entire Liangzhou restless.

Even in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were several virtuous monarchs, and the capricious Qiang people still rebelled, dragging the entire Eastern Han regime into the quagmire of war and unable to extricate themselves.

For more than 100 years, due to the Xiqiang rebellion, I don't know how much grain was consumed by the Han Dynasty. Even, the Eastern Han Dynasty eventually came to an end, but it was not without the cause of Qiang.

But why is it so difficult to solve? They were also nomadic people, why were the Xiongnu able to maintain a long-term peace with the Han Dynasty after they attached themselves to the Han Dynasty?

Jia Xu mentioned in the book: Although the Xiongnu and Qiang people are both nomadic people, their political systems are very different.

The Xiongnu is a relatively unified nation, and in this nation alone, they have supreme power and prestige. As long as the Han family can control Shan Yu, it can ensure that the Xiongnu will not rebel.

Even, the Han dynasty often provoked civil strife among the Xiongnu in the name of canonizing Shan Yu, constantly weakening their strength. It is precisely because of this that since the Southern Xiongnu attached to the Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu have not become a frontier disaster.

However, the Qiang did not have a unified government. There are countless tribes, large and small, that go their own way, but they are also connected. There are some Qiang tribes that will also vendetta against each other.

In the face of such a loose but organized Qiang people, the Han family could not find an object of control. After winning over this tribe, the Qiang tribe rebelled again, suppressed this rebellion, and his allies began to rebel again.

Moreover, in the face of repeated rebellions of the Qiang people, the Eastern Han regime also had some problems in dealing with the problem.

In the early Eastern Han Dynasty, the main means of dealing with Qiang were suppression and internal migration. However, even if the Han army is well-equipped and brave and good at fighting, there are times when the army is defeated in the process of fighting the Qiang people.

Soon after the death of Emperor He of the Han Dynasty, the imperial court sent more than 1,000 Qiang people to the Western Regions. The Qiang people did not obey the order, and they all fled halfway. The government sent people to arrest the deserters, but these Qiang people ran outside the fortress, and the Qiang people inside and outside the city rose up together, and the northwest border was suddenly turned upside down.

At that time, the general Deng Qiu mobilized 50,000 troops to conquer and suppress the Qiang, but was defeated.

The victory made the Qiang even more arrogant and unsightly. Some of the more powerful tribal leaders even called themselves 'Son of Heaven'.

The Qiang tribe thought that the Han army was vulnerable, and even united to plunder the border lands, and the Hexi Corridor of the Han Dynasty was cut off, and even the land of Sanfu also suffered.

Under financial pressure, the imperial court gave up continuing to use troops, and decided to move the Han people there inward and completely abandon Liangzhou.

However, since Emperor Wu, the Han Chinese there have taken root in the local area, and who is willing to give up their homeland and wealth? As a result, the Han people in the northwest also began to rebel. At that time, Du Jigong, the famous leader of the Qiang people, was an authentic Han person.

After the Qiang rebels hooked up with the Han rebels, the Qiang tribal leaders discovered that the Han people's brains were really very useful. And with the Han people as the leaders, they will not be so strong when they suffer from the resistance of the local Han people.

More importantly, if they were defeated, they could blame the Han for all their crimes, but they would be able to save their lives. Since then, it has become a tradition for the Qiang to rebel and elect prominent Han Chinese as their leaders.

This is also why, Beigong Boyu and others rebelled and held Liangzhou celebrities Bian Zhang and Han Sui hostage and let them act as leaders.

The Qiang and Han people in Liangzhou jointly rebelled, and the momentum was huge. The Eastern Han Dynasty consumed more than 20 billion yuan for this, and the treasury savings of nearly 100 years were empty.

In desperation, the Eastern Han Dynasty spent a huge amount of money to establish a group of elite cavalry. Even, he borrowed a cavalry from the Southern Xiongnu to end the war.

Although the large-scale rebellion stopped, the Qiang people still tossed in Liangzhou for more than 20 years.

Later, the Qiang people rebelled on a large scale again, the Eastern Han Dynasty veteran Ma Xian was killed in battle, and the Sanfu region once again ushered in the plundering Qiang people.

However, this time the Qiang rebellion lasted only a few years. Because the Eastern Han Dynasty court found a new way to quell the rebellion, that is, 'surrender'.

As long as the Qiang people rebelled, the Han court sent people over to negotiate terms with the Qiang people, and fought for the Qiang people who could recruit the rebellion. Even the famous generals Huangfu Gui, Zhang Huan and others also acted like this.

However, this policy of appeasement is a bottomless pit.

When the leader of the Qiang people who was recruited was recruited, after spending the reward money in his hand, he led the Qiang people to rise up again. After going back and forth, the Eastern Han court took money to feed the Qiang people again and again.

There are also those Liangzhou celebrities who were elected by the Qiang people as the leaders of the rebels, and they also found a way to get promoted and make a fortune from the Qiang rebellion.

It must be known that usually these people want to become a party Taishou, and they may not have this opportunity in their lifetime.

However, as long as they lead the Qiang rebellion, when the court recruits peace, it will naturally encircle them, the so-called leaders, and give them official titles.

Therefore, these Han people were sometimes willing to lead the Qiang people to rebel. When they accepted Zhao'an and became officials, they still colluded with the Qiang people in private.

This is really a sentence that responds to later generations: if you want to be promoted, kill people, set fire to be recruited.

Even if Han Sui and Ma Teng, all of them have their current official positions and status, and they are not unrelated to leading the Qiang rebellion.

In this way, the Qiang rebellion became a vicious circle. In order to avoid large-scale wars and consume countless amounts of money and grain, the imperial court used the policy of appeasement, and constantly used official positions, money and food to quell the troubles.

As for the Qiang people, as well as some famous people in Liangzhou, they regarded the rebellion as their way to wealth and promotion.

After reading Jia Xu's book introducing the Qiang rebellion, Wen Zhaocai had a deeper understanding of the Qiang people.